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BIO 137 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Molecules bind to receptor sites and are enclosed in vesicles in the process of _________

A. pinocytosis
B. phagocytosis
C. receptor-mediated endocytosis
D. exocytosis

A

C. receptor-mediated endocytosis

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2
Q

What happens to the ionic compound NaCl when placed in water?

A. a new covalent bond will form between Na and Cl
B. NaCl will dissociate into Na+ and Cl- ions
C. Na and Cl will each for a covalent bond with a water molecule
D. the bond between Na and Cl will become a hydrogen bond

A

B. NaCl will dissociate into Na+ and Cl- ions

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3
Q

What statement describes DNA?

A. it is assembled out of subunits containing a sugar group and a phosphate group
B. it is assembled out of subunits called amino acids
C. it is a major source of cellular energy
D. it is important in forming the structure of cells

A

A. it is assembled out of subunits containing a sugar group and a phosphate group

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4
Q

Which statement correctly describes radioactive isotopes?

A. they are stable and can participate in chemical bonding
B. they are unstable and will decompose, releasing energy
C. they are stable and will decompose, releasing energy
D. they are unstable but can become stable by bonding with other isotopes

A

B. they are unstable and will decompose, releasing energy

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5
Q

What type of molecule has a molecular formula of C6H12O6?

A. monosaccharide
B. amino acid
C. polysaccharide
D. phospholipid

A

A. monosaccharide

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6
Q

What statement describes carbohydrates?

A. they contain C, H, O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms.
B. they are not water soluble but are lipid soluble
C. they include enzymes, antibodies, and membrane receptor molecules
D. some will contain nitrogen and phosphate

A

A. they contain C, H, O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms.

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7
Q

What would occur if the concentration of glucose in the extracellular fluid is higher than the concentration in the intracellular fluid?

A. water will enter the cell by osmosis
B. water will leave the cell by osmosis
C. glucose will enter the cell by osmosis
D. glucose will leave the cell by osmosis

A

A. water will enter the cell by osmosis

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8
Q

When the body is placed in the anatomical position, which of the following is NOT true?

A. the head is facing to the front
B. the palms are facing backwards
C. the body is erect
D. the upper limbs are at the sides

A

B. the palms are facing backwards

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9
Q

What causes wrinkling and sagging of the skin?

A. drinking too much water
B. genetics
C. loss of subcutaneous fat, elastin, and collagen
D. excess subcutaneous fat

A

C. loss of subcutaneous fat, elastin, and collagen

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10
Q

Which of the following must the human body obtain from the environment in order to survive?

A. nitrogen
B. wastes
C. water
D. carbon dioxide

A

C. water

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11
Q

The bond that forms between K+ and Cl- is a _____?

A. nonpolar covalent bond
B. ionic bond
C. hydrogen bond
D. polar covalent bond

A

B. ionic bond

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12
Q

What is measured by the pH scale?

A. concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
B. concentration of salts dissolved in a solution
C. concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution
D. strength of an electrical current that a solution can carry

A

A. concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

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13
Q

What particles are located in the nucleus of an atom?

A. protons and neutrons
B. protons and electrons
C. electrons and neutrons
D. neutrons, electrons, and protons

A

A. protons and neutrons

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14
Q

How is a protein molecule changed when it is denatured?

A. its primary and secondary structures are altered
B. its secondary and tertiary structures are altered
C. its amino acid sequence and the secondary structure is altered
D. its tertiary and quaternary structures are altered

A

B. its secondary and tertiary structures are altered

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15
Q

What characteristics does simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion have in common?

A. both require cellular energy for the transport of substances
B. both move water across a semipermeable membrane
C. both require a special carrier molecule to move substances across the membrane
D. both move a substance from a region of higher concentrations to one of lower concentrations

A

D. both move a substance from a region of higher concentrations to one of lower concentrations

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16
Q

A protein that spans the cell membrane is termed an ________

A. receptor protein
B. integral protein
C. peripheral protein
D. anchoring protein

A

B. integral protein

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17
Q

What is a main function of the digestive system?

