Exam 3.2

Question 1

What is a psychoactive substance?

Answer 1

Substances that affect mental functioning in the central nervous system (CNS)
- Alcohol, nicotine, barbiturates, amphetamines,
cannabis, etc.

Question 2

What is substance abuse?

Answer 2

Excessive use of substances that result in potentially dangerous behavior, as well as continued use despite persisting social, psychological, occupational, or health problems

Question 3

What is substance dependence?

Answer 3

Distinct physiological need for consuming increasing amounts of substance(s) to achieve desired effects
- Individuals show tolerance and withdrawal symptoms

Question 4

What is Heavy Episodic Drinking?

Answer 4

The consumption of 6+ alcoholic drinks on 1+ occasions, at least once a month

Question 5

What is Alcohol Use Disorder?

Answer 5

Problematic pattern of alcohol that leads to significant impairments and distress

Question 6

What groups and environments are Alcohol Use Disorder common in?

Answer 6

• Risk 2x higher in men
• Strong presence in the workplace
• Those with brain shrinkage
• Native Americans
• Can develop during any life period

Question 7

What is the most common BAC limit for driving in the U.S.?

Answer 7

0.08%

Question 8

What is Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium?

Answer 8

State of withdrawal induced by prolonged drinking binge

Question 9

What is Alcohol Amnestic Disorder?

Answer 9

Memory disturbances that can bring about distortions in recollection and associations of objects and people

• If left untreated, brain damage from it becomes permanent

Question 10

What are the objectives of treatment for alcohol-related disorders?

Answer 10

Detoxification, physical rehabilitation, self-control, and encouraging a belief that life can be rewarding without substances

Question 11

What medication is known to block the desire to drink?

Answer 11

Naltrexone

Question 12

What medications reduce severity of side effects from detoxification?

Answer 12

Valium, Diazepam

Question 13

What is Aversive Conditioning Therapy?

Answer 13

Suppresses drinking behavior by associating negative stimuli with alcohol consumption

Question 14

What happens when using classical conditioning in treating alcohol-related disorders?

Answer 14

Consuming alcohol before an injection of emetine hydrochloride causes any sight or smell or thought of alcohol to be associated with unpleasant physiological responses

Question 15

What are the most commonly used substances in Western society?

Answer 15

Opiates, Stimulants, Sedatives, Hallucinogens, Benzodiazepines, Pain medications

Question 16

What is opium?

Answer 16

Powerful sedative and pain reliever that depresses and slows down central nervous system

• Is highly addictive
• Activates dopamine pathway, aka the “pleasure pathway”
• Ex. Morphine, heroin, codeine

Question 17

After how many hours do opiate addicts experience withdrawal symptoms if they do not redose?

Answer 17

8 hours

Question 18

How is alcohol a stimulant?

Answer 18

It releases dopamine and increases heart rate

Question 19

Is alcohol a stimulant or depressant?

Answer 19

Both

Question 20

What is the CAGE acronym?

Answer 20

Relating to 3+ of the words means there is a high likelihood that alcohol use is out of control and that rehab may be beneficial

• Cut back
• Annoyed
• Guilt
• Eye-Opening

Question 21

What does Alcoholics Anonymous focus their treatment on?

Answer 21

Abstinence

Question 22

What percent of men and women choose abstinence from alcohol today?

Answer 22

28% of men, 50% of women

Question 23

At what mg/l do stimulant and depressant effects occur in alcohol consumption?

Answer 23

< 0.05 mg/l: Stimulant effects

> 0.08 mg/l: Depressant effects

Question 24

What hormone is adrenaline?

Answer 24

Epinephrine

Question 25

What psychologist inspired Alcoholics Anonymous?

Answer 25

Carl Jung

Question 26

What tissue determines how long it will take for cannabis to leave the body?

Answer 26

Fat

Question 27

How many of those with alcohol use disorders receive treatment?

Answer 27

< 1/3
- Many people deny problems exist and may not be motivated to work on them

Question 28

What are cathinones?

Answer 28

Mimic the active ingredients in amphetamines and cocaine