Exam 4 Flashcards
Faking or exaggerating symptoms for a secondary gain (e.g., financial benefits) is known as:
Malingering
________________ was a DSM-IV disorder that was dropped from the DSM-5.
Somatization disorder
A patient reports losing all feeling in his left arm with no apparent medical explanation. What diagnosis is most likely to apply:
conversion disorder
What is the major characteristic that distinguishes Illness Anxiety Disorder and Somatic Symptom Disorder?
The presence of physical symptoms.
The ability to engage in activities without conscious awareness (e.g., driving without paying conscious attention at all times) is know as?
dissociation
The increase in Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) that coincided with the publication and popularity of the book Sybil (and later the movie) is consistent with which perspective about the origins of DID?
Socio-cognitive view
Cognitive neuroscience research on memory function in DID is consistent with the idea that:
the identities in DID are NOT distinct
A person wanders off from his family and starts up a new life in a new town. This person is most likely to be diagnosed with:
Dissociative fugue
What are the domains typically considered in the definition of personality disorders?
Cognition (ways of perceiving self/others)
Affectivity (range, intensity, lability)
Interpersonal functioning
Impulse control
The majority of people with a personality disorder are diagnosed with _______________ personality disorder.
more than one
Which personality disorder is characterized by a lack of desire for close interpersonal relationships?
Schizoid personality disorder
Someone highly concerned with details, rules, schedules, and doing things “the right way” is most likely to be diagnosed with which personality disorder?
Obsessive Compulsive personality disorder
Psychopathy has the most in common with which of the following personality disorders?
Antisocial personality disorder
Which personality disorder is best characterized by unstable interpersonal relationships, emotional lability, and identity confusion?
Borderline personality disorder
What are the major components of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)?
Mindfulness/acceptance
Distress tolerance (becoming better at tolerating distress)
Emotion regulation
Interpersonal effectiveness
The experience of distress due to the strong belief that they were born the wrong sex and thus have a strong desire to be of the opposite sex is known as:
gender dysphoria
Gender identity conversion treatment is an effective evidence-based treatment for gender dysphoria.
FALSE
Male-to-female reassignment eliminates male problems, such as prostate cancer and an inability to bear children
FALSE
There is a reduction in _________________ among people who receive gender-affirming reassignment surgery.
mental health treatment and hospitalizations following a suicide
Mild performance anxiety during sexual activity in healthy adults has what impact on sexual arousal?
It increases sexual arousal.
The practice of observing, in order to become sexually aroused, an unsuspecting person undressing or naked is referred to as:
voyeurism
physical symptoms or complaints not fully explained by a medical condition or biological explanation
somatic symptom disorders
create or fabricate symptoms with no secondary gain
factitious disorder
CBT is useful for ____________ about somatic symptoms but does not _______________
reducing distress, tend to reduce the somatic symptoms
fears or beliefs of having a serious disease based on a misinterpretation of bodily symptoms
hypochondriasis
preoccupied they have a serious illness when somatic symptoms are NOT present (or very mild)
illness anxiety disorder
symptoms/deficits affecting voluntary motor or sensory function that suggest a neurological condition without a neurological cause
conversion disorder
Conversion disorder is often in response to _________________
life stress or trauma
Partial paralysis, pseudoseizures, and “hysterical” blindness (partial blindness) are examples of
conversion disorder
“glove anesthesia”
numbness in hand with parts that are covered in gloves
conversion symptoms tend to disappear within _________ but can last __________
2 weeks, for years
psychodynamic theories for etiology of conversion disorder?
primary role of unconcious
symptoms are resolving inner conflict
ex. urge to harm somebody, person wakes up with numb arm resolves conflict (person may not be aware of inner conflict)
the mind’s ability to engage in activities outside of conscious awareness
dissociation
daydreaming, missing parts of conversations, driving without paying conscious attention, automatic behaviors
dissociation
Dissociative Identity Disorder was formerly known as _______________
Multiple Personality Disorder
Sharp increase of cases of _____________ after the publication of “Sybil” in 1973
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Child defends against trauma by dissociating is consistent with the _________ view of the origin of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
traumagenic
Sociocognitive view of the origin of DID states that DID is iatrogenic (_______________________)
treatment creates diagnosis
Labeling a patient as DID may suggest a _______________
poorer outcome
inability to recall important personal information that cannot be explained by ordinary forgetfulness
dissociative amnesia
sudden unexpected travel from home or one’s customary place of work with an inability to recall one’s past
Dissociative Fugue subtype
confusion about personal identity or assumption of a new identity
Dissociative Fugue subtype
General Personality Disorder is an ____________ pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from expectations of the individual’s culture.
enduring
stable onset in childhood or adolescence
rates of personality disorders are relatively ________
low
so rare that DSM-5 contemplated removing:
Paranoid PD (2%)
Histrionic PD (2%)
Schizoid PD (1%?)
Dependent PD (0.5%)
Personality Disorder Clusters
Cluster A: Odd Eccentric
Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal
Personality Disorder Clusters
Cluster B: Dramatic/Erratic
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic
Antisocial
Personality Disorder Clusters
Cluster C: Anxious/Fearful
Avoidant
Dependent
Obsessive-Compulsive
___________ tends to be a little bit more grounded in reality than delusional disorder
Paranoid PD
controversy over inclusion of Schizoid PD in DSM because….
