exam 3 Flashcards
`stress disorders in dsm 5
acute stress disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
interpersonal trauma
pain is inflicted upon you
non interpersonal trauma
natural disorder
witness vs experienced
witness - you watched it happen
experienced - you were involved, happened to you
biere and spinazzola continumm of trauma
less complex= event occurred in adulthood, single event, contained event, health nervous system, healthy childhood development
more complex = event occurred in childhood, multiple events, chronic trauma, unhealthy nervous system, unhealthy childhood development, stigmatized form of trauma
which 2 disorders have the same symptoms but different durations
PTSD and acute stress disorder
PTSD criteria
- trauma
- intrusive symptoms
- avoidance of things related to trauma
- alterations in cognitions and mood
- occurs for more than a month
- must cause clincally significant distress or impairment
- cant be attributed to substance use or other medical conditions
- alterations in arousal and reactivity
common traumas for PTSD
combat, natural disasters, accidents, vicitimization, terroism
risk factors for stress disorders
survivors biological process
personalities
childhood experiences - trauma, poverty
social support systems
severity of trauma
high risk personality
neurotransmitter affected by stress disorders
norephephrine
hormone affected by stress disorder
cortisol
brain region affected by stress disorder
amygdala and hippocampus
PTSD treatment
empowerment
ending physiological stress reactions
gaining perspective on experience
increasing ability to move on
biological treatments of stress disorders
SSRIs
therapy
anti anxiety
relaxation training
add on treatment
yoga and animal-assisted therapy
trauma-informed treatments
somatic disorders
disorders focusing on somatic (physical symptoms)
-symptoms caused by psychological factors
or actual somatic symptoms cause excessive anxiety concern
both somatic and dissociative disorders
both occur from stress
both involve escape from stress
both can co occur
treatments are similar
malingering
intentionally fake or exaggerating symptoms to gain something external or avoid something external
disorders focusing on somatic symptoms
- factitious disorder - faking symptoms or illness
- factitious disorder imposed on another- munchausen by poroxy
- conversion disorder - physical symptoms but no explanation
- somatic symptom disorder
- illness anxiety disorder
conversion DSM criteria
- one or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensroy function
- clinical findings provide evidence of incompatability between the symptom and recognized neurological or medical condition
- symptom not better explained by another physical or mental condition
- causes distress or impairment or warrants medical evaluation
common symptoms of conversion disorder
weakness in limbs, impaired vision
very hard to diagnosis = 1. distinguish, 2. distinguish from other disorders 3. distinguish from other medical conditions
- common in women
- typically appears suddenly at times of stress
- age onset is typically late childhood and young adult
la belle indifference
those with disorder are unusually unconcerned with their symptoms
conversion disorder causes
primary gain = keeping unconscious conflict unconcious
secondary gain = extra stuff (attention, relief from responsbilites
behavioral view of causes of conversion disorder
positive and negative reinforcement
cognitive view of conversion disorder
symptoms are a way of expressing difficult emotions
multicultural view of conversion disorder
somatic symptoms are a valid way of dealing with emotion, this is normal in many non western cultures
brain functioning theory
compared brain function of people with conversion disorder and those without
- look at motor-related symptoms
-different areas of brain light up if you are faking and those who actually experience symptoms
Treatment of conversion disorder
psychodynamic theory
suggestion
confrontation
behavioral exposure therapy
drug therapy
reinforcment
dissociative disorders are
disruption in our identity and memories
- sometimes people experience a disruption memory
dissociative amnesia
loss of memory due to trauma, stress, inability to recall info that we should remember
dissociative fugue
extreme form of amnesia - dont know who you are , where you are etc
DID symptoms
- disruption in identity
- recurrent gaps in recall of everyday events, important personal information
and traumatic events - distress impairment
- not due to substance use or another medical condition
DID onset
diagnosis late adolescence or early adulthood
onset before age 5
mostly women diagnosed
-formally personality disorder
psychodynamic cause of DID
repression of memories
research - doesnt explain why people who experience trauma go this route and others dont
behavioral view of DID
operant conditioning - momentary forgetting trauma is met with unpleasant feeling going away
- negative reinforcement
state dependent learning (rigid memory system)
memories are easier to remember when we are in the same state the event occured
DID treatment steps
- recognizing the disorder
- recovery memories
- integrating subpersonalities
- coping and maintenance
DSM 5 criteria for depersonalization/derealization
recurrent episodes of unreality, detachment, or being outside oberver
- distress or impairment
- not due to something else
derealization
detachment with respect to surroundings
- can be part of PTSD and panic disorder
Treatment for Depersonalization
medication doesnt help
-mindfulness
- elevating depression and anxiety - can use medicine
eating disorders
anorexia, binge eating disorder, bullimia nervosa
eating disorder NOS
when you don’t fit categories but there is clearly a problem
anorexia nervosa criteria
restriction of energy intake relative to what is needed
-intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, or engage in behaviors that interfere with appropriate weight gain
-associated with low body fat
anorexia characteristics
mostly female between 14-18 yrs
recovery is 1/3 rule - 1/3 recover, 1/3 recovery and relapse, 1/3 dont recover
bullimia nervosa criteria
recurrent episodes of binge eating (excessive eating and feeling out of control)
- recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain - purging, excessive exercise or periods of fasting
bulimia charateristics
mostly females age 15-21 yrs
may last for several years
can come as a response to high stress situation
eating disorder health issues
nutritional issues
anorexia complications - most issues come from low body weight, stop menstrating and slow HR
bulimia complications - back and forth relationship is problamatic, poor dental health, stomach issues, dehydration
similarities between bulimia and anorexia
depression, anxiety, self esteem
perfectionism
OCD
control
increase suicide risk
begin after dieting
bulimia has
decrease impulse control
decrease frustration tolerance
increase mood swings
increase irriability
eating disorder causes
- psychodynamic: unconscious conflict and early experience - parents fail to meet accurate needs
- cognitive theory - misinterpretation of the world around you - self judgement is based on the size and shape of your body
- depression - eating disorders are a type of manifestation of depression
- societal pressures - sociocultural and gender
biological cause of eating disorders
genetics
treatment for eating disorders
- address medical needs
- psychological treatment - family therapy, individual therapy, group therapy
- multidisciplinary - therapy + other doctors involved too
bulimia treatment
eliminate purge treatments
establish good eating habits
relapse in bulimia is most common in
- people with a history of symptoms
- self induce vomiting as a compensatory behavior
- history of substance abuse
- have lingering interpersonal difficulties
