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COMM220 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

a learned (not inherited) way of life that shapes a groups’ beliefs, values, actions (norms), and social practices. Shared interpretations. Involves large groups

A

Culture

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2
Q

an idea about the world people assume to be true/false (ex. what happens when you die)

A

Beliefs

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3
Q

involve what a culture regards as good/bad, right/wrong, beautiful/ugly (ex. respect for elders)

A

Values

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4
Q

the socially shared expectations of appropriate behavior. Unstated rules (ex. greeting people)

A

Norms

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5
Q

the predictable behavioral patterns that members of a culture typically follow. Outward manifestations of beliefs, values, and norms (ex. funerals)

A

Social Practices

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6
Q

a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, norms (actions), and social practices, which affect the behaviors of a relatively large group of people

A

Intercultural Communication

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7
Q

the single most important guideline for adapting communication to other cultures

A

Engaging in Person-Centered Communication

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8
Q

assumption that one’s own culture is right/superior. The only right one

A

Ethnocentrism

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9
Q

decisions based on individual needs. People speak out, question, are confrontational

A

Individualism

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10
Q

decision-making is based on what’s best for the group. People blend in, avoid conflict, use intermediaries

A

Collectivism

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11
Q

read between the lines. Focus on nonverbals. Relationships are more important than task. Process is more important than product

A

High Context

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12
Q

literal meaning. Focus on verbal communication. Task is more important than relationships. Product is more important than process

A

Low Context

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13
Q

students depend on teachers. Military government. Powerful people look powerful. Respect authority

A

High Power Distance

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14
Q

teachers treat students as equals. Government based on majority. Powerful look less powerful. Respect individuality

A

Low Power Distance

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15
Q

competitive, stress success, and vocation-oriented

A

Masculine/Assertive

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16
Q

focus on cooperation, awareness of those who are in need

A

Feminine/Nurturing

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17
Q

uncertainty is fine, change is not scary (accepts change). Willing to take risks. Tolerant towards “other” or variation/experimentation. Progressive

A

Low Uncertainty Avoidance

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18
Q

uncertainty is not fine. Change is scary. Avoid risks. Xenophobic. Traditional

A

High Uncertainty Avoidance

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19
Q

a sense of self connected to group/cultural identities

A

Social Identity

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20
Q

a sense of self as a unique individual

A

Personal Identity

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21
Q

a constantly evolving understanding of oneself

A

Self

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22
Q

the nonvocal process of thinking. AKA intrapersonal communication

A

Self-talk

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23
Q

how you describe yourself at a given time. Is subjective (biased), flexible (can create personal exceptions), and resistant (doesn’t want to change)

A

Self-concept

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24
Q

the image of a person based on possessions; body is most fundamental

A

Material Self

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25
Q

the image a person wants to appear to others

A

Presenting (public/social)

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26
Q

the person we believe ourselves to be in moments of candor

A

Perceived (private/spiritual)

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27
Q

how you evaluate yourself

A

Self-Esteem

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28
Q

a person’s self concept mirrors the way the person believes others regard him/her. Seen through “particular others” or “generalized other”

A

Reflected Appraisal Theory

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29
Q

evaluation of oneself in terms of or by comparison to others (reference groups)

A

Social Comparison Theory

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30
Q

groups against which we compare ourselves (social comparison)

A

Reference Groups

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31
Q

people whose opinion is important enough to affect one’s self-concept (reflected appraisal)

A

Particular/Significant Others

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32
Q

awareness of one’s self and the ability to adapt to the situation at hand

A

Self-monitoring

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33
Q

an expectation of an event, followed by behaviors that make the outcome more likely to occur (ex. believing in yourself improves test scores). Can be self-imposed or other-imposed

A

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

34
Q

have realistic expectations and perception of yourself, have the will and skill to change

A

How to change yourself

35
Q

communication between people, usually in close relationships such as friendship and romance

A

Interpersonal Communication

36
Q

Interpersonal Communication aspects: ____ defines communication between 2 people. _____ defines communication where parties consider each other unique individuals rather than objects

