Exam 4

Question 1

base substitution that leads to a change in the amino acid sequence of the encoded polypeptide

Answer 1

missinse mutation

Question 2

point mutation in which a purine is interchanges with a pyrimidine, or vice versa

Answer 2

transversion

Question 3

mutation that does not alter the AA sequence of the encoded polypeptide even though the nucleotide sequence has changed

Answer 3

silent mutation

Question 4

point mutation in which one base is substituted for another

Answer 4

base substitution

Question 5

5-AACGCTAGATC-3 —> 5-AACGCTC-3

3-TTGCGATCAG-5 —> 3-TTGCGAG-5

Answer 5

deletion

Question 6

mutation that involves a change from a sense codon to a stop codon

Answer 6

nonsense mutation

Question 7

mutation that involves the addition of nucleotides not in a multiple of three and thereby alters the reading frame of the codon sequence downstream from the mutation

Answer 7

frameshift mutation

Question 8

point mutation involving a change of a pyrimidine to another (e.g., C to T) or a purine to another urine (e.g., A to G)

Answer 8

transition

Question 9

housekeeping genes require regulatory factors to function

Answer 9

false

Question 10

embryonic transcription ca be controlled through covalent attachments

Answer 10

true

Question 11

chromatin remodeling can cause heterochromatin to become euchromatin

Answer 11

true

Question 12

CpG islands are the site of _____ , which may enhance or prevent binding of regulatory transcription factors through silencing

Answer 12

methylation

Question 13

RNA that is non-coding may acts as a scaffold for protein complexes

Answer 13

true

Question 14

antisense RNA is an example of non-coding RNA

Answer 14

true

Question 15

mutations may be favorable by natural selection

Answer 15

true

Question 16

a regulatory transcription facto may be modified through

Answer 16

protein-protein interactions

Question 17

up-regualtion results n

Answer 17

increased gene expression

Question 18

highly regulated genes are typically

Answer 18

tissue-specific

Question 19

Germ-line mutations result in mosaic organisms

Answer 19

false

Question 20

a conditional mutant can thrive in all conditions

Answer 20

false

Question 21

repressors bind to

Answer 21

silencer sequences

Question 22

a nonsense mutation is not likely to be a neutral mutation

Answer 22

true

Question 23

lethal mutations are most commonly found in adults

Answer 23

false

Question 24

why is chromatin remodeling necessary?

Answer 24

so transcription factors can gain access to target sequences

Question 25

what is one way ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes can change chromatin structure?

Answer 25

evicting a histone

Question 26

which type of mutation has the potential to have the greatest effect on more cells overall?

Answer 26

germ-line mutation

Question 27

3 ways regulatory transcription factors can be modified

Answer 27

1. small-effector molecule binding
2. protein-protien interaction
3. covalent modification

Question 28

difference btwn a deleterious and lethal mutation.

Answer 28

deleterious mutation causes a detrimental effect to the phenotype.lethal mutation leads to the death of a cell

Question 29

example of a mutagen for an induced mutation

Answer 29

UV, toxins, chemicals