A. formation of cells
B. movement of body parts
C. absorption of nutrients
D. providing oxygen for the extraction of energy from nutrients

A

C. absorption of nutrients

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18
Q

Why are the topics of anatomy and physiology difficult to separate?

A. physiological functions depend on anatomy of structures
B. physiological functions in an organism are ongoing
C. the body parts take up space
D. our understand of physiology is changing more than our understanding of anatomy

A

A. physiological functions depend on anatomy of structures

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19
Q

What best describes endoplasmic reticulum?

A. a component of the cytoskeleton
B. a cellular inclusion
C. a nuclear pore
D. a network of interconnected membranes

A

D. a network of interconnected membranes

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20
Q

Which of the following is not an organic compound?

A. sodium chloride
B. cholesterol
C. DNA
D. the enzyme phosphodiesterase

A

A. sodium chloride

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21
Q

A parietal layer of a serous membrane ______, whereas a visceral layer of a serous membrane______

A. covers organs; lines cavities
B. lines cavities; covers organs
C. secretes serous fluid; secretes mucus
D. secretes mucous; secretes a serous fluid

A

B. lines cavities; covers organs

22
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A. a solution that has a lower concentration of impermeant solutes than do the cells in the solution
B. a solution that would cause cells in the solution to lose water
C. a solution that has a higher osmotic pressure than do the cells in the solution
D. a solution that would cause cells in the solution to shrink

A

A. a solution that has a lower concentration of impermeant solutes than do the cells in the solution

23
Q

How are DNA molecules stored in the nucleus?

A. as free molecules
B. complexed with protein, forming chromatin
C. bound via RNA to the nuclear envelope
D. complexed with protein on the nuclear envelope

A

B. complexed with protein, forming chromatin

24
Q

What is the role of oxygen in the body?

A. reacts with water to form carbonic acid
B. used to release energy from nutrient molecules
C. functions as a major electrolyte
D. produced as a waste product of cellular metabolism

A

B. used to release energy from nutrient molecules

25
Q

The body is made up of many different cell types, from small circular red blood cells to the elongated smooth muscle cells 20x their size. Why is there such variation in size and shape?

A. different cell sizes are due to nutritional differences
B. variations in size and shape allow different cell types to perform unique functions
C. variations in cell shape and size are due to chromosomal differences between cells
D. cell size and shape does not vary among cell types

A

B. variations in size and shape allow different cell types to perform unique functions

26
Q

The atomic number of an atom equals the number of ____ and the mass number equals the _____

A. weight of all electrons; number of protons plus neutrons
B. number of protons; weight of all the electrons
C. number of neutrons plus protons; number of electrons
D. number of protons; number of protons plus neutrons

A

D. number of protons; number of protons plus neutrons

27
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A. the process by which a cell membrane engulfs solid particles
B. the process by which a particle enters a cell by moving down its concentration gradient
C. the process by which a cell membrane engulfs droplets
D. the process by which a carrier molecule moves a substance across a cell membrane using ATP

A

A. the process by which a cell membrane engulfs solid particles

28
Q

What is osmosis?

A. movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
B. movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane to a solution containing a higher concentration of impermeant solute
C. movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane to a solution containing a lower concentration of impermeant solute
D. movement of ions from a low pressure region to a high pressure region through a selectively permeable membrane

A

B. movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane to a solution containing a higher concentration of impermeant solute

29
Q

The femoral region is ____ to the popliteal region..

A. distal
B. medial
C. proximal
D. lateral

A

C. proximal

30
Q

Which of the following correctly describes the structural organization of the cell membrane?

A. a solid, rigid layer of phospholipid with loosely bound protein molecules
B. a bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded and can move
C. rigid layers of protein molecules in which carbohydrate molecules are suspended
D. three layers; lipid on the inside, protein in the middle, and carbohydrates on the outside

A

B. a bilayer of phospholipid molecules in which protein molecules are embedded and can move

31
Q

What is the chemical formula H2O refers to?

