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exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

long term effects of substance use

A

substance use disorder
psychological dependence
physical dependence

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2
Q

short term effects of substance use

A

intoxication
potential hallucinations

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3
Q

2 forms of physical dependence

A

tolerance and withdrawl

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4
Q

substance use criteria

A
  • take in larger amounts over a longer period of time than intented
  • persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down on use
  • time spent in activities necessary to obtain substance
  • unable to fulfill obligations
  • continues use depsite consequences
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5
Q

highest rate of substance use in

A

native Americans
lowest in asian americans

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6
Q

depressants

A

slows activity of the central nervous system
-reduce tension and inhibitions

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7
Q

3 most widely used depressants

A

sedative-hypnotic drugs
opioids
alcohol

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8
Q

binge drinking

A

occurs when people drink five or more drinks on a single occasion

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9
Q

how does alcohol work

A

binds to neurons, helps GABA shut down neurons and causes relaxation

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10
Q

stimulants

A

increase activity in central nervous system
- causes increase in blood pressure, heart rate, alertness

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11
Q

common stimulants

A

cocaine
amphetamines
caffeine
nicotine

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12
Q

caffeine acts as a stimulant by

A

producing releases of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine

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13
Q

hallucinogens

A

produce delusions hallucinations, other sensory distortions

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14
Q

sociocultural views for substance use

A

family environment
social environment
cultural back ground
stressful socioeconomic conditions

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15
Q

psychological causes: cognitive behavioral view

A

Self: medication hypothesis - deal with unpleasant symptoms and turn to medication.

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16
Q

psychological causes: behaviorist

A

operant conditioning - actions that are followed by reinforcement will be strengthened and more likely to occur again in the future
- increase the likelihood of drinking because it relaxes, decreases feelings, decreases social anxiety, increases consequences

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17
Q

psychological causes: cognitive theorist

A

rewards produce expectancy that substances will be rewarding

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18
Q

biological view of substance use

A

genetic predisposition
- dopamine 2 receptor gene

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19
Q

biological views: biochemical factors

A

dopamine
incentive - sensitization theory
reward - deficiency syndrome

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20
Q

stages of change

A
  1. precontemplation = dont think you have a problem
  2. contemplation: acknowledge that there is a problem but doesn’t do anything about it
  3. preparation = planning for behavior change
  4. action - doing it
  5. maintenance = consistently doing the plan
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21
Q

types of therapy ; behavioral therapy

A

classical and operant conditioning
- aversion therapy, contingency management

-doesnt really work for substance use

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22
Q

types of therapy : cognitive behavioral therapy

A

self control strategies
- ABC
- antecedents - environment, seeing others drink
behaviors - drinking
consqeunces - hungover, anxiety, work and relationship issues

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23
Q

types of therapy : biological therapy for substance abuse

A

detoxification
aversion therapy drugs
drug maintenance therapy - hard drugs
usually not enough on your own

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24
Q

types of therapy: sociocultural approaches for substance abuse

A

self-help programs - can be incredibly helpful if you find the right one
community prevention programs - DARE

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25
Q

abstinence-only therapy

A

abstain from all substances

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26
Q

Harm Reduction

A

seeks to reduce the health and social harms associated with addiction and substance use, without necessarily requiring people who use substances from abstaining or stopping.

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27
Q

psychosis

A

a state defined by loss of contact with reality
hallucinations - sensory
delusions - thoughts and beliefs

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28
Q

criteria for schizophrenia

A

delusions
hallucinations
disorganized speech
grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
negative symptoms
present for at least 6 months
not due to other physical or psychological causes

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29
Q

what class is schizophrenia highest in

A

poverty

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30
Q

downward drift theory

A

people drift downward into poverty once they are diagnosed with schizophrenia

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31
Q

stress of poverty theory

A

those who are more stressed will develop the disorder
-those who are in poverty are more stressed

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32
Q

three phases of schizophrenia

A

prodromal
active
residual

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33
Q

prodromal

A

early signs and symptoms, don’t know the difference between hallucinations and reality

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34
Q

active

A

psychotic break

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35
Q

residual

A

remaining symptoms - looks like prodomal

36
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia:

A

additions of not typical behaviors
-things you do in a psychosis that you dont do normally
- delusions
- disordered thinking and speech - neologism (making up words) clang - combining words that sound the same (rope and soap)

37
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

take away things you do normally experience but arent
- reduce words in talking when usually talkative
- restricted affect - almost robotic like
- loss of volition - lack of motivtion
- social withdrawal

38
Q

psychomotor symptoms of schizophrenia

A

awkward movements
repeated grimances
odd gestures
extreme form of catatonia - rigidity, lack of repsonsivness

39
Q

common delusions

A

being controlled
persecution
grandjur - belief you are special

40
Q

who is most likely to recover?