A

Quantitative, Qualitative

37
Q

may develop when we engage in interpersonal communication

A

Interpersonal relationships

38
Q

2 types of interpersonal relationships

A

Relationships of Circumstance (impersonal) and relationships of choice (interpersonal)

39
Q

the reasons we form relationships with some people over others

A

Elements of Attraction

40
Q

element of attraction that’s especially important in the early stages of a relationship

A

Appearance

41
Q

element of attraction. finds comfort with those who share similar values, beliefs, economic standing, education, etc. Matching hypothesis

A

Similarity

42
Q

element of attraction. relationship balance with strengths and weaknesses (fill in the gaps)

A

Complementary Needs

43
Q

tangible or intangible positive aspects/outcomes of a relationship

A

Rewards

44
Q

tangible or intangible negative aspects/outcomes of a relationship

A

Costs

45
Q

we seek out and stay in relationships where we perceive the rewards to be greater than or at least equal to the costs

A

Social Exchange Theory

46
Q

element of attraction. knowledgeable, intelligent, skilled, but able to admit mistakes

A

Competency

47
Q

element of attraction. attract admiration/attention of others

A

Charisma

48
Q

element of attraction. can be trusted, are believable

A

Credible

49
Q

element of attraction. share space, interact with frequently. Most fundamental element

A

Proximity

50
Q

element of attraction. sharing information about oneself, helps to build trust

A

Disclosure

51
Q

element of attraction. we are attracted to those that show interest

A

Reciprocation of Liking

52
Q

10 steps illustrating communication behaviors

A

Knapp’s Model of Relational Stages

53
Q

1st relational stage. making contact

A

Initiating

54
Q

2nd relational stage. small talk, like an interview/audition

A

Experimenting

55
Q

3rd relational stage. express feelings, test commitment, relational excitement/euphoria

A

Intensifying

56
Q

4th relational stage. become a social unit, “we” language

A

Integrating

57
Q

5th relational stage. public gestures of commitment (become official). engagement or marriage

A

Bonding

58
Q

6th relational stage. Reestablish individual interests

A

Differentiating

59
Q

7th relational stage. communication begins to decrease in quantity and quality

A

Circumscribing

60
Q

8th relational stage. no relational growth

A

Stagnating

61
Q

9th relational stage. begin to create distance, withdraw

A

Avoiding

62
Q

10th relational stage. ending the relationship

A

Terminating

63
Q

a stage of closeness in a relationship (dimensions, not levels) Physical, emotional, intellectual, shared activities

A

Intimacy

64
Q

a promise to remain in a relationship

A

Relational commitment

65
Q

a state in which each person’s behavior affects everyone else in the relationship

A

Interdependence

66
Q

the resources we put into a relationship

A

Investment

67
Q

explores the distribution of resources. People are satisfied in equitable relationships

A

Equity Theory

68
Q

waiting for a reward to come later. Maybe the reward will be greater

A

Delayed Gratification Theory

69
Q

deliberately revealing significant and personal information that otherwise would not be known. Social Penetration Theory

A

Self-disclosure

70
Q

the information disclosed will vary in depth and breadth depending on the relationship (breadth = range of topics, depth = how deep you go)

A

Social Penetration Theory

71
Q

conflicts that arise when two opposing or incompatible forces exist simultaneously

A

Dialectical tensions

72
Q

explores how people in relationships manage relational tensions of conflicting desire

A

Relational Dialectics Theory

73
Q

together or independent tension

A

Connection vs. Autonomy

74
Q

disclosure or keep quiet fashion

A

Openness vs. Privacy

75
Q

routine or new tension

A

Predictability vs. Novelty

76
Q

first 3 stages of IC. Initiating, experimenting, intensifying

A

Relational Initiation

77
Q

stages 4 and 5 of IC. Integrating, bonding

A

Relational Maintenance

78
Q

last 5 stages of IC. Differentiating, circumscribing, stagnating, avoiding, terminating

A

Relational Termination

79
Q

Indirect strategies of relational termination

A

withdrawal, pseudo de-escalation, cost escalation

80
Q

Direct strategies of relational termination

A

negative identity management, justification, positive tone

COMM220 (5 decks)

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