Exam 3 Flashcards
An increased physiological need for alcohol to achieve the same effect is most likely to be associated with
Substance dependence (tolerance)
Which of the following brain areas is most impacted by chronic alcohol use?
Prefrontal cortex
The main goal of the medication naltrexone is to reduce drinking by:
Lowering cravings
pathological substance use that involved potentially hazardous behavior or continued use despite persistent social, psychological, occupational, or health problems
substance abuse
physical symptoms such as sweating, tremors upon discontinuation
withdrawal symptoms
third leading preventable cause of death in the United States
alcohol related causes
________ has some of the highest rates of alcohol use disorders
Russia
common conception that alcohol use is relatively high in ___________
college students
average person can metabolize ________ of alcohol per hour
7-10g (1 standard beer)
alcohol stimulates ___________ that release _______________
“pleasure circuits,” endogenous opioids
brain effects of chronic drinking:
ventricles are larger
brain shrinkage
grey matter volume is reduced
________ are time when intoxicated person cannot recall key details of events
Blackouts
certain blocks of time they can’t recall
fragmentary
rare, not being able to recall anything
en bloc
Antabuse
older medication for alcohol abuse
triggers vomiting after drinking
compliance issues, little benefit for actually reducing alcohol abuse
____________ are used to help with withdrawal symptoms
Tranquilizers (ex. valium, librium)
particularly for alcohol dependent individuals, popular during detox but not after (risk for dependence)
Harm reduction approach for alcohol use disorder
Naltraxone
alcohol use disorder is one the few psychiatric disorders where first-line treatment is __________________
psychological treatment (psychotherapy)
Most popular form of alcohol use treatment
Alcoholics Anonymous
AA more effective than cognitive behavior therapy or motivational interviewing for ______________ for up to 3 years
helping people remain abstinent
Largest clinical trial of psychotherapies ever
Project MATCH
Project MATCH found that 12-step facilitation (similar to AA), cognitive-behavioral therapy, and motivational enhancement therapy were _____________
no ___________ effects for treatment
equally effective
matching
Heavy marijuana use is associated with which neurocognitive effects:
Forming memories
Recalling of events
Shifting of attention
Heavy marijuana use is associated with irreversible neurocognitive deficits. That is, even after cessation of marijuana use the neurocognitive impacts will linger for a lifetime.
False
_____________ is associated with the greatest dopamine levels in the brain
methamphetamine
__________ is most likely to be associated with a surge of euphoria followed by wakeful and drowsy states
heroin
There was a dramatic increase in fatal overdoses associated with the widespread availability of which synthetic drug?
fentanyl
Which of the following statements about methadone is FALSE:
Methadone acts on opioid receptors
Methadone blocks the effects of heroin
Patients develop tolerance to methadone
Patients are usually tapered quickly off of methadone
Patients are usually tapered quickly off of methadone
Which eating disorder involves repeated regurgitation of the same food?
Rumination disorder
Which eating disorder is characterized by eating a much larger amount of food than most people and not being able to control overeating?
Binge eating disorder
Of these medical providers, which one could be most likely to identify the purging type of bulimia?
Dentist
Lawyer
Chiropractor
Homeopath
Dentist
What is the relationship between viewing media (TV, magazines) and bulimia symptoms in adolescents?
Greater media watching is associated with increased bulimia symptoms
Of these treatment options, which treatment appears to be most effective for the treatment of bulimia?
CBT
Psychodynamic treatment
Placebo
CBT
Which characteristic best differentiates anorexia from bulimia?
The person’s weight (distance from expected weight)
What is the first goal for inpatient treatment for anorexia?
Restoring or increasing weight
Which schizophrenia spectrum disorder is best characterized by odd or eccentric behavior, belief that they have special powers, and difficulty with social relationships?
Schizotypal personality disorder
Which of the following potential causes of schizophrenia has the least empirical support?
double bind hypothesis
hypofrontality
brain structure abnormalities
genetic contributions
double bind hypothesis
Thorazine appears to block the activity of which neurotransmitter?
dopamine
The newer medications, atypical antipsychotics, are more effective (in terms of symptom reduction) compared to the older, traditional antipsychotics.
False
Which of these symptoms/functioning is cognitive therapy for schizophrenia designed to primarily treat?
negative symptoms
Although medication is typically a first-line treatment for those with schizophrenia, ___________ treatments can also be very helpful adjunctive treatments (i.e., in addition to medication treatments) for many individuals.
psychosocial
three broad categories of schizophrenia symptoms:
positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms
positive symptoms of schizophrenia typically include _______ and _______
hallucinations, delusions
positive symptoms are also referred to as ___________
psychotic symptoms
Heavy drinking during pregnancy can cause ____________.
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
Children with this disorder can have facial abnormalities and intellectual developmental disorder.
Apathy, or _________, refers to diminished motivation and a seeming absence of interest or persistence in what are usually routine activities, including work or school, hobbies, or social activities.
avolition
_______, refers to the amount of pleasure experienced in the moment or in the presence of something pleasurable.
consummatory pleasure
________, refers to the amount of expected or anticipated pleasure from future events or activities.
anticipatory pleasure
________ refers to a lack of outward expression of emotion.
Blunted affect
Also known as formal thought disorder, __________ refers to problems in organizing ideas and in speaking so that a listener can understand.
disorganized speech
People with this symptom may gesture repeatedly, using peculiar and sometimes complex sequences of finger, hand, and arm movements, which often seem to be purposeful.
catatonia
This type of study begins with one or two biological parents with schizophrenia and follows their children longitudinally to identify how many of them develop schizophrenia and what types of childhood neurobiological and behavioral factors may predict the disorder’s onset.
familial high-risk study
The smoke coming from the burning end of a cigarette, called ____________ or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), contains higher concentrations of ammonia, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and tar than does the smoke inhaled by the smoker.
secondhand smoke
___________, which is much stronger than marijuana, is produced by removing and drying the resin exudate of the tops of cannabis plants.
Hashish
__________ consists of the dried and crushed leaves and flowering tops of the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa.
Marijuana
Amphetamines are _______ stimulants; cocaine is a _______ stimulant extracted from the coca leaf.
synthetic, natural
___________ are recurrences of perceptual experiences after the physiological effects of the drug have worn off. In DSM-5, the diagnostic category hallucinogen persisting perception disorder involves re-experiences of flashbacks and other perceptual symptoms that occurred during hallucinogen use, even though the drug is no longer used.
Flashbacks
