Exam 3

Question 1

This can be used to determine if genetic variation is due to crossing over or independent assortment

Answer 1

Chi-Square Analysis

Question 2

An organism that has n exact multiple of chromosomal sets, i.e. all sets have the same number of chromosomes

Answer 2

Euploid

Question 3

an organism with an abnormal variation in the chromosome number, i.e. not an exact multiple, ex 2n+1

Answer 3

Aneuploid

Question 4

this is another term for a chromosome

Answer 4

Linkage group

Question 5

this is the term for when a single gene has multiple effects on a phenotype

Answer 5

polyploidy

Question 6

occurrence of cells that are polypoid in an otherwise diploid animal, ex. human liver cells

Answer 6

Endopolyploidy

Question 7

when two or more genes are physically closer to one another on a chromosome

Answer 7

Synteny

Question 8

Metacentric

Answer 8

centromere in the middle of chromosome

Question 9

Subsentric

Answer 9

centromere slightly off center of chromosome

Question 10

Acrocentric

Answer 10

Centromere signifigantly off ceneter of chromosome

Question 11

Telocentric

Answer 11

Centromere is at the end of the chromosome

Question 12

The Law of Independent Assortment does not apply to

Answer 12

linked genes

Question 13

if an organism has 84 autosomal chromosomes, how many autosomal linkage groups does it have?

Answer 13

84

Question 14

if you are looking at a dihybrid cross with a phenotype ratio of 10:2:5:4, what would the null hypothesis be for a Cho-square analysis?

Answer 14

9:3:3:1

Question 15

Suppose an individual with PKU avoids phenylalanine in their diet and as an adult has no physical issues or disabilities presenting from the disorder, such as seizures, delays in social skills, small head size, etc. Does this individual have a low or high expressivity of the gene causing the disorder?

Answer 15

low expressivity

Question 16

if a heterozygote of a particular trait is more fit, AKA has an advantage over, either homozygous genotype, this is an example of what?

Answer 16

Overdominace

Question 17

Incomplete dominance results in what?

Answer 17

Heterozygotes are intermediates of the two alleles

Question 18

What causes over-dominance?

Answer 18

Two alleles producing slightly different products.

Question 19

Flamboyant tail feathers are a sex-linked trait in male peacocks. If the mother peacock (ZW) and the father peacock (ZZ) mate and have 50% male offspring and 50% female offspring, what percent of offspring will display the trait?

Answer 19

50%

Question 20

Suppose H is a lethal allele that leads to early embryonic death, while h is the wild-type allele. If mom (Hh) mates with dad (hh), what percent of living offspring will carry the lethal allele?

Answer 20

0%

Question 21

What type of non-mendelian inheritance does not persist for generations, but is rather altered in one individual via DNA methylation?

Answer 21

Genomic imprinting

Question 22

What type of non-mendelian inheritance results in an offspring’s genotype not affecting its phenotype?

Answer 22

Maternal effect pattern

Question 23

True or False: genes that are close together are more likely to be affected by crossing over than those that are further apart.

Answer 23

false

Question 24

If there are only a few recombinant offspring in an F2 generation, the genes being mapped must be

Answer 24

close together

Question 25

True or False: crossing over can occasionally occur in mitosis

Answer 25

true

Question 26

If a piece of genetic material is altered so that the DNA runs in the opposite direction at a site not near the centromere, this is known as

Answer 26

Paracentric inversion

Question 27

If a piece of genetic material is lost at the end of a chromosome, this is known as:

Answer 27

terminal deletion

Question 28

If a piece of genetic material breaks off one chromosome and attaches to another chromosome so that it results in the chromosome having too much genetic material compared to a normal cell, this is known as:

Answer 28

Unbalanced translocation

Question 29

what tends to be more detrimental to the phenotype

Answer 29

deletion

Question 30

What level of gene expression will a human that is 2n-1 for chromosome #17 have?

Answer 30

50%

Question 31

What is most detrimental

Answer 31

Meiotic nondisjunction

Question 32

three ways chromosomes are identified:

Answer 32

1. Size
2. location of centromere
3. banding pattern