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Genetics > Chapter 7: Genetic Linkage > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Genetic Linkage Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chromosomes are made up of

A

DNA

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2
Q

certain units of DNA that influence an organism’s traits are known as …

A

genes

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3
Q

one chromosome has _________ of ______ on it

A

thousands, genes

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4
Q

every cell carries a copy of all your chromosomes (except _________)

A

gametes

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5
Q

genes are inherited via chromosomes passed down through….

A

meiosis

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6
Q

Mendel’s Laws of Segregation & Independent Assortment establish…..

A

a baseline for inheritance

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7
Q

Synteny

A

when 2+ genes are located on the same chromosome

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8
Q

the phenomenon in which genes that are close together on the same chromosome tend to be transmitted as a unit

A

Genetic linkage

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9
Q

What does genetic linkage violate?

A

Medel’s law of segregation

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10
Q

chromosomes can be referred to as a ________ group

A

of linkage groups = # of chromosome types

linkage
# of linkage groups = # of chromosome types

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11
Q

F1 generation was ___________

A

heterozygous

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12
Q

F2 generation showed a ratio of 15.6:1:1.4:4.5 but it should have a ratio of ________

A

9:3:3:1

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13
Q

F2 generation does not __________________

A

follow normal inheritance pattern

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14
Q

Crossing over occurs during meiosis one to

A

create genetic variation

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15
Q

Recombinant

A

combinations of alleles or traits that are not found in the true-breeding paternal generation

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16
Q

nonrecombinant

A

gamete or offspring in which no crossing over has occurred

17
Q

Genetic recombination occurs in what two ways?

A
  1. crossing over
  2. Independent assortment
18
Q

Genetic recombination can occur in __ chromosome but not __ due to ___________________

A

X, Y, size and function of the chromosome

19
Q

The likelihood of crossing over is dependent on

A

distance between two genes on a chromosome

20
Q

how do we know if the resulting genetic variation is due to crossing over or independent assortment?

A

Chi-square analysis

21
Q

Step 1 of Chi-square analysis

A

propose a hypothesis

22
Q

step 2 of Chi-square analysis

A

determine your “expected” values

23
Q

Step 3 of Chi-square analysis

A

compare observed results to the expected results.

24
Q

Null Hypothesis

A

assumes there is no real diff between the observed and expected values

25
Q

Step 4 of Chi-square analysis

A

calculate for chi-squared

26
Q

Chi-square analysis results determine

A

the distance
*the lower the number the closer together they are

27
Q

genetic mapping method used to determine the _____ _____ and ________ __ ________ of genes that are ______ to each other on the same chromosome

A

linear order, distance of separation, linked

28
Q

why is genetic mapping useful?
in praactice

A
  1. diseases
  2. breeding
  3. evolution and history
29
Q

genetic mapping relies on

A

distance

30
Q

genes close together =

A

less likely to experience crossing over

31
Q

genes far apart =

A

more likely to experience crossing over

32
Q

if many recombinant offspring are produced the genes must be

A

farther apart

33
Q

if few recombinant offspring are produced the genes must be

A

close together

34
Q

why are there nonrecombinants

A

crossing over occurs in 10% of meiosis
Its rare

35
Q

the two recombinant types of offspring can only be produced if crossing over occurred _______ the two linked genes.

A

between

36
Q

F2 recombinant offspring carry a chromosome that

A

underwent crossing over

37
Q

Map distance =

A

(# of recombinant offspring/ total # of offspring) X100

38
Q

The closer to _____% of offspring that are recombinant, the _____ accurate this mapping technique is.

A

50, less

39
Q

Mitotic recombination

A

can happen occasionally

Genetics (11 decks)

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