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Cell Bio > Exam 2 vocab > Flashcards

Exam 2 vocab Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Promoter (proximal and distal)

A

site on the gene where transcription factors bind. TATA box located directly upstream of the start site. TATA box has consensus sequences

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2
Q

Basal transcription factors

A

required to assemble the transcription complex TFII. mediator coordinates.

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3
Q

regulatory transcription factor

A

mediator coordinates.

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4
Q

Enhancer element

A

elements which enhance transcription by helping transcription factors bind to promoter, activators bind to enhancers. can be up or down stream.

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5
Q

Activator

A

proteins which may alter chromatin structure or interact with the mediator or other transcription factors.

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6
Q

Inducible factor

A

bind to upstream elements that are regulated by an inducer

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7
Q

Co-Activator

A

proteins which may alter chromatin structure or interact with the mediator or other transcription factors.

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8
Q

CpG Island

A

areas rich in CG repeats. methylation of c can inhibit gene expression due to enhanced chromatin compaction by methyl binding proteins.

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9
Q

methyl Binding Proteins

A

Bind to

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10
Q

TATA box

A
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11
Q

TFIID

A

made up of TATA binding proteins and TBP-associating factors. can bind to the TATA binding complex. binds to DNA and bends it through electrostatic properties.

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12
Q

T.F. Binding element

A
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13
Q

TFIIB

A

bind to DNA at TFIID. which through electrostatic properties can bend open proteins.

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14
Q

TFIIH

A

bind to the rest of the preinitiation complex. phosphorylates the carboxyl terminal of RNA POL II

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15
Q

RNA POL I

A

reads class I genes, rRNA

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16
Q

RNA POL II

A

reads class II genes (genes encoding proteins). produces mRNA. reads 3 to 5

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17
Q

RNA POL III

A

tRNA, small rRNA and small viral RNAs

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18
Q

mediator

A

a multiprotein complex which regulates transcription between activators, coactivators, transcription factors and TFIID. Coordinates between regulatory and basal TF, allowing basel to bind.

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19
Q

Silencer

A

interact with repressor proteins which block activator/ coactivator from interacting with transcription factors or the initiation complex.

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20
Q

Insulator

A

act as boundaries between genes to ensure the “correct” gene gets transcribed.

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21
Q

Wildtype

A

normal form of DNA sequence

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22
Q

Mutant

A

organisms that contain one or more mutations.

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23
Q

Intron

A

noncoding DNA

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24
Q

Exon

A

coding DNA

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25
Q

polA tail

A
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26
Q

PABP

A
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27
Q

mGuanine cap

A
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28
Q

transcription initiation

A
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29
Q

ranscription elongation

A
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30
Q

hnRNA

A
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31
Q

mRNA

A
32
Q

code

A

sense

33
Q

sense

A

is translation template which is what is read. 5 to 3

34
Q

Codon

A

3 nucleotides from the copy of the sense strand

35
Q

Anti-code

A

antisense, template

36
Q

antisense

A

anti-code, template

37
Q

anti-codon

A

corresponding 3 nucleotide sequence form the template strand.

38
Q

template strand

A

anti-code and antisense strand.

39
Q

HAT

A
40
Q

HdAC

A
41
Q

euchromatin

A

non condensed nucleoprotein complex in the nucleus. active and acetylated histones with unmethylated cytosines.

42
Q

Heterochromatin

A

condensed (transcriptionally inactive) nucleoprotein complex in the nucleus. has methylated cytosines and the histones are deacetylated

43
Q

histone

A

small basic protein that condense DNA
linker histone = H1
Core histones = H3, H4, H2A and H2B

44
Q

nucleosome

A

octamer of 2 of each of the core histones complexed with 146 bp of DNA

45
Q

Zinc finger

A
46
Q

helix-loop-helix

A

found in transcription factors which have DNA binding and protein interaction domains.

47
Q

Leucine Zip

A
48
Q

monocistronic

A

(eukaryotes) one promoter one gene

49
Q

polycistronic

A

(prokaryotes) one promoter many proteins

50
Q

Epigenetic

A

heritable gene regulation that does not involve changes in the DNA code. is regulated through methylation of CpG islands.

51
Q

structural gene

A
52
Q

non-structural gene

A
53
Q

Ubiquitin

A
54
Q

Acylation

A
55
Q

Sumolaytion

A
56
Q

microRNA

A
57
Q

Half-life

A
58
Q

Redundant, degenerate

A
59
Q

wobble base

A
60
Q

non-standard nucleotide

A
61
Q

shine/delgarno and Kozac sequences

A
62
Q

formyl-methione

A
63
Q

30S

A
64
Q

50S

A
65
Q

70S

A
66
Q

40S

A
67
Q

60S

A
68
Q

80S

A
69
Q

IFS 1

A
70
Q

IFS 2

A
71
Q

IFS 3

A
72
Q

eIF4E

A
73
Q

eIF4G

A
74
Q

eIF4A

A
75
Q

A site

A
76
Q

P site

A
77
Q

E site

A

Cell Bio (6 decks)

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