A

those who seek treatment early
those who have support
abrupt onset
later onset
onset caused by stress

41
Q

cause of schizophrenia: biological

A

genetics
abnormal brain structure - smaller amounts of grey matter, abnormal flow to the brain, smaller temporal and frontal lobes

42
Q

cause of schizophrenia: psychological

A

cognitive model suggest that schizophrenia may be caused by problems with attention, memory, and reasoning because of symptoms

Behavioral explanation: operant conditioning/ reinforcement - paying attention to your abnormal behaviors so they keep acting like that because it gives you the attention you want

psychodynamic = cold mothers

43
Q

cause of schizophrenia: socio cultural

A
  1. multicultural factors: race and ethnicity differences
  2. unintentional bias - women more likely to ve diagnostic
  3. beliefs
  4. differences in race and ethnicity and poverty levels
    pregnancy complications - prenatal exposure to viruses likelihood increases if mothers have certain illnesses
44
Q

type 1 schizophrenia

A

dominated by positive symptoms - usually dopamine abnormalties

45
Q

type 2 schizophrenia

A

dominated by negative symptoms - usually brain structure abnormalites

46
Q

social labeling of schizophrenia

A

suggests that the features of schizophrenia are influenced by the diagnosis itself

47
Q

treatment for antipsychotic medication

A

antipsychotic medication - neuroleptics and antipsychotic

48
Q

first gen anti psychotic

A

neuroleptics
- decrease in dopamine in certain areas in the brain

49
Q

which medication is good for positive symptoms

A

neuroleptics

50
Q

downside of neuroleptics

A

serious side effects- tardive dyskinesia = tick like movement, motor side effects like tremors

51
Q

2nd generation medication for schizophrenia

A

antipsychotic
lower risk of side effects
works better with negative symptoms
does more than just effect dopamine

52
Q

psychotherapy

A

medication and psychotherapy
can be combined w family therapy or acceptance and commitment therapy

53
Q

community approach to treating schizophrenia

A

medication
psychotherapy
help in daily functioning
guidance in decision making

54
Q

RAISE initiative

A

recovery after an initial schizophrenia episode
- community based treatment

55
Q

personality

A

set of uniquely expressed characteristics that impact our whole lives

56
Q

3 ps of personality

A

persisted, pervasive pathological

57
Q

persisted

A

has been the same across time

58
Q

pervasive

A

across situations w rigidity and lack of flexibility

59
Q

pathological

A

problematic behaviors

60
Q

clusters of personality disorders

A
  1. old or eccentric behavior: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, personality disorder
  2. dramatic emotional erratic: antisocial, borderline, narcissistic personality
  3. anxious or fearful behaviors; avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
61
Q

“odd” personality disorders

A

display symptoms somewhat similar to schizophrenia but not as extensive

62
Q

paranoid personality disorder - odd personality

A

deep distrust and suspicion of others
remain cold and distant
critical weakness and fault in others
unable to recognize their own mistakes, sensitive to criticism
often blames others for problems
- more men then women

63
Q

schizotypal personality disorder

A

range of interpersonal problems, including extreme discomfort in case relationships
-odd ways of thinking
- magical thinking
- difficulty w attentional focus and keeping conversations on track
- resembles schizophrenia but less extensive

64
Q

schizoid personality disorder

A

do not want social relationships
limited emotional expression
disconnected emotionally want to be alone
no distress
- content with how they feel

65
Q

dramatic personalities

A

Histronic, narcissistic, borderline, antisocial
- dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors, difficulty in relationships

66
Q

histronic

A

characterized by highly dramatic, emotional, and high attention seeking - displays emotion inapproprately
-vain, self centered, demanding

67
Q

narcassistic

A

marked by grandiosity, and a need for admiration, lack of empathy and exaggeration of achievements and talents
- typically express ideas that they are better than others, more deserving then others, more talented
-often take advantage of others, because they believe they are deserving

68
Q

causes of dramatic personality disorders: sociocultural

A

disorder is higher in those who need to present themselves in big ways (CEO)

69
Q

causes of dramatic personality disorders: psychodynamic

A

the disorder is more present in children who were abused
if needs weren’t met as a child - it led to insecurity which led to a built facade that they are better than everyone

70
Q

causes of dramatic personality disorders: cognitive behavioral

A

kids who are over-praised can develop this because they dont know how to deal with failure

71
Q

treatment of dramatic personality disorders

A

difficult to treat,
often attempts to manipulate therapist into supporting sense of superiority

72
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

psychopaths, sociopaths
- persistent disregard for others rights
- lies, reckless behavior, impulsivity, cruel behaviors

73
Q

what disorder is the most linked to criminal behavior

A

antisocial personality disorder

74
Q

causes of antisocial personality disorder; psychodynamic

A

higher risk in children w adhd and conduct disorder
- abscence of parental love, therefore lack of basic trust for relationship

75
Q

causes of antisocial personality disorder: behavioral

A

learned through modeling or unintentionally reinforced

76
Q

causes of antisocial personality disorder; cognitive

A

hold maladaptive thoughts that trivialize the importance of other peoples needs

77
Q

causes of antisocial personality disorder; biological

A

low levels of serotonin, deficient frontal lobe, functioning in the brain, lower levels of anxiety

78
Q

treatment of antisocial personality disorder

A

cognitive therapy attempts to guide clients to think about moral issues and needs of others

79
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

instability of mood: large emotional shifts
- high reactivity
instability of self-image - difficulty in establishing and maintaining identity
instability in maintaining relationships

80
Q

causes of borderline personality disorder: external factors

A

trauma
not getting needs appropriately
being reinforced for problematic behaviors early

81
Q

treatment used for borderline personality disorder

A

contemporary psychodynamic therapy focuses on relational patterns and working through trauma
- dialectical behavior therapy

82
Q

dialectical behavior therapy

A

a mix of variety of treatments but mainly cognitive and behavioral
4 aspects: 1. mindfulness
2. emotional regulation skills
3. interpersonal skills
4. distress tolerance skills

83
Q

anxious personality disorder

A

behavior is anxious and fearful
uncomfortable and inhibited in social situations

84
Q

dependent personality disorder

A

Pervasive, excessive need to be taken care of
* “Clingy,” obedient, fear separation, indecisive
* Central feature is a difficulty with separation

85
Q

obessive compusive personality disorder

A

Highly rigid, inflexible, preoccupied with order and perfection and control

abnormal psych (5 decks)

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