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psy352p > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

An increased physiological need for alcohol to achieve the same effect is most likely to be associated with

A

Substance dependence (tolerance)

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2
Q

Which of the following brain areas is most impacted by chronic alcohol use?

A

Prefrontal cortex

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3
Q

The main goal of the medication naltrexone is to reduce drinking by:

A

Lowering cravings

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4
Q

pathological substance use that involved potentially hazardous behavior or continued use despite persistent social, psychological, occupational, or health problems

A

substance abuse

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5
Q

physical symptoms such as sweating, tremors upon discontinuation

A

withdrawal symptoms

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6
Q

third leading preventable cause of death in the United States

A

alcohol related causes

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7
Q

________ has some of the highest rates of alcohol use disorders

A

Russia

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8
Q

common conception that alcohol use is relatively high in ___________

A

college students

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9
Q

average person can metabolize ________ of alcohol per hour

A

7-10g (1 standard beer)

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10
Q

alcohol stimulates ___________ that release _______________

A

“pleasure circuits,” endogenous opioids

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11
Q

brain effects of chronic drinking:

A

ventricles are larger
brain shrinkage
grey matter volume is reduced

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12
Q

________ are time when intoxicated person cannot recall key details of events

A

Blackouts

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13
Q

certain blocks of time they can’t recall

A

fragmentary

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14
Q

rare, not being able to recall anything

A

en bloc

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15
Q

Antabuse

A

older medication for alcohol abuse
triggers vomiting after drinking
compliance issues, little benefit for actually reducing alcohol abuse

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16
Q

____________ are used to help with withdrawal symptoms

A

Tranquilizers (ex. valium, librium)
particularly for alcohol dependent individuals, popular during detox but not after (risk for dependence)

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17
Q

Harm reduction approach for alcohol use disorder

A

Naltraxone

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18
Q

alcohol use disorder is one the few psychiatric disorders where first-line treatment is __________________

A

psychological treatment (psychotherapy)

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19
Q

Most popular form of alcohol use treatment

A

Alcoholics Anonymous

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20
Q

AA more effective than cognitive behavior therapy or motivational interviewing for ______________ for up to 3 years

A

helping people remain abstinent

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21
Q

Largest clinical trial of psychotherapies ever

A

Project MATCH

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22
Q

Project MATCH found that 12-step facilitation (similar to AA), cognitive-behavioral therapy, and motivational enhancement therapy were _____________
no ___________ effects for treatment

A

equally effective
matching

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23
Q

Heavy marijuana use is associated with which neurocognitive effects:

A

Forming memories
Recalling of events
Shifting of attention

24
Q

Heavy marijuana use is associated with irreversible neurocognitive deficits. That is, even after cessation of marijuana use the neurocognitive impacts will linger for a lifetime.

A

False

25
Q

_____________ is associated with the greatest dopamine levels in the brain

A

methamphetamine

26
Q

__________ is most likely to be associated with a surge of euphoria followed by wakeful and drowsy states

A

heroin

27
Q

There was a dramatic increase in fatal overdoses associated with the widespread availability of which synthetic drug?

A

fentanyl

28
Q

Which of the following statements about methadone is FALSE:

Methadone acts on opioid receptors
Methadone blocks the effects of heroin
Patients develop tolerance to methadone
Patients are usually tapered quickly off of methadone

A

Patients are usually tapered quickly off of methadone

29
Q

Which eating disorder involves repeated regurgitation of the same food?

A

Rumination disorder

30
Q

Which eating disorder is characterized by eating a much larger amount of food than most people and not being able to control overeating?

A

Binge eating disorder

31
Q

Of these medical providers, which one could be most likely to identify the purging type of bulimia?

Dentist
Lawyer
Chiropractor
Homeopath

A

Dentist

32
Q

What is the relationship between viewing media (TV, magazines) and bulimia symptoms in adolescents?

A

Greater media watching is associated with increased bulimia symptoms

33
Q

Of these treatment options, which treatment appears to be most effective for the treatment of bulimia?

CBT
Psychodynamic treatment
Placebo

A

CBT

34
Q

Which characteristic best differentiates anorexia from bulimia?

A

The person’s weight (distance from expected weight)

35
Q

What is the first goal for inpatient treatment for anorexia?

A

Restoring or increasing weight

36
Q

Which schizophrenia spectrum disorder is best characterized by odd or eccentric behavior, belief that they have special powers, and difficulty with social relationships?

A

Schizotypal personality disorder

37
Q

Which of the following potential causes of schizophrenia has the least empirical support?

double bind hypothesis
hypofrontality
brain structure abnormalities
genetic contributions

A

double bind hypothesis

38
Q

Thorazine appears to block the activity of which neurotransmitter?

A

dopamine

39
Q

The newer medications, atypical antipsychotics, are more effective (in terms of symptom reduction) compared to the older, traditional antipsychotics.

A

False

40
Q

Which of these symptoms/functioning is cognitive therapy for schizophrenia designed to primarily treat?

A

negative symptoms

41
Q

Although medication is typically a first-line treatment for those with schizophrenia, ___________ treatments can also be very helpful adjunctive treatments (i.e., in addition to medication treatments) for many individuals.

A

psychosocial

42
Q

three broad categories of schizophrenia symptoms:

A

positive, negative, and disorganized symptoms

43
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia typically include _______ and _______

A

hallucinations, delusions

44
Q

positive symptoms are also referred to as ___________

A

psychotic symptoms

45
Q

Heavy drinking during pregnancy can cause ____________.

A

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
Children with this disorder can have facial abnormalities and intellectual developmental disorder.

46
Q

Apathy, or _________, refers to diminished motivation and a seeming absence of interest or persistence in what are usually routine activities, including work or school, hobbies, or social activities.

A

avolition

47
Q

_______, refers to the amount of pleasure experienced in the moment or in the presence of something pleasurable.

A

consummatory pleasure

48
Q

________, refers to the amount of expected or anticipated pleasure from future events or activities.

A

anticipatory pleasure

49
Q

________ refers to a lack of outward expression of emotion.

A

Blunted affect

50
Q

Also known as formal thought disorder, __________ refers to problems in organizing ideas and in speaking so that a listener can understand.

A

disorganized speech

51
Q

People with this symptom may gesture repeatedly, using peculiar and sometimes complex sequences of finger, hand, and arm movements, which often seem to be purposeful.

A

catatonia

52
Q

This type of study begins with one or two biological parents with schizophrenia and follows their children longitudinally to identify how many of them develop schizophrenia and what types of childhood neurobiological and behavioral factors may predict the disorder’s onset.

A

familial high-risk study

53
Q

The smoke coming from the burning end of a cigarette, called ____________ or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), contains higher concentrations of ammonia, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and tar than does the smoke inhaled by the smoker.

A

secondhand smoke

54
Q

___________, which is much stronger than marijuana, is produced by removing and drying the resin exudate of the tops of cannabis plants.

A

Hashish

55
Q

__________ consists of the dried and crushed leaves and flowering tops of the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa.

A

Marijuana

56
Q

Amphetamines are _______ stimulants; cocaine is a _______ stimulant extracted from the coca leaf.

A

synthetic, natural

57
Q

___________ are recurrences of perceptual experiences after the physiological effects of the drug have worn off. In DSM-5, the diagnostic category hallucinogen persisting perception disorder involves re-experiences of flashbacks and other perceptual symptoms that occurred during hallucinogen use, even though the drug is no longer used.

A

Flashbacks

psy352p (7 decks)

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