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abnormal psych > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

4 D’s

A
  1. deviance
  2. distress
  3. dysfunction
  4. danger
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2
Q

deviance

A

different, extreme, unusual - away from baseline

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3
Q

distress

A

unpleasant and upsetting to the person (anxiety)

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4
Q

dysfunction

A

interferring with the persons ability to conduct daily activities in a constuctive way

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5
Q

danger

A

posing risk or harm

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6
Q

limitations for deviance

A
  1. cultural differences
  2. cut off points- whats considered norml
  3. reason - disorder (mental) or disease
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7
Q

limitations for distress

A
  1. grief
  2. school stress
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8
Q

limitations of dysfunction

A
  1. disability/ physical impairment
  2. hangover
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9
Q

limitations for danger

A

most disorders arent dangerous
speeding, smoking

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10
Q

demonological model

A

anything super natural
-mental disorders is witch craft or being prossessed

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11
Q

medical model

A

backed by medicine

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12
Q

asylums (15-20th centuries)

A

psychiatric hospitals how vs how their were
-basic needs were neglected

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13
Q

moral therapy movement

A

if you treat people and them happy, they will get better

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14
Q

deinstitutionalizations

A

start to get medications that people can take to help- outside insitutions
-push to get out of hosptials

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15
Q

1960 community health act

A

local low cost options for people to get treatment within their communties
-cost a lot of money

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16
Q

challenges of research

A

ethical and validity

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17
Q

ethical issues

A

rights of participants
-informed consent
-condidentiality
-experimental research

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18
Q

internal validity

A

cause and effect

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19
Q

external validity

A

generalizability - do they look like real world results
- how well do they apply to real people

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20
Q

qualitative method

A

interview and case studies

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21
Q

quantitative method

A

statistics

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22
Q

sample

A

small group taken from population
the participant use for study
-random assigment

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23
Q

variable

A

the particular attribute that is being researched

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24
Q

population

A

entire group that is interested in learning the experience tested

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25
Q

random selection

A

everyone has an equal chance at being selected
-increases external validity

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26
Q

correlational mehod

A

measures degree to which events or characterisitics vary with each other

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27
Q

benefits of correlation

A

-replicable
-generalizability
-gives equal ideas for future
-allows for studying things that cannot be manipulated

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28
Q

correlation does not have good ____ validity

A

internal validity

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29
Q

problems with correlations

A

directionality
third variable problem

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30
Q

experimental method

A

supports causation when well done
- one variable is manipulated and the effect on another variable is observed

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31
Q

manipulated variable

A

independent variable

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32
Q

variable being observed

A

dependent variable

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33
Q

3 ways to guard against confounds

A
  1. control group - no treatment
  2. random assignment = equal chance be in either group
  3. blind design
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34
Q

hypothesis

A

statement about the cause of event or about the relationship between 2 events

35
Q

analogue experiement

A

involves stimulating a real life situation under controlled conditions

36
Q

attrition

A

some people drop out over time

37
Q

cross sectional study

A

involves examining different groups of people at one point of time

38
Q

cohort effects

A

children in different ages are raised at different eras

39
Q

goal of random assignment

A

elimate pre existing group differences

40
Q

matched groups

A

use variables and match based on variables w equal number of people in each variable

41
Q

prevalance

A

total number of cases in a given period

42
Q

incidence

A

number of new cases that emerge in a given period

43
Q

kinship studies

A

used to determine genetic factors in disorders

44
Q

concordance rates

A

% likelihood that you will be diagnosed with a disorder if a family member has it

45
Q

family studies

A

look at people over time (family tree)

46
Q

adoptee studies

A

the strongest kineship study
-compare pairs of persons, e.g., adopted child and adoptive mother or adopted child and b

47
Q

model of abnormality

A

set of assumptions about where mental health disorders, why they exist

48
Q

biological perspective

A

medical model
- look at anatomy and chemistry
-genetic causes

49
Q

strength of biological perspective

A
  1. lots of research
  2. treatments actually work
50
Q

weakness of biological perspective

A

side effects of treatment
over relied upon

51
Q

psychodynamic model

A

oldest model
-development stages
-persons personality behvavior is based on dynamic forces
- structures of identity (id, ego, superego)
- defense mechanisms

52
Q

therapies for psychodynamic model

A

insight oriented
traditional pyschoanalysis
-fee asscociation

53
Q

defense mechanism

A

1.denial
2. rationalzing
3. displacement
4. reaction formation
5. sublimation

54
Q

denial

A

refusing to acceptance something threatening

55
Q

rationalization

A

justifying unacceptable behavior

56
Q

displacement

A

directing impulses toward threatening objects into less threatening objects

57
Q

reaction formation

A

taking opposite position of threatening impulses

58
Q

sublimation

A

channeling impulse into more acceptable behaviors
(art - putting emotions into painting)

59
Q

strengths of cognitive model

A

make sense to clients
-recognizable and portable and can research
- effective

60
Q

weaknesses to cognitive model

A

we dont know exactly what role cognitive plays into our mental health
-sometimes therapy doesnt help everyone
-not the right thing to change cognitive thoughts

61
Q

ABC approuch

A

A= activiting event
b= belief
c= consequences

62
Q

cognitive behavioral model

A

combines the cognitive model and the behavioral model to be how thoughtd and behaviors interact

63
Q

rogers humanistic approach

A

belief about self acceptance
-focus on drive to self actualization through honest and non judgment

64
Q

unconditional positive regard leads to

A

unconditional self regard

65
Q

conditional positive regard leads to

A

conditional of worth

66
Q

strength of humanistic approach

A
  1. taps into positive domain = first theory on the person and what promotes instead of elimanting distress
  2. big impact on clinical practice
67
Q

weakness of humanistic approach

A
  1. focus on abstracting issues
  2. rejected theory at first - way to simplistic
68
Q

sociocultural model

A

argue that abnormal belief is best understood in light of social and cultural forces that influence on individual

69
Q

sociocultural model is comprised as 2 major perspectives

A
  1. family social perspective
  2. cultural perspective
70
Q

social explantion and family explanation

A

social explanations and social labels and roles - being labeled can make symptoms worses
-social connections and supports

and family structures and roles

71
Q

culture

A

set of values, attitudes, beliefs, history, and behaviors shared by a group of people

72
Q

psychodynamic therapies strengths

A

emphasize negative consquences of child maltreatment and parenting
-focus on providing better enviroment for children
-defense mechanisms

73
Q

psychodynamic therapies weakness

A

little date exists
difficult to measure

74
Q

behavioral model

A

focuesd on nuture
-concentrations on behaviors nd enviroment factors
includes classical conditioning, operate conditioning, modeling

75
Q

classical conditioning

A

unconditional stimulus = uncondition response
turns to conditional stimulus = conditioned response

76
Q

operant conditioning

A

different behaviors are reinforced which shapes on going behaviors

77
Q

positive reinforcement

A

addition of something present upon competing desired behavior

78
Q

negative reinforcement

A

removal of something unpleasant upon completed desired behavior
-do something to prevent consequence

79
Q

positive punishment

A

addition of something unpleasant upon completing undesired behavior
-putting a child into time out for hitting

80
Q

negative punishment

A

removal of something pleasant upon completing undesired behavior
-taking away a phone for lying

81
Q

behavioral therapies

A

aim to identify the behaviors that are causing problems

82
Q

id

A

portion of the personality that is present at birth
seek immediate gratification
-pleasure principle

83
Q

ego

A

organized, rational system that uses higher order thinking processes to obtain gratification
-reality principle - thinking it through

84
Q
A

abnormal psych (5 decks)

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