A. an atom with two hydrogen molecules and one oxygen molecule
B. an atom with one hydrogen molecule and two oxygen molecules
C. a molecule that contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
D. a molecule that contains one hydrogen atom and two oxygen atoms

A

C. a molecule that contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom

32
Q

When an acid and a base interact during a chemical reaction to produce water and a salt, a type of reaction called a _____ reaction has occurred.

A. synthesis
B. decomposition
C. exchange

A

C. exchange

33
Q

The upper midportion of the abdomen is called the ______ region

A. hypochondriac
B. iliac
C. hypogastric
D. epigastric

A

D. epigastric

34
Q

Matter is composed of elements which, in turn, are composed of __________

A. atoms
B. inorganic molecules
C. organic molecules
D. chemicals

A

A. atoms

35
Q

Which of the following processes is the most important to the continuation of the human species?

A. responsiveness
B. movement
C. reproduction
D. respiration

A

C. reproduction

36
Q

A cell is surrounded by an extremely thin, flexible membrane. Why is the membrane selectively permeable?

A. it allows all substances to pass through, making it easier to absorb nutrients
B. it allows all organic substances to pass through, but excludes all inorganic substances that could be harmful
C. it allows some substances to pass through and excludes others based on size, polarity, and other factors
D. it does not allow any substances to pass through as they could damage the cell

A

C. it allows some substances to pass through and excludes others based on size, polarity, and other factors

37
Q

What is the effect of a positive feedback mechanism?

A. it causes long-term changes
B. it moves conditions away from the normal state
C. it brings conditions back to the normal state
D. it produces stable conditions

A

B. it moves conditions away from the normal state

38
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A. to direct the activities of the cell
B. to form mitochondria
C. to transfer energy
D. to provide shape to the cell

A

A. to direct the activities of the cell

39
Q

Chloride ions follow their concentration gradient, but require a membrane protein for passage. Which transport method is occurring??

A. diffusion
B. active transport
C. pinocytosis
D. facilitated diffusion

A

D. facilitated diffusion

40
Q

During which phase of mitosis do centromeres of replicated chromosomes separate?

A. prophase
B. metaphase
C. anaphase
D. telophase

A

C. anaphase

41
Q

What is the anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface?

A. anterior
B. proximal
C. superficial
D. superior

A

C. superficial

42
Q

How does one isotope of a particular element differ from another of the same element?

A. the isotopes have different numbers of protons
B. the isotopes have different atomic numbers
C. the isotopes have different numbers of electrons
D. the isotopes have different mass numbers

A

D. the isotopes have different mass numbers

43
Q

Nitrogenous bases are components of what type of molecule?

A. nucleic acids
B. proteins
C. carbohydrates
D. lipids

A

A. nucleic acids

44
Q

What occurs to form a covalent bond?

A. one atom loses electrons and another atom gains electrons
B. atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
C. oppositely charged atoms are attracted to one another
D. like-charged atoms repel each other

A

B. atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

45
Q

Which of the following lists best illustrates increasing levels of complexity?

A. cells, tissues, organelles, organs, organ systems
B. tissues, cells, organs, organ systems
C. organs, organelles, organ systems, cells, tissues
D. organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

A

D. organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

46
Q

Nucleic acids include ____

A. proteins and DNA
B. RNA and DNA
C. enzymes and RNA
D. steroids and triglycerides

A

B. RNA and DNA

47
Q

Which organelle contains the nucleolus?

A. the mitochondrion
B. the endoplasmic reticulum
C. the golgi apparatus
D. the nucleus

A

D. the nucleus

48
Q

About how many cells constitute the adult human body?

A. 50 to 100 million
B. 50 to 100 billion
C. 50 to 100 trillion
D. 50 to 100 quadrillion

A

C. 50 to 100 trillion

49
Q

What is assimilation?

A. the changing of absorbed substances into different chemical forms
B. the breaking down of foods into nutrients that the body can absorb
C. the elimination of waste from the body
D. the increase in body size without a change in overall shape

A

A. the changing of absorbed substances into different chemical forms

50
Q

Which of the following found in the nucleus, serves as the cells “mitotic clock”?

A. telomeres
B. kinases
C. ribosomes
D. hormones

A

A. telomeres

BIO 137 (5 decks)

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