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MID Exam 3 > Exam 3 - URIs > Flashcards

Exam 3 - URIs Flashcards

1
Q 
Rhinitis (Cold)
common causes (5)
A
  • parainfluenza
  • RSV
  • rhinoviruses
  • coronaviruses
  • enteroviruses
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2
Q

Rhinitis (Cold)

worse causes

A
  • influenza

- adenoviruses

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3
Q

Rhinitis (Cold)

epi/tranmiss

A
  • cold months
  • young children (res)
  • secretions, aersolized
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4
Q

Rhinitis (Cold)

clin/sx

A

-nasal drain/obstruction
-RSV, parainfl->pneumonia, croup,
bronchiolitis

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5
Q

Rhinitis (Cold)

dx

A
  • clinical sx

- r/o GAS if exudate

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6
Q

Rhinitis (Cold)

tx

A

-sx (vasoconstrictors, antihist, antipyr)

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7
Q

Pharyngitis

viral causes

A
  • rhino
  • adeno
  • influenza
  • parainfluenza
  • HSV, EBV, CMV
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8
Q

Pharyngitis

bacterial causes

A
  • Strep A/C
  • N. gonorrhea
  • C. diphteria
  • Mycoplasma
  • anaerobes
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9
Q

Pharyngitis

bacterial clin/sx

A
  • odynophagia, fever
  • erythematous pharynx
  • exudate
  • cervical adenopathy
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10
Q

Pharyngitis

viral clin/sx

A
  • milder than bacterial when influenza

- EBV and adenovirus can cause exudate

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11
Q

Pharyngitis

dx

A
  • rapid antigen for strep

- throat culture if negative

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12
Q

Pharyngitis

tx

A
  • viral: supportive

- strep: penicillin or macrolide

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13
Q

Epiglottitis

definition

A

-rapid cellulitis of epiglottis;

can occlude airway

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14
Q

Epiglottitis

cause

A
  • H. influenz (pediatric)

- S. pneum, Staph

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15
Q

Epiglottitis

clin/sx

A
  • 2-4 y/o
  • dysphonia, sore throat, odynophagia
  • drooling, resp distress, stridor
  • epiglottal erythema
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16
Q

Epiglottitis

dx

A
  • clin exam under anesthesia

- blood, epiglottal culture

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17
Q

Epiglottitis

tx

A
  • protect airway (intubation in kids)
  • abx for H. inflienz
  • chemoprophylaxis for <4yo
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18
Q

Croup

aka

A

acute laryngotracheobronchitis

19
Q

Croup

cause

A
  • parainfluenza 1/3/2
  • RSV, Rhino, Influenza
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
20
Q

Croup

sx

A
  • 3-36 mo/old
  • subglottic inflammation
  • hoarseness, cough, stridors, tachypnea
  • spasmodic croup
21
Q

Croup

dx

A

-clin

22
Q

Croup

tx

A
  • supportive
  • oxygen
  • nebulized epi, corticosteroids
23
Q

Otitis Externa

cause

A
  • Staph
  • Strep
  • Pseudomonas
  • fluid trapped in outr ear canal
24
Q

Otitis Externa

Acute localized

A
  • Staph furuncle
  • Strep erysipelas
  • Abx, drainage
25
Q

Otitis Externa

Acute diffuse OE

A
  • “swimmer’s ear”
  • edematous, red
  • pseudomonas perhaps (gram neg rods)
  • topical abx, steroids
26
Q

Otitis Externa

malignant OE

A
  • elderly, DM, AIDS
  • cartilage/bone/vessel involvement
  • Pseudomonas
  • long course abx
27
Q

Otitis Media

cause

A

1) Strep pneum
2) H. influenz
3) M. catarrhalis
4) Mycoplasma
5) Viral

28
Q

Otitis Media

path

A
  • eustachian tube
  • disequilibrium
  • secondary to URI
29
Q

Otitis Media

clin/sx

A
  • pain, drainage, fever, hearing loss

- erythema, fluid in middle ear

30
Q

Otitis Media

tx

A
  • cephalopsorins
  • augmentin
  • macrolides
  • myringotomy
  • adenoidectomy
  • tympanostomy tube
31
Q

Sinusitis

cause

A

1) S. pneum
2) H. influenz
3) viral
4) nosocomial staph, GNRs

32
Q

Sinusitis

clin/sx

A
  • nasal drainage, sinus pressure, headache, fever

- severe: bone involvement, brain abscess, meningitis

33
Q

Sinusitis

dx

A
  • clin

- sinus puncture + culture

34
Q

Sinusitis

tx

A

-abx (augmentin, cephs, macs, quins)

35
Q

Acute bronchitis

cause

A

-common cold
-adenoviruses
-influenza
some bacterial

36
Q

Acute bronchitis

clin/sx

A
  • nasal dc, cough, fever

- 50% have purulent sputum

37
Q

Acute bronchitis

dx

A

clinical

38
Q

Acute bronchitis

tx

A

sx (cough suppressant)

39
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

definition

A

-productive cough for >3 mos for

more than 2 yrs

40
Q

Chronic bronchitis

risk factors

A
  • smoking
  • infection
  • irritants
  • immunosuppression
41
Q

Chronic bronchitis

path

A
  • increased # goblet cells
  • hypertrophy of mucous glands
  • increased secretions, cough, bronchospasm
42
Q

Chronic bronchitis

dx

A

clin hx

43
Q

Chronic bronchitis

tx

A
  • smoking cessation

- abx (for H influenz, S. pneum) for acute exacerbation

MID Exam 3 (13 decks)

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