Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 137 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Every neuron has which of the following components?

A. many axons
B. a cell body
C. myelin
D. a neurilemma

A

B. a cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Violet has a condition in which her auditory ossicles have fused together. as a result, she exhibits ________

A. conductive deafness
B. sensorineural deafness
C. vertigo
D. otitis media

A

A. conductive deafness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How are action potentials related to impulses conducted along the length of an axon?

A. many impulses are required to cause one action potential
B. active transport of Na+ and K+ is required for impulse conduction but not for an action potential
C. impulses are stronger responses than action potentials
D. propagation of a series of action potentials along a nerve fiber constitutes an impulse

A

D. propagation of a series of action potentials along a nerve fiber constitutes an impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the third ventricle located?

A. within the cerebral hemispheres
B. within the diencephalon
C. within the spinal cord
D. within the brainstem

A

B. within the diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

If a neuron is stimulated causing changes in the membrane potential to the point where voltage-gated Na+ channels open and begin depolarizing the cell, the neurons

A. recruitment
B. threshold
C. summation
D. tetanus

A

B. threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are ____________

A. bipolar
B. unipolar
C. multipolar
D. nonpolar

A

C. multipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the appearance of cerebrospinal fluid

A. clear and watery
B. white and thick
C. reddish
D. yellow in the CNS and clear in the PNS

A

A. clear and watery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Arnold enters a darkened movie theatre on a sunny summer afternoon. at first, he cannot see objects. After several minutes he begins to see more clearly. what has happened?

A. rhodopsin, was depleted in the sun, and have to rebuild
B. iodopsins, which were depleted in the sun, have to rebuild
C. the iris needs time to correctly adjust to altered lighting
D. the optic nerve had fatigued out in the sunlight and has to recover

A

A. rhodopsin, was depleted in the sun, and have to rebuild

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is glaucoma?

A. clouding of the lens
B. unchanging pupil size due to decreased responsiveness of iris muscles
C. inflammation of the conjuctiva
D. increased pressure in the eye due to excess aqueous humor

A

D. increased pressure in the eye due to excess aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is one of the many functions of the hypothalamus?

A. regulating body temperature
B. maintaining rhythm of repetitive motions
C. interpreting visual input
D. coordinating voluntary movement

A

A. regulating body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which statement best describes cerebrospinal fluid?

A. it maintains a stable ionic concentration in the brain and spinal cord
B. it is formed by oligodendrocytes
C. it reenters the blood stream via the central canal
D. its rate of production is high in children, dropping to lower rates in adults

A

A. it maintains a stable ionic concentration in the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The gray matter of the spinal cord is divided into areas called _________

A. horns
B. funiculi
C. roots
D. ganglia

A

A. horns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What condition can be treated with a cochlear implant?

A. torn tympanic membrane
B. otosclerosis
C. conductive deafness
D. sensorineural deafness

A

D. sensorineural deafness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS are called _________

A. neuromas
B. axons
C. ganglia
D. nuclei

A

C. ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

After breaking her forearm, riley lost motor function and feeling in her fourth and fifth phalanges as well as that side of her hand. what nerve has been damaged?

A. musculocutaneous nerve
B. ulnar nerve
C. axillary nerve
D. obturator nerve

A

B. ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the cauda equina?

A. outermost protective layer covering the brain and spinal cord
B. the inferior tip of the spinal cord
C. bundle of nervous tissue that extends beyond tip of spinal cord
D. cord of connective tissues that anchors spinal cord to the coccyx

A

C. bundle of nervous tissue that extends beyond the tip of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What condition is due to an abnormality in the curvature of the lens or cornea, resulting in some areas of blurry vision?

A. presbyopia
B. astigmatism
C. hyperopia
D. myopia

A

B. astigmatism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

roughly how long does an excitatory postsynaptic potential last?

