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Cell Bio > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Autocrine

A

self cell signaling

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2
Q

Paracrine

A

close cell signaling

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3
Q

Endorine

A

further cell signaling (bloodstream)

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4
Q

Sensor

A

Histidine Protein Kinase

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5
Q

Effector

A

Response regulator Aspartic acid protein kinase

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6
Q

Kinase

A

protein which can transfer a phosphate anion to another protein.

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7
Q

Phsophatase

A

proteins which remove phosphate from another protein.

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8
Q

Quorum Sensing

A

density dependent bacteria signaling, sends out autoinducer which migrates back into the bacteria.
outside sensing of bacteria concentration

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9
Q

Auto Inducer

A

signaling molecules thar are produced in responce to changes in cell-population density.

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10
Q

cAMP

A

secondary messenger in beta-adrenergic receptor.

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11
Q

Mitogen

A

small bioactive protein or peptide that induces a cell to begin cell division or enhances the rate division (mitosis)

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12
Q

Half life

A
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13
Q

DAG

A

PIP2 and water bind to DAG. it paired with IP3 turn off glycogen synthesis

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14
Q

G-Protein coupled receptor

A

beta-adrenergic receptor starts signaling. Gby binds to bARK which works with PKA to phosphorylate the GPCR cytoplasmic tail. This can now be internalized and either degraded in the lysosome or recycled into the plasma membrane.

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15
Q

G-protein

A

Heterotrimeric: Gaby.
G alpha contain built-in GTPase activity
Gby remain associated

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16
Q

Arrestin

A

binds to inhibit further signal transduction. binds to the phosphorylated GPCR cytoplasmic tail. this complex in internalized by endocytic vesicles in the cytoplasm. It the dissociates and can rebuild another GPCR.

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17
Q

Adenylyl cyclase

A

membrane protein that takes signal from Galpha to make cAMP

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18
Q

beta- adrenergic receptor

A

start of the GPCR signaling. Ligand in epinephrine binds releasing Gby.

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19
Q

Phosphatidylinositol

A
  1. is phosphorylated to make PI(4,5) P2
  2. PI specific phospholipase cleaves the phosphorylated inositol form the lipid producing 2 secondary messengers: cIP3 and membrane bound diacyl glycerol
  3. IP3 is ligand for Ca2+ on smooth ER, causing Ca2+ release
  4. DAG can activate protein kinase C which is a serine-threonine kinase
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19
Q

Inositol Triphosphate

A

secondary messenger made from PI specific phospholipase, is ligand for Ca2+ release in smooth ER

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20
Q

Protein kinase C

A

a serine-threonine kinase made from from DAG activating it.

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21
Q

Phospholipase

A
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22
Q

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

A

receptors which auto-phosphorylate and pass signal to cell effector.

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23
Q

MAP

A

Mitogen Activated Protein
activated my Raf which is activated by Ras.
phosphorylation kinase cascade.

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24
Q

Auto-phosphorylation

A

Occurs in insulin receptor which after auto-phosphorylation phosphorylates Shc which binds to GRB2 assisting with SOS binding to Ras.

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25
Q

Receptor Tyrosine Linked Kinase

A

receptors which lack kinase activity. These receptors rely on another molecule to phosphorylate and pass the signal to the cell effector.

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26
Q

Ras

A

inactive when GDP bound
active when GTP bound
inhibited by GDI
mediated by GEF on and GAP off
activate Raf which activates MAP

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27
Q

Guanine dissociation inhibitor

A

inhibits conversion of GDP to GTP in Ras

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28
Q

GTPase activating protein

A

GAP- mediates GTP to GDP

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29
Q

Guanine exchange factor

A

GEF- mediates GDP to GTP

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30
Q

maturating promoting factor

A
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31
Q

Ras Activated Factor`

A

activated by Ras. is MAPKK, initiates MAP

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32
Q

Nuclear Receptor

A
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33
Q

Response element

A
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34
Q

Orphan Receptors

A
35
Q

Raloxifene-HCl

A

agonist in bone tissue for osteoporosis.

36
Q

SERM

A
37
Q

Tamoxifen/ Taxol

A
38
Q

Agonist

A

activate receptor signaling by mimicking the natural ligand

39
Q

Antagonist

A

Block the binding of physiological agonists without promoting structural changes needed for signal transduction

40
Q

Bleb

A
41
Q

Death Domain Receptor

A
42
Q

BCI-2

A
43
Q

Bax, Bad, Bak

A
44
Q

Procaspase

A
45
Q

Caspase

A
46
Q

Executioner Caspase

A
47
Q

Apoptosome

A
48
Q

APAF

A
49
Q

Caspase 8

A
50
Q

Caspase 9

A
51
Q

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)

A

ligand for receptor mediated- apoptosis pathway, activates death domains

52
Q

TNF receptor

A
53
Q

Adapter Death Domain

A
54
Q

Granzyme

A
55
Q

Perforin

A
56
Q

Caspase activated DNase

A
57
Q

Convergence

A

multiple signals come to the same effector, cell must base response on combination, timing, and strength of these signals

58
Q

Divergence

A

The same ligand may signal through different pathways based upon tissue type, receptor makeup, other signals

59
Q

Crosstalk

A

different signaling cascades and pathways communicate with one another so multiple responses may occur from one signaling event causing multiple downstream events involving other pathways.

60
Q

Cytochrome-C

A
61
Q

SOS

A
62
Q

GRB2

A
63
Q

Thyroid receptors

A

type 2 nuclear receptor

64
Q

Steroid receptors

A

type 1 nuclear receptors

65
Q

G1 phase

A

part of interphase, normal growth and division

66
Q

S phase

A

part of interphase, synthesis phase for DNA and chromosome duplication

67
Q

G2 phase

A

part of interphase, cell growth prior to mitosis, organelles replicate

68
Q

M phases

A

mitotic events: Prophase, Prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

69
Q

Cyclin D

A

launch point to regulate G1 activity

70
Q

Cyclin A

A
71
Q

Cyclin B

A
72
Q

Cdk 4+6

A
73
Q

Cdk 2

A
74
Q

Cdk 1

A
75
Q

26-S Proteasome

A
76
Q

Temp. Sensitive Mutants

A
77
Q

Ubiquitin

A
78
Q

Ubiquitin Ligase

A

Anaphase Promoting Complex. adds polyubiquitin chain to cyclin.

79
Q

Destruction Box

A
80
Q

Polyubiquitin Isopeptidase

A

in cyclin degradation removes polyubiquitin chain and recycles it.

81
Q

p21

A
82
Q

p53

A
83
Q

MDM2

A
84
Q

Retino Blastoma

A

Cell Bio (6 decks)

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