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BIO 137 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following are cellular fragments?

A. red blood cells
B. white blood cells
C. lymphocytes
D. blood platelets

A

D. blood platelets

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2
Q

The skin along with structures such as nails, hair, and sweat glands are part of the ______

A. integumentary system
B. dermis
C. subcutaneous tissue
D. exoskeleton

A

A. integumentary system

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3
Q

What term describes a burn affecting only the epidermis?

A. superficial partial-thickness burn
B. deep partial-thickness burn
C. full thickness burn

A

A. superficial partial-thickness burn

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4
Q

Histology is the study of _________

A. organ function
B. molecules
C. cells
D. tissues

A

D. tissues

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5
Q

Which of the following describes an enzyme?

A. a compound that is changed into a product during a chemical reaction
B. a catalyst for a chemical reaction
C. the end products of a chemical reaction
D. a compound that stores energy within its chemical bonds

A

B. a catalyst for a chemical reaction

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6
Q

The membranes of the blood-brain barrier need to be fused, preventing any substances from entering and/or escaping between cells. The type of intercellular junction best suited for this need is an _________

A. desmosome
B. gap junction
C. tight junction
D. ion channel

A

C. tight junction

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7
Q

What is the function of the dendritic cells of the epidermis?

A. they are tough, waterproof cells that allow the skin to be a tough dry barrier
B. they serve as sensory receptors, detecting light touch
C. they produce a pigment that gives the skin its color and helps to protect DNA from UV radiation
D. they are phagocytic and help in triggering an immune response to any invading microbes

A

D. they are phagocytic and help in triggering an immune response to any invading microbes

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8
Q

What nitrogenous base is part of DNA, but not RNA?

A. uracil
B. thymine
C. guanine
D. cytosine

A

B. thymine

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9
Q

blood vessels in the ______ supply epidermal cells with nutrients

A. epidermis
B. dermis
C. stratum basale
D. hair follicle

A

B. dermis

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10
Q

Which of the following is an example of catabolism?

A. decrease in the rate of glycogenesis
B. increase in muscle tissue with exercise
C. formation of secretary proteins in the pancreas
D. breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm and mitochondria

A

D. breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm and mitochondria

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11
Q

What molecule is produced by cells in order to store glucose?

A. glycogen
B. glycerol
C. pyruvic acid
D. triglyceride

A

A. glycogen

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12
Q

When does synthesis of a polypeptide chain stop?

A. when the last anticodon on tRNA is encountered
B. when the end of the DNA strand is reached
C. when any of three specific codons are encountered in the mRNA
D. when the ribosome becomes fatigued

A

C. when any of three specific codons are encountered in the mRNA

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13
Q

The smooth muscle cells of the digestive tract need to send electrical signals between each other to contract in unison. The type of intercellular junction best suited for this need is_________.

A. a desmosome
B. a gap junction
C. a tight junction
D. found in the blood-brain barrier

A

B. a gap junction

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14
Q

What forms the shafts of hair?

A. live dermal cells
B. dead epidermal cells
C. live epidermal cells
D. dead dermal cells

A

B. dead epidermal cells

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15
Q

What determines the color of skin?

A. the number of melanocytes in the epidermis
B. the thickness of the epidermis
C. the amount of melanin that melanocytes produce
D. the density of hair

A

C. the amount of melanin that melanocytes produce

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16
Q

Epithelial membranes are composed of what two tissue types?

A. connective tissue and underlying muscle tissue
B. epithelium and underlying connective tissue
C. connective tissue and underlying epithelium
D. epithelium and underlying muscle tissue

A

B. epithelium and underlying connective tissue

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17
Q

What layer of the epidermis is absent from the skin?

A. stratum lucidum
B. stratum granulosum
C. stratum corneum
D. stratum basale

A

A. stratum lucidum

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18
Q

How do merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine secretions differ?