A. 15 minutes
B. 15 seconds
C. 15 milliseconds
D. 15 microseconds

A

C. 15 milliseconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The lack of ______ results in colorblindness

A. rods
B. a type of cone
C. a cornea
D. a lens

A

B. a type of cone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What change results in farsightedness after the age of forty five?

A. loss of lens density
B. shortening of the eyeball
C. lengthening of the eyeball
D. changes in curvature of the cornea

A

C. lengthening of the eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what comprises the central nervous system?

A. spinal and cranial nerves
B. brain and spinal cord
C. brain and cranial nerves
D. nerves in the upper and lower limbs

A

B. brain and spinal cord

22
Q

The ________ is the thin meninx attached to the surface of the brain, containing many nerves and blood vessels

A. dura mater
B. arachnoid matter
C. pia mater
D. subdural matter

A

C. pia mater

23
Q

The _____ includes the thalamus and hypothalamus

A. basal nuclei
B. limbic system
C. diencephalon
D. midbrain

A

C. diencephalon

24
Q

In guillain-barre syndrome, the immune system attacks and degrades the myelin sheath of PNS axons. Predict the effect this will have on nerve impulse and motor function.

A. lost insulation from myelin will cause neurons of the PNS to be hyper-excitable and muscular spasms will result
B. motor signals will not be sent from the brain down the efferent pathway because the brain cannot generate them
C. the brain will slowly degrade and various brain functions will be lost, including motor functions
D. lost insulation from myelin will cause neurons of the PNS to lose saltatory conduction, resulting in poor muscle function

A

D. Lost insulation from myelin will cause neurons of the PNS to lose saltatory conduction, resulting in poor muscle function.

25
Q

What disorder involves an immune response that affects the myelin coating on axons throughout the spinal cord and brain, triggering inflammation and leaving scars?

A. muscular dystrophy
B. multiple sclerosis
C. alzheimer disease
D. cerebrovascular accident

A

B. multiple sclerosis

26
Q

if a resting potential becomes more negative, the membrane is said to be _________

A. depolarized
B. hyperpolarized
C. repolarized
D. summated

A

B. hyperpolarized

27
Q

in the rods of the retina, the visual pigment called ______________ breaks down to _________ when stimulated by light

A. rhodopsin; retinal and opsin
B. retinal; rhodopsin and opsin
C. opsin; retinal and rhodopsin

A

A. rhodopsin; retinal and opsin

28
Q

what is myelin?

A. a substance released from a neuron that travels to another neuron
B. layers of lipids and proteins that wrap around an axon
C. a substance produced in response to bacterial infection
D. a form of chromatophilic substance that fills schwann cells

A

B. layers of lipids and proteins that wrap around an axon

29
Q

An _________ is the simplest nerve pathway from a sensory receptor to an effector.

A. spinal cord tract
B. corpus callosum
C. reflex
D. spinal nerve

A

C. reflex

30
Q

the most rapid conduction of an impulse along an axon occurs on a fiber that is _________

A. thick and myelinated
B. thick and unmyelinated
C. thin and myelinated
D. thin and unmyelinated

A

A. thick and myelinated

31
Q

what is a cerebrovascular accident?

A. accumulation of blood between menigeal layers
B. abnormal brain wave activity
C. death of nervous system tissue due to blocked blood flow
D. death of brain tissue due to increased intracranial pressure

A

C. death of nervous system tissue due to blocked blood flow

32
Q

During a meal, the _______ nervous system stimulates digestive activity and slows heart rate. during exercise, the __________ nervous system inhibits digestion and increases heart rate

A. parasympathetic; sympathetic
B. motor; sensory
C. somatic; autonomic
D. central; peripheral

A

A. parasympathetic; sympathetic

33
Q

sensory fibers from the _______ cross over at the optic chiasma

A. left side of each retina
B. medial (nasal) side of each retina
C. lateral (temporal) side of each retina
D. right side of each retina

A

B. medial (nasal) side of each retina

34
Q

Synaptic knobs are at the ends of ______

A. axons
B. dendrites
C. cell bodies
D. neuroglia

A

A. axons

35
Q

cerebrospinal fluid reenters the blood via……..

