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IMMUNO > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are responsible for the late phase reactions in type I

A

cytokines releases from mast cells

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2
Q

anaphylaxis

A

an acute, hypersensitive allergic reaction to an antigen

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3
Q

which cytokines cause class switching to IgE

A

IL-4 and IL-13

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4
Q

intradermal tuberculin reaction

A

intradermal reaction to injected tuberculin proteins, looks or area of induration within 72 hrs

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5
Q

AIRE

A

autoimmune regulator, a transcription factor that facilitates expression of non-thymic proteins to test self-reactivity in the thymus

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6
Q

clonal anergy

A

supression of NFKB or IL-2 when t cells are exposed to antigen in absence of co-stimulation

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7
Q

what is the difference between t cells and b cells

A

b cells do not remain toleration, could reactivate

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8
Q

what is the receptor that mediates negative feeback of antibody production

A

inhibitory B-cell receptor CD32b

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9
Q

Tregs have what special surface receptor

A

FoxP3

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10
Q

tregs in cattle

A

gamma delta T cells

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11
Q

galectin

A

produced by treg cells, induces cell cycle arrest in effector t cells

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12
Q

CTLA4

A

produced by treg cells, induces apoptosis of effector cells

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13
Q

IL-10 effects

A

suppresses DCs and macrophages

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14
Q

TGF-beta effects

A

suppresses adaptive immune system

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15
Q

IDO

A

tryptophan deletion and cell cycle arrest in pro-inflammatory cells, may have a role in fetal tolerance

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16
Q

IL-22r

A

receptor on epithelial cells involved in tissue healing

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17
Q

cryptic antigens

A

antigens previously hidden from the immune system in immune privileged sites

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18
Q

CD233

A

epitope forms on aging RBCs, activates destruction in spleen

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19
Q

rheumatoid factors

A

autoantibodies to other Ig, common when immune complexes are formed

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20
Q

immunoconglutinins

A

autoantibodies to complement, often C2

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21
Q

two examples of failed regulatory control

A

defects in CD95 or AIRE gene, both involved in apoptosis in thymus

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22
Q

microchimerism

A

mother and fetus exchange some cells, may induce autoimmunity

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23
Q

three mechanisms of infection induced AD

A

molecular mimicry, epitope spreading “runaway train”, and bystander activation

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24
Q

pemphigus vulgaris

A

targets desmoglein 3 in deep epidermis

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25
Q

pemphigus foliaceus

A

targets desmocollin 1 in superficial epidermis

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26
Q

bullous pemphigoid

A

targets type XVII collagen in basement membrane

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27
Q

allograft

A

transplantation of tissue from a member of the same species

28
Q

xenograft

A

transplantation of tissue from a member of a different species

29
Q

passenger leukocytes

A

donated WBCs that may migrate out of tissue

30
Q

types of transplant rejection

A

hyperacute (within 48h), accelerated (within 7d), acute (after 7d), chronic

31
Q

what types of allograft rejection are mediated by antibodies

A

hyperactute and chronic

32
Q

pathophysiology of MHC incompatibility

A

t cell response

33
Q

pathophysiology of RBC antigen incompatibility

A

ab response

34
Q

direct pathway of rejection

A

recipient T cells enter graft and respond to foreign MHC, leads to vessel destruction

35
Q

indirect pathway

A

processing of graft antigens by host DCs

36
Q

immune privileged sites

A

eyes, thymus, testes and brain

37
Q

graft vs host disease (GVHD)

A

cells from graft attack host, mucosal destruction, liver disease

38
Q

what is the universal canine donor

A

negative for DEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 5, 7, positive for DEA 4

39
Q

universal donor in cats

A

NONE

40
Q

horse ideal donor

A

negative for Qa and Aa

41
Q

major cross match vs minor

A

major: recipient serum, donor cells
minor: recipient cells, donor serum

42
Q

GVHD in an immunodeficient foal

A

cell mediated response at 79d

43
Q

which t cells are more important prepartum in the lamb

A

alpha/beta

44
Q

when do NK cells develop in the piglet

A

several weeks of age, also limited B cell diversity

45
Q

when can fetal puppies reject allografts

A

45d

46
Q

when can eggs be vaccinated

A

18d (marek’s, newcastle, coccidiosis)

47
Q

when can opossums make antibodies

A

7 days

48
Q

which form of BVD causes persistent infection

A

non-cytopathic (infection between 50-120d

49
Q

mucosal disease with BVD

A

occurs when PI animal is infected with cytopathic BVD virus

50
Q

why is passive transfer of immunity so important in ruminants, pigs, and horses

A

no placental antibody transfer

51
Q

cell specific aging changes

A

neutrophils and macrophages become worse at job, macrophages decrease in number

52
Q

c1s deficiency

A

no classical complement pathway

53
Q

c2 deficiency

A

mannose and classical pathways disrupted

54
Q

canine c3 deficiency

A

no complement activation

55
Q

c7 deficiency

A

does not form MAC

56
Q

leukocyte adhesion deficiencies

A

no CD18s or beta chain of LFA, poor extravasation of neutrophils

57
Q

cyclic neutropenia

A

gray collies, mutation in AP3B1 encoding neutrophil elastase

58
Q

chronic granulomatous disease

A

inability to produce ROS in phagocytes

59
Q

rag1 and rag2 mutations

A

patients have no T or B cells, hypomorphic mutations leave no B cells

60
Q

DNA-PK inactivation

A

ligates DNA breaks in VDJ recombination, no B or T cells

61
Q

common gamma subunit

A

x-linked SCID disrupts cytokine signaling

62
Q

x-linked agammaglobulinemia

A

btk mutation means functional b cell receptors cannot be signaled for, apoptosis

63
Q

MHC class I deficiency

A

mutations in TAP1 and 2, no Tc response

64
Q

CD40L hyper IgM syndrome

A

no class switching, B cells only create IgM

65
Q

AID deficiency

A

very little class switching

66
Q

how does malnutrition affect the immune system

A

impairment of T cell function

67
Q

what is the effect of FIV on immune system

A

CD4 and CD8 cells killed over time

IMMUNO (5 decks)

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