A. in the locations of the glands that produce them
B. in the number of cells that secrete
C. in the amount of cytoplasm secreted along with the glandular product
D. in the amount of glycoprotein secreted with the glandular product

A

C. in the amount of cytoplasm secreted along with the glandular product

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19
Q

In assembling amino acids to form a protein, water molecules are released. This is an example of what type of reaction?

A. dehydration synthesis
B. hydrolysis

A

A. dehydration synthesis

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20
Q

What is true about the anaerobic reactions of cellular respirations?

A. glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water
B. oxygen is required for the reactions to proceed
C. energy is transferred to ATP molecules
D. the enzymes for the reactions are embedded in the inner mitochondrial membranes

A

C. energy is transferred to ATP molecules

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21
Q

Elastic connective tissue is found in__________

A. bones
B. walls of blood vessels
C. cartilage
D. ligaments and tendons

A

B. walls of blood vessels

22
Q

Humans require vitamins in their diets. What is a major function of these vitamins in the body?

A. to provide energy
B. to be used as building blocks for lipids
C. to bond to minerals and help in their transport
D. to act as coenzyme

A

D. to act as coenzyme

23
Q

Arrector pili muscles are attached to what feature of the skin>

A. nail beds
B. sebaceous glands
C. stratum corneum
D. hair follicles

A

D. hair follicles

24
Q

When does DNA replication occur?

A. when a cell needs energy
B. during transcription
C. during interphase of the cell cycle
D. during translation

A

C. during interphase of the cell cycle

25
Q

What is a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold environment?

A. dermal blood vessels constrict
B. sweat glands become active
C. smooth muscles relax
D. dermal blood vessels dilate

A

A. dermal blood vessels constrict

26
Q

Which muscle tissues are under involuntary control?

A. smooth muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue
B. cardiac muscle tissue and skeletal muscle tissue
C. smooth muscle tissue and cardiac muscle tissue
D. smooth muscle tissue, skeletal muscle tissue, and cardiac muscle tissue

A

C. smooth muscle tissue and cardiac muscle tissue

27
Q

Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with what structures?

A. hair, melanocytes, and keratinocytes
B. bone, tendons, and muscles
C. adipose and reticular tissue
D. muscles, glands, and sensory receptors

A

D. muscles, glands, and sensory receptors

28
Q

Cells that reside in specific connective tissue type for an extended period of time are called ______ cells

A. wandering
B. transitional
C. fixed
D. stem

A

C. fixed

29
Q

Name the process by which an mRNA strand is built using a DNA sequence as a template

A. translation
B. dehydration synthesis
C. replication
D. transcription

A

D. transcription

30
Q

A serous membrane consists of a which two tissue types?

A. layer of simple squamous epithelium and a thin layer of areolar tissue
B. layer of pseudostratified epithelium and a thick layer of areolar tissue
C. layer of simple squamous epithelium and a thick layer of dense connective tissue
D. layer of simple squamous epithelium and a thick layer of cartilage

A

A. layer of simple squamous epithelium and a thin layer of areolar tissue

31
Q

What does the term metabolism refer to?

A. the reactions in the body that synthesizes proteins and nucleic acids
B. the reactions in the body that breakdown proteins and nucleic acids
C. all of the chemical reactions in the body
D. the breakdown of glucose molecules to release energy

A

C. all of the chemical reactions in the body

32
Q

Injections that are administered into the tissues of the skin are called _______ injections

A. subcutaneous
B. intradermal
C. intramuscular
D. hypodermic

A

B. intradermal

33
Q

The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and many of the urinary passageways is ______

A. cuboidal epithelium
B. transitional epithelium
C. pseudostratified epithelium
D. columnar epithelium

A

B. transitional epithelium

34
Q

Sweating results in loss of body heat by what means?

A. convection
B. conduction
C. evaporation
D. radiation

A

C. evaporation

35
Q

Name the tough fibrous protein that is responsible for the waterproof nature of skin

A. keratin
B. melanin
C. vitamin d
D. collagen

A

A. keratin

36
Q

Molecules that function to increase the rate of chemical reactions are called _______

A. hormones
B. substrates
C. enzymes
D. mutagens

A

C. enzymes

37
Q

What is the function of ATP molecules in living cells?

