Exam 1 Flashcards
Wild type
normal and most prevalent variation of a gene in a population
trait
a variant of a characteristic displayed by a gene
gene
segment of DNA that has the info to produce a specific functional protein
binary fission
process through which prokaryotes divide
gamete
egg or sperm cell
barr body
result of lionization of an X chromosome when 2 or more X chromosome are present
dominant
a trait/allele that when exhibited suppresses another trait/allele
meiosis
process by which eukaryotic cells divide, resulting in 4 unique haploid cells
tetrad
four chromatids (aka homologous chromosome(s)) forming a structure for crossing over to occur during meiosis I
phenotype
physical expression of a gene
sister chromatids
identical copies of a chromosome formed during replication to prepare for a cell division
homologous chromosomes
two chromosomes in a pair that are nearly identical, one from each parent
mitosis
process by which eukaryotic cells divide, resulting in 2 identical diploid daughter cells
heredity
passing on of traits from parents to offsprings
mitotic spindle
apparatus aids in cell division through the use of microtubule push and pull
a chromosome is made up of
DNA and Proteins
what is the order of gene expression
transcription, translation, protein folding
what occurs during interphase of mitosis and meiosis
duplication of genetic material
cells undergoing mitosis begins as _______ and ends as______
Diploid : diploid
cells undergoing meiosis begin as _____ and end as ______
diploid : haploid
spermatogenesis ends with only one viable gamete
false
human gametes are heterogamous
true
one genotype an individual can be heterozygous recessive
false
an individual with a dominant phenotype could have what genotype
HH or Hh
sex can be determined by the environment for some species
True
in mammals, how is maleness determined
Y chromosome
what are three ways that genetic variation can be achieved?
*Crossing over ( aka Genetic recombination)
* arrangement of homologous chromosome during metaphase I
* sexual reproduction
*mutations ( Aka changes in chromosome structure via deletion, insertion, etc. ) is also acceptable
if a father carries an X-linked recessive trait, is it possible for his daughter to carry it as well? what is the percentage that she will?
Yes, there is a 100% chance that the daughter will be a carrier of the trait.