A. the central canal
B. arachnoid granulations
C. choroid plexuses
D. the interventricular foramen

A

B. arachnoid granulations

36
Q

What are the three general functions of the nervous system?

A. sensory, motor, and predictive
B. integrative, motor, and sensory
C. predictive, manipulative, and integrative
D. reflexive, sensory, predictive

A

B. integrative, motor, and sensory

37
Q

The _______ is located between the cerebrum and the cerebellum

A. lateral sulcus
B. central sulcus
C. longitudinal fissure
D. transverse fissure

A

D. transverse fissure

38
Q

What is a function of the association areas of the frontal lobes?

A. stimulate the movement of arms and legs
B. higher intellectual processes, including planning and problem solving
C. analysis and interpretation of auditory input
D. analysis and interpretation of visual input

A

B. higher intellectual processes, including planning and problem solving

39
Q

Following the path of sound transmission, what is the correct order of auditory ossicles?

A. malleus, incus, stapes
B. incus, malleus, stapes
C. stapes, malleus, incus
D. incus, stapes, malleus

A

A. malleus, incus, stapes

40
Q

What is the treatment for a cataract?

A. removal of the cornea
B. anchoring the retina in place
C. removal of the lens
D. using medication to reduce production of aqueous humor

A

C. removal of the lens

41
Q

As you are walking to class, another student is walking towards you. You experience _________ as your retinal cones detect color and send impulses to your visual cortex. Then you experience ______ when you become aware that the student is wearing a red coat.

A. sensation; perception
B. sensation; projection
C. perception; sensation
D. perception; projection

A

A. sensation; perception

42
Q

following a brain injury, a soldier is now unable to speak. what area of the brain was most likely damaged?

A. brocas area
B. hippocampus
C. posterior portion of occipital lobe
D. basal nuclei

A

A. Broca’s area

43
Q

An accident involving a blunt force trauma to the head has resulted in loss of vision for hilary. what area of her brain was damaged?

A. temporal lobe
B. occipital lobe
C. parietal lobe
D. frontal lobe

A

B. occipital lobe

44
Q

The sense of taste requires that molecules bind to receptor proteins located ______

A. on taste hairs
B. in taste pores
C. on cell bodies of taste cells
D. on sensory axons of the taste buds

A

A. on taste hairs

45
Q

Olfactory receptors are examples of what class of sensory receptor?

A. thermoreceptors
B. mechanoreceptors
C. chemoreceptors
D. proprioceptors

A

C. chemoreceptors

46
Q

The phrenic nerve arise from what nerve plexus?

A. cervical plexus
B. brachial plexus
C. lumbar plexus
D. sacral plexus

A

A. cervical plexus

47
Q

Where are receptors for the special senses located?

A. primarily in the head
B. throughout the integumentary system
C. in the fingertips
D. in the internal organs

A

A. primarily in the head

48
Q

Where are the receptors for hearing located?

A. in the ampullae
B. in the spiral organ
C. in the utricles
D. in the saccules

A

B. in the spiral organ

49
Q

saltatory conduction _________

A. occurs only if the myelin sheath is continuous
B. occurs only if nodes of ranvier are lacking
C. is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated fiber
D. is slower than conduction on an unmyelinated fiber

A

C. is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated fiber

50
Q

Which cranial nerves are primarily motor nerves innervating the muscles that move the eyes?

A. optic nerves, oculomotor nerves, and facial nerves.
B. oculomotor nerves, trochlear nerves, and abducens nerves
C. facial nerves, vagus nerves, and accessory nerves
D. optic nerves, trochlear nerves, and trigeminal nerves

A

B. oculomotor nerves, trochlear nerves, and abducens nerves

BIO 137 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions