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COMM220 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

purpose is socialization. AKA primary/social groups. Ex: family and peer groups of close friends

A

Intimate Groups

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2
Q

purpose is getting things done. AKA secondary groups. Ex: decision-making groups, discussion groups, presentation groups

A

Task Groups

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3
Q

3 or more people who have a common purpose, interact with each other, influence each other, and are interdependent

A

Group

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4
Q

at least 3 people in a group that is small enough for members to perceive each other as unique individuals with interacting. May cap at 12 people, some say 6/7

A

Small Group

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5
Q

a special kind of group characterized by different and complementary resources of members and by a strong sense of collective identity

A

Team

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6
Q

used to study groups

A

Systems Theory

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7
Q

what goes into a group. Ex: members, task/assignment, setting, other resources

A

Input Variables

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8
Q

process variables. Ex: norms, rules, roles, language, nonverbals, listening behaviors, conflict/climate, leadership, etc.

A

Throughput Variables

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9
Q

what the group produces. Tangible (reports) or intangible (feelings)

A

Output Variables

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10
Q

often in work situations. members bring different strengths and complete tasks

A

Project Teams

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11
Q

a team who can identify areas to improve within an institution

A

Quality Improvement Teams

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12
Q

a group that can provide input on a product/idea (see what people think)

A

Focus Group

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13
Q

generate a lot of possible ideas/solutions. Let the creativity begin, go wild with ideas

A

Brainstorming Group

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14
Q

provide feedback/guidance

A

Advisory Group

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15
Q

provides answers and makes decisions

A

Decision-Making Group

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16
Q

the whole is greater than the sum of its parts (collaborative vitality)

A

Synergy

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17
Q

the degree of closeness of group members

A

Cohesion

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18
Q

a strong dislike of working with others, prefers to work alone

A

Grouphate

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19
Q

an absence of critical thought. Want for unanimity overrides what’s best. Often happens in highly cohesive groups

A

Groupthink

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20
Q

In group process, the accomplishments of the group tend to be more in both _____ and _____ than the output of the same people would have working separately

A

Quantity and quality

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21
Q

3 reasons why working in groups is superior to working alone

A

Division of labor, increased individual energy/commitment, increased individual creativity

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22
Q

individual and group agendas for the project. Sometimes there are hidden ones (ex. get revenge, secret crush)

A

Group Goals

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23
Q

the different types of behavior performed by individual group members. Can be formal (designated) or informal (people’s individual strengths)

A

Group Roles

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24
Q

Group norms are ____ and group rules are ____.

A

Norms = unstated, rules = stated

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25
Q

3 types of leadership in small groups

A

Authoritarian (dictatorship), democratic (all are involved and valued), laissez-faire (hands off)

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26
Q

6 steps of problem solving

A

define problem/unmet needs, establish criteria, brainstorm, select best solution, implement solution, follow-up on solution

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27
Q

the process by which 3 or more members of a group exchange verbal and nonverbal messages in an attempt to influence one another

A

Small Group Communication

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28
Q

a human group that has been deliberately designed so as to achieve a desired objective/goal. Usually has many participants

A

Organization

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29
Q

the transmission of messages, through both formal and informal channels, of a relatively large, deliberately designed group, resulting in the construction of meanings that influence its members, both as individuals and groups

A

Organizational Communication

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30
Q

introduce young people to and teach them about the ways and the requirements of society

A

Educational Institutions

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31
Q

render order, predictability, and security in society

A

Government Institutions

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32
Q

help people understand and try to influence the supernatural

A

Religious Institutions

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33
Q

handle the production and distribution of goods and services for a society

A

Economic Institutions

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34
Q

the oldest and most fundamental institution, handles the bearing and rearing of children

A

The Family Institution

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35
Q

Key features of organizational communication

A

communication networks, links to external environments, and structure

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36
Q

the formal and informal linkages that bring together organizational members when they communicate

A

Communication Networks

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37
Q

organizations are affected by the context in which they reside: people, place, time, etc.

A

Links to External Environments

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38
Q

provides predictability for members so they understand roles, procedures, and expectations. Most organizations rely on a hierarchical structure

A

Structure

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39
Q

the ways of thinking, acting, and understanding work that are shared by members of an organization and that reflect an organization’s distinct identity

A

Organizational Culture

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40
Q

Communication alters culture, but

A

Culture also alters communication

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41
Q

4 kinds of communication that convey organizational culture

A

Vocabularies, stories, rites & rituals, and structure

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42
Q

the words used within an organization. Ex: hierarchical language, masculine language

A

Vocabularies

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43
Q

help distinguish levels of status among members in an organization (cashier, clerk, sales representative)

A

Hierarchical Language

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44
Q

use terms related to men’s interests and experiences (home run, game plan, stir the pot)

A

Masculine Language

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45
Q

the narratives shared within an organization. Humans are storytellers by nature. Includes corporate, personal, and collegial stories

A

Stories

46
Q

convey organizational values, legends, style, and history

A

Corporate Stories

47
Q

let others know how you see yourself/want to be seen

A

Personal Stories

48
Q

offer accounts of other members (informal)

A

Collegial Stories

49
Q

dramatic, planned set of activities that bring together aspects of cultural ideology in a single event (promotion, tenure, holiday parties, graduation, etc.)

