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Abnormal Psychology > Exam 2.3 > Flashcards

Exam 2.3 Flashcards

1
Q

What does “soma” mean?

A

“body”

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2
Q

What are the 4 disorders in the DSM-V in the category of Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders?

A
  • Somatic Symptom Disorder
  • Illness Anxiety Disorder
  • Conversion Disorder
  • Factitious Disorder
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3
Q

What previous conditions are combined in the DSM-V for Somatic Symptom Disorder?

A
  • Hypochondriasis
  • Somatization Disorder
  • Pain Disorder
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4
Q

What are some symptoms of Somatic Symptom Disorder?

A
  • 1+ somatic symptoms that cause distress and disrupt functioning
  • Symptoms lasting 6+ months
  • Excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to the somatic symptoms and health concerns
    • Concerns about seriousness of symptoms
    • High levels of anxiety about symptoms
    • Excessive time and energy spent focused on symptoms and health concerns
  • A symptom may not always be present, but the state of being symptomatic is persistent
  • Symptoms are not caused by another condition
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5
Q

What are some causal factors of Somatic Symptom Disorder, according to the Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective?

A
  • Distorted perceptions of bodily sensations and their meanings
  • Top-down processes, in which bodily sensations are associated with symptoms of illness
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6
Q

What are some causal factors of Somatic Symptom Disorder, according to the Psychoanalytic Perspective?

A
  • Physical symptoms are the result of internal, unconscious conflicts
  • Psychic energy translates internal, unconscious conflicts into physical symptoms
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7
Q

What is a common treatment for Somatic Symptom Disorder?

A

CBT

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8
Q

What are the key differences between Illness Anxiety Disorder and Somatic Symptom Disorder?

A
  • Somatic Symptom Disorder requires physical symptoms
  • Illness Anxiety Disorder only requires a persistent, excessive worry about having an illness
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9
Q

What are some clinical features of Conversion Disorder?

A
  • Neurological symptoms affecting motor skills, such as paralysis, blindness, deafness, etc.
  • Symptoms are not caused by another legitimate condition
  • Disruptions in sensory and motor functioning, can include seizures
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10
Q

What are potential causes of Conversion Disorder, according to the Psychoanalytic Perspective?

A
  • Internal sexual conflicts or other psychological issues convert into physical symptoms
  • Extreme stress
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11
Q

What are common treatments for Conversion Disorder?

A
  • Hypnotic suggestion
  • CBT
  • Other behavioral therapies
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12
Q

What are some clinical features of Factitious Disorder?

A
  • Intentional fabrication of psychological and/or physical symptoms
  • Fabrication is not motivated by external rewards
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13
Q

What is malingering?

A
  • Not a disorder
  • Intentional fabrication or exaggeration of symptoms, motivated by external incentives such as avoiding work/school/legal responsibilities
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14
Q

What are the 3 dissociative disorders in the DSM-V?

A
  • Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
  • Dissociative Amnesia
  • Dissociative Identity Disorder
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15
Q

What are dissociative disorders?

A

Processes that typically regulate awareness and mental abilities become disorganized and disrupted, causing impairment in functioning and perceptions of consciousness/personal identity

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16
Q

What is dissociation?

A
  • Disruption and inconsistency in psychological functions
    • Memory
    • Identity
    • Consciousness
    • Perception
    • Motor control
17
Q

What are the clinical features of Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder?

A
  • Derealization: Sense of reality of the external world is temporarily absent
  • Depersonalization: Sense of one’s self and personal reality is temporarily absent
    • Detachment from the self physically and mentally
    • Feeling like an outside observer
  • Can still react with the environment (reality testing)
  • Not explained by drugs or other conditions
18
Q

What are some clinical features of Dissociative Amnesia?

A
  • Can be a defense mechanism
  • Inability to recall autobiographical information
  • Memory loss
  • Causes distress and impairs functioning
  • Cannot be attributed to or explained by normal forgetting, other conditions, or intoxication
19
Q

What is Retrograde Amnesia?

A

Partial or total inability to recall previously retained information/experiences

20
Q

What is Anterograde Amnesia?

A

Partial or total inability to retain new information

21
Q

What are some clinical features of a Dissociative Fugue?

A
  • Amnesic of the past and the identity of self/others
  • Deficits in episodic and autobiographical memory
  • Unaware of memory loss but can remember events that happen during the fugue
  • Able to behave “normally” but often lives a different lifestyle than before
  • Confusion when coming out of the fugue
  • Implicit memory is intact
22
Q

What are some clinical features of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?

A
  • Disruption of identity, in which there are 2+ distinct personality states (host and alters)
  • Recurrent episodes of amnesia
  • Involuntary trances, particularly when changing alters
  • Symptoms cause distress and impair functioning
  • Highly comorbid with PTSD
    • DSM-V now categorizes PTSD with DID symptoms as its own subtype
23
Q

Why is DID a controversial condition?

A

There is ongoing debate about how legitimate the condition is, especially because it is thought that some people fake the condition

24
Q

How do cultural factors influence the prevalence, treatments, and outcomes in dissociative disorders?

A
  • Variances in how accepted and legitimate behaviors are perceived and treated in a culture
  • Some cultures view dissociative behaviors in certain contexts as normal (spiritual rituals)
25
Q

What is Pathological Possession?

A
  • Involuntary and distressing dissociative experiences in certain cultures that are often explained as being the result of external possession from entities like demons
  • DSM-V now has 2 classifications for these forms of DID: Possession, Non-Possession
26
Q

What is “amok” and how is it treated?

A
  • A rage disorder prevalent in some cultures
  • Treated with hypnosis and/or prolonged treatment
27
Q

Which of the somatic disorders differs the most from the others?

A

Factitious Disorder

  • Symptoms are intentionally fabricated. This is different from the other disorders because the others involve genuine concern for the experiencer’s health
28
Q

What is the difference between functional and organic problems?

A

Organic: Condition can be detected and measured by physical or biochemical processes

Functional: Causal factors of a condition and its symptoms cannot be explained by any known processes

29
Q

What differentiates organic amnesia from psychogenic amnesia?

A

Psychogenic (Retrograde): Loss of autobiographical memory, semantic knowledge, and procedural skills

Organic (Anterograde): Cannot recall new information

30
Q

In what ways do the dissociative disorders exist on a continuum?

A

Experiences of someone with a dissociative disorder can range from slight disruptions in mental abilities/consciousness to full-on disconnection from reality and/or the self

Abnormal Psychology (8 decks)

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