does not affect functioning, people with schizoid PD are happy
Treatment for __________ emphasizes social skill training
schizoid PD
Odd beliefs (ex. believe they have special powers)
Eccentric speech
Eccentric behavior and appearance
Social anxiety
Schizotypal PD
‘Mild’ schizophrenia-spectrum symptoms
Fearful of criticism, rejection, disapproval, embarrassment, reluctant to enter relationships but DESIRE RELATIONSHIPS
Avoidant PD
Main difference between people with Social Anxiety Disorder and Avoidant PD:
feelings of low self-worth, incompetence
Psychopathy (sociopathy) describes __________, not a __________
personality traits
diagnosis
DSM-5 antisocial personality disorder overlaps with ___________
psychopathy
lack of response to punishment and do not learn from punishment signals
psychopathy
levels of testosterone may play a role in ___________
psychopathy
reduced orbital frontal function
among psychopaths
a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others
antisocial personality disorder
“it is virtually impossible to achieve collaboration with an ________ patient in ordinary dyadic therapy”
antisocial
tendency to view other people negatively is the social perception in ___________
borderline personality disorder
complex, multifaceted treatment for borderline personality disorder, includes group and individual interventions and extensive therapist support
Dialectical Behavior Therapy
Dialectical Behavior Therapy is NEVER about…..
controlling thoughts
_________ is a person’s inherent sense of being male or female (distinct from sexual orientation)
Gender identity
Exceedingly challenging to gain access to ______________
gender affirming treatments
sexually attracted to non-living items (can’t be aroused in absence of them)
fetishism
exposing genitals to unsuspecting strangers
exhibitionism
sexual arousal in inflicting pain
sexual sadism
sexual arousal in suffering pain
sexual masochism
sexual attraction to children
pedophilia
Two forms of psychodynamic treatment of borderline personality disorder, called ___________ and _____________, have shown positive results.
transference-focused therapy, mentalization therapy
___________________ places emphasis on the relationship with the therapist and on the powerful feelings that clients with borderline personality disorder sometimes develop toward their therapists. The therapist helps clients consider parallels between their response to the therapist and their experiences in other relationships, as a way of helping clients understand and manage their relationships in a healthier manner
Transference-focused therapy
Because many people with borderline personality disorder tend to respond quickly and impulsively to emotions, _______________ focuses on helping clients to be more reflective about their own feelings and those of other people, to avoid acting automatically without thinking when emotions or interpersonal stressors occur
mentalization therapy
Marsha Linehan developed ___________ to treat borderline personality disorder, and it is considered the best validated approach.
dialectical behavior therapy
Strong need to be the center of attention
Inappropriate sexually seductive behavior
Rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions
Use of physical appearance to draw attention to self
Speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail
Exaggerated, theatrical emotional expression
Being overly suggestible
Misreading relationships as more intimate than they are
histrionic personality disorder
Sexual desire, often associated with sexually arousing fantasies or thoughts
Sexual interest
Self-perceptions of sexual excitement
Subjective arousal
Changes in blood flow to genitalia, which can be measured by penile or vaginal plethysmography
Biological arousal
Post-orgasm phase; for men further erection is not possible during a refractory period
Resolution
defined by ejaculation that occurs too quickly
premature ejaculation
persistent difficulty in ejaculating
delayed ejaculation disorder
most prevalent sexual dysfunction in males
premature ejaculation
least common sexual dysfunction in men
delayed ejaculation disorder
Consistent with what Bill experienced in the Clinical Case, DSM-5 defines “premature” as less than __ minute after the penis is inserted. This was chosen based on cross-national studies showing that the median time to ejaculation is __ minutes after penis insertion
1, 5
refers to deficient or absent sexual fantasies and urges
Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
failure to attain or maintain an erection through completion of the sexual activity
erectile disorder
persistent absence or reduced intensity of orgasm after sexual excitement
Female orgasmic disorder
persistent deficits in sexual interest, biological arousal, or subjective arousal
Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
The focus of sexual desire and urges in ______________ is on touching an unsuspecting person. The person with this disorder may rub his penis against a woman’s thighs or buttocks or fondle her breasts or genitals. These attacks typically occur in places such as a crowded bus or sidewalk that provide an easy means of escape.
frotteuristic disorder
Although some men experience recurrent pain during sex, very few men seek treatment for it. For this reason, the DSM-5 criteria focus on women for ________________
genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
_________ refers to sexual relations between close relatives for whom marriage is forbidden.
Incest
Incest is listed as a subtype of ____________.
pedophilic disorder
The core feature of the _____________ is recurrent sexual attraction to unusual objects or activities, lasting at least 6 months
paraphilic disorders
________________ involves a disconcerting and disruptive sense of detachment from one’s self or surroundings.
Depersonalization/derealization disorder
______________ is defined by a sense of being detached from one’s self (e.g., being an observer outside one’s body)
Depersonalization
____________ is defined by a sense of detachment from one’s surroundings, such that the surroundings seem unreal.
Derealization
The DSM-5 includes three major dissociative disorders:
depersonalization/derealization disorder, dissociative amnesia, and dissociative identity disorder (formerly known as multiple personality disorder).
In tests of ___________, researchers might ask a person to remember words. In tests of ____________, researchers determine if the word lists have subtler effects on performance.
explicit memory, implicit memory
The information we store or remember unconsciously is called _____________, while the information we memorize consciously is known as ______________.
implicit memory, explicit memory
The sociocognitive model, then, implies that DID could be ____________ (created within treatment) in that the person often learns to role-play these symptoms within treatment.
iatrogenic
Grandiose view of one’s importance
Preoccupation with one’s success, brilliance, beauty
Belief that one is special and can be understood only by other high-status people
Extreme need for admiration
Strong sense of entitlement
Tendency to exploit others
Lack of empathy
Envy of others
Arrogant behavior or attitudes
Narcissistic personality disorder
As adults, people with ________________ show irresponsible behaviors, such as working inconsistently, breaking laws, being irritable and physically aggressive, defaulting on debts, being reckless and impulsive, and neglecting to plan ahead.
antisocial personality disorder