A

Rite

50
Q

a regularly occurring form of communication that members perceive as familiar and routine parts of organizational life. Includes personal, social, and task rituals

A

Ritual

51
Q

individual routine behaviors

A

Personal Rituals

52
Q

affirm relationships between members

A

Social Rituals

53
Q

perform the job

A

Task Rituals

54
Q

help organize relationships and interaction between members of an organization. Includes roles, rules, policies, and communication networks (grapevine)

A

Structures

55
Q

a reliable informal communication network

A

Grapevine

56
Q

responsibilities/behaviors connected to a position

A

Roles

57
Q

patterned ways of interacting

A

Rules

58
Q

formal statements of practices (benefits, medical leave)

A

Policies

59
Q

a deliberately designed plan for the goals, norms, roles, ranks, and control in an organization

A

Bureaucracy

60
Q

Challenges of organizational communication

A

need to adapt to diverse situations, individuals, and needs. Managing personal relationships

61
Q

an enlarged and prepared conversation with an audience who is physically present

A

Public Communication

62
Q

preparation, organization, delivery, analysis

A

Stages of public communication

63
Q

fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication encounters

A

Communication Apprehension

64
Q

nervous in just about all communication encounters

A

Trait Anxiety

65
Q

nervous in specific or certain communication encounters

A

State Anxiety

66
Q

Ways to manage communication apprehension

A

positive visualization, cognitive restructuring, systematic desensitization

67
Q

see yourself performing confidently

A

Positive Visualization

68
Q

change how you think/approach speaking opportunities

A

Cognitive Restructuring

69
Q

the process of gradual exposure to reduce anxiety

A

Systematic Desensitization

70
Q

Audience analysis may include (3 factors):

A

demographics, psychographics, environmental

71
Q

traits of the audience. Includes age, gender, group membership, culture, etc.

A

Demographic Analysis

72
Q

addresses audience’s thoughts (about speaker, topic, speaker covering a specific topic)

A

Psychographic Analysis

73
Q

examines the time of day of the speech, audience size, location, resources, or tools available for the speaker (microphone, visuals/technology, etc.)

A

Environmental Analysis

74
Q

to inform, to persuade, to entertain

A

General Purposes

75
Q

what a speaker exactly wants to accomplish with the audience. 4 main kinds

A

Organizational Pattern

76
Q

time/sequence

A

Temporal/Chronological Organizational Pattern

77
Q

geographic/physical space, proximity

A

Spatial Organizational Pattern

78
Q

presents the problem followed by a solution

A

Problem-Solution Organizational Pattern

79
Q

a subtopic of the subject understudy

A

Topical Organization

80
Q

includes transitions and sign-posts

A

Connectives

81
Q

phrases that connect main ideas/points

A

Transition

82
Q

signal an important aspect of the speech (can be a single word or phrase)

A

Sign-Posts

83
Q

speaker believability. Resides in the audience, not the speaker

A

Credibility

84
Q

before the speaker is seen (credibility)

A

Initial

85
Q

once the speaker is seen and throughout the speech (credibility)

A

Derived

86
Q

once the speaker is gone from sight (credibility)

A

Terminal

87
Q

speak with little to no preparation time

A

Impromptu Delivery

88
Q

write out speech and commit it to memory

A

Memorized Delivery

89
Q

read/write out speech and then read it to audience

A

Manuscript Delivery

90
Q

prepared speech, often use of notecards or outline. A flexible delivery style that combines the positive aspects of manuscript, memorized, and impromptu speaking

A

Extemporaneous Delivery

91
Q

listening. Examine self and others to improve

A

Analysis

92
Q

the process of creating shared meaning between the mass media and their audiences

A

Mass Communication

93
Q

books, magazines, newspapers

A

Print Media

94
Q

radio, TV, sound recordings, film, internet, video games

A

Electronic Media

95
Q

advertising (more control) and public relations (less control)

A

Media Industries

96
Q

messages are wholly accepted/received. Not true

A

Direct Effects/Hypodermic Needle/ Linear Model/ Magic Bullet Theory

97
Q

opinion leaders are more influential on a personal level than direct media messages. Mass Media -> Opinion Leader -> Individual in contact with OL

A

2-Step Flow

98
Q

effects of media exposure occur with repeated exposure over time

A

Cumulative Effect

99
Q

consumers are “active agents” who can choose what they want from media (information or pleasure)

A

Uses and Gratifications Theory

100
Q

media spotlights issues/events/people. Tells us what to think about

A

Agenda Setting Theory

101
Q

4 steps of agenda setting

A

selection, omission, priming, framing

102
Q

what is included in a report

A

Selection

103
Q

what is excluded in a report

A

Omission

104
Q

how much time is given to an issue/topic

A

Priming

105
Q

how points are emphasized/downplayed

A

Framing

106
Q

screen messages to help shape perceptions about events or people (like editors, authors, or broadcasters)

A

Gatekeepers

107
Q

the cumulative process by which TV helps foster beliefs about society (often incorrect). The more TV you watch, the greater the effect

A

Cultivation Theory

108
Q

reality matches the media narrative

A

Resonance

109
Q

becomes the norm. Stabilizing view of society

A

Mainstreaming

110
Q

belief that the world is a dangerous place

A

Mean World Syndrome

111
Q

the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and communicate messages

A

Media Literacy

COMM220 (5 decks)

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