Exam 1

Question 1

Wild type

Answer 1

normal and most prevalent variation of a gene in a population

Question 2

trait

Answer 2

a variant of a characteristic displayed by a gene

Question 3

gene

Answer 3

segment of DNA that has the info to produce a specific functional protein

Question 4

binary fission

Answer 4

process through which prokaryotes divide

Question 5

gamete

Answer 5

egg or sperm cell

Question 6

barr body

Answer 6

result of lionization of an X chromosome when 2 or more X chromosome are present

Question 7

dominant

Answer 7

a trait/allele that when exhibited suppresses another trait/allele

Question 8

meiosis

Answer 8

process by which eukaryotic cells divide, resulting in 4 unique haploid cells

Question 9

tetrad

Answer 9

four chromatids (aka homologous chromosome(s)) forming a structure for crossing over to occur during meiosis I

Question 10

phenotype

Answer 10

physical expression of a gene

Question 11

sister chromatids

Answer 11

identical copies of a chromosome formed during replication to prepare for a cell division

Question 12

homologous chromosomes

Answer 12

two chromosomes in a pair that are nearly identical, one from each parent

Question 13

mitosis

Answer 13

process by which eukaryotic cells divide, resulting in 2 identical diploid daughter cells

Question 14

heredity

Answer 14

passing on of traits from parents to offsprings

Question 15

mitotic spindle

Answer 15

apparatus aids in cell division through the use of microtubule push and pull

Question 16

a chromosome is made up of

Answer 16

DNA and Proteins

Question 17

what is the order of gene expression

Answer 17

transcription, translation, protein folding

Question 18

what occurs during interphase of mitosis and meiosis

Answer 18

duplication of genetic material

Question 19

cells undergoing mitosis begins as _______ and ends as______

Answer 19

Diploid : diploid

Question 20

cells undergoing meiosis begin as _____ and end as ______

Answer 20

diploid : haploid

Question 21

spermatogenesis ends with only one viable gamete

Answer 21

false

Question 22

human gametes are heterogamous

Answer 22

true

Question 23

one genotype an individual can be heterozygous recessive

Answer 23

false

Question 24

an individual with a dominant phenotype could have what genotype

Answer 24

HH or Hh

Question 25

sex can be determined by the environment for some species

Answer 25

True

Question 26

in mammals, how is maleness determined

Answer 26

Y chromosome

Question 27

what are three ways that genetic variation can be achieved?

Answer 27

*Crossing over ( aka Genetic recombination)
* arrangement of homologous chromosome during metaphase I
* sexual reproduction
*mutations ( Aka changes in chromosome structure via deletion, insertion, etc. ) is also acceptable

Question 28

if a father carries an X-linked recessive trait, is it possible for his daughter to carry it as well? what is the percentage that she will?

Answer 28

Yes, there is a 100% chance that the daughter will be a carrier of the trait.