A. they contain genetic material
B. their energy is used in various cell processes
C. they act as coenzymes so that fats can be synthesized
D. they are an integral part of the cell membrane, important in transporting organic molecules

A

B. their energy is used in various cell processes

38
Q

What type of muscle cells have more than one nuclei?

A. smooth muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells
B. cardiac muscle cells and smooth muscle cells
C. skeletal muscle cells only
D. smooth muscle cells only

A

C. skeletal muscle cells only

39
Q

Why is protein synthesis so important to the body?

A. enzymes are proteins and enzymes are essential to metabolism
B. proteins store energy for metabolic reactions
C. proteins encode genetic sequences
D. the diet does not provide the building blocks of protein

A

A. enzymes are proteins and enzymes are essential to metabolism

40
Q

What molecule carries energy in a form that a cell can use?

A. glucose
B. glycogen
C. vitamin c
D. ATP

A

D. ATP

41
Q

How might merocrine sweat glands be described?

A. most common in the armpits and groin
B. secrete in response to elevated body temperature
C. secrete in response to emotional stress
D. usually associated with hair follicles

A

B. secrete in response to elevated body temperature

42
Q

What type of glands secrete breast milk and ear wax?

A. modified sebaceous glands
B. modified apocrine sweat glands
C. modified merocrine sweat glands
D. modified endocrine glands

A

B. modified apocrine sweat glands

43
Q

What is the genetic code?

A. correlation between a sequence of three DNA nucleotides and a specific amino acid
B. correlation between a DNA nucleotide and an RNA nucleotide
C. correlation between a gene and a genome
D. correlation between a specific amino acid and a specific gene on a specific chromosome

A

A. correlation between a sequence of three DNA nucleotides and a specific amino acid

44
Q

Which of the following structures would be affected the most by a deficiency in collagen?

A. the liver and spleen
B. the epidermis of the skin
C. the lining of the small intestines
D. the bones

A

D. the bones

45
Q

The skin, as an organ, is also referred to as the _____

A. epidermis
B. cutaneous membrane
C. stratum corneum
D. epithelium

A

B. cutaneous membrane

46
Q

What is the cause of cyanosis?

A. a buildup of cyanide in the skin
B. low blood oxygen levels
C. excess of carotene in the diet
D. excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation

A

B. low blood oxygen levels

47
Q

What is the order of epidermal strata, from superficial to deep?

A. corneum; lucidum; granulosum; spinosum; basale
B. basale; spinosum; granulosum; lucidum; corneum
C. corneum; granulosum; spinosum; lucidum; basale
D. basale; lucidum; spinosum; granulosum; corneum

A

A. corneum; lucidum; granulosum; spinosum; basale

48
Q

Which of the following are found within areolar tissue?

A. many adipocytes filled with fat
B. collagenous fibers; elastic fibers; and gel-like ground substance
C. chondrocytes and lacunae
D. osteocytes, osteoblasts, and canaliculi

A

B. collagenous fibers; elastic fibers; and gel-like ground substance

49
Q

Why does exposure to ultraviolet light darken the skin?

A. it stimulates the synthesis of melanin
B. it stimulates the production of keratinocytes
C. it stimulates the synthesis of keratin
D. it stimulates proliferation of papillae

A

A. it stimulates the synthesis of melanin

50
Q

What occurs during DNA replication?

A. molecules of tRNA bring specific amino acids to a ribosome to build an mRNA strand
B. two single strands of DNA come together, restoring complementary base pairing
C. amino acids are joined to form a peptide chain
D. new nucleotides are assembled into a DNA strand that is complementary to the existing DNA strand

A

D. new nucleotides are assembled into a DNA strand that is complementary to the existing DNA strand

BIO 137 (5 decks)

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