Exam 3 - Pediatric Exanthems Flashcards
“THE BIG 3”
- rubeola (measles)
- rubella (German measles)
- varicella (chix pox)
“the little 3”
- Scarlet Fever (GAS)
- erythema infectiosum (Fifth’s Dz)
- Roseola Infantum (exanthema subitum/HHV6)
Viral Exanthems
MacPap rash
5 Ruby-Scarlet Roses: 5th's Dz Rubella Rubeola Scarlet Fever (not a virus) Roseola
Viral Exanthems
Vesicular Rash
Cox and Pox and Herps:
Coxsaxckie handfootmouth
Chixpox VZV
Herpes HSV
Scarlet Fever
Clin/Sx
(besides the obvious)
- GAS
- erythro/pyrogenic toxinb
- “sandpaper” MacPap rash in skin folds
- desquamation
- tx w/ abx
Scarlet Fever
Complications
-Purulent: OM, sinusitis, throat abscess,
cervical adenitis
-Nonsuppurative: rheumatic fever,
glomerulonephritis
Measles/Rubeola
causative agent
paramyxovirus
Measles/Rubeola
transmiss/epi
- winter/spring
- droplet/nasopharyngeal spread
- contagious 7d prior through 2nd day of rash
Measles/Rubeola
Clin/Sx
- 4 day prodrome + viremia
- fever, coryza, conjunct, cough
- “KOPLIK’S SPOT” enanthem with whitehead
- MacPap irreg rash with blue/white speck
Measles/Rubeola
Complications
- pneumonia
- immun suppression, diarrhea, OM
- rare post-infectious encephalitis (SSPE)
Measles/Rubeola
dx
- clinical
- leukopenia
- IgM, IgG
Measles/Rubeola
tx
- Ribavirin for immunocompromised
- Vit A
German Measles/Rubella
causative agent
togavirus
German Measles/Rubella
transmiss/epi
- children, winter/spring
- moderate contagion, nasopharyngeal droplets
- elim’d in US, not globally
- contagious for 2 weeks after onset of rash
German Measles/Rubella
Clin/Sx
- prodrome
- top-to-bottom MacPap rash, NOT CONFLUENT
- postauricular, suboccipital lymphadenopathy
German Measles/Rubella
complications
- small jt arthritis (women)
- hemorrhagic complications, thrombocytopenia
- encephalitis
- congenital rubella syndrome
German Measles/Rubella
Dx
-IgM
Erythema Infectiosum (5th) Causative Agent
Parvovirus B19
Erythema Infectiosum (5th) epi/transmiss
- winter/spring
- children
- resp tranmiss
Erythema Infectiosum (5th) clin/sx
-prodrome
-then a week of asx
-then… A SLAP IN THE FACE, BEEEETCH
-then sexy lacy reticular rash on the trunk and extremities
(like a Vicky’s neglige that you put on after a good slapping)
Erythema Infectiosum (5th) rare/adult clin/sx
- acute arthritis (women); self-lim’d (months)
- aplastic crisis w/ hemolytic anemia (replicates in erythro progenitors
- chronic anemia w/ immunosuppression
- 2nd semester fetal demise (don’t wear negligee’s when knocked up)
Roseola Infantum
Casuative Agent
-HHV6
Roseola Infantum
transmiss/epi
- most babes by 24 mo
- spring/fall
- swapping spit
Roseola Infantum
Clin/sx
1) abrupt high fever (4 days)
2) fever stops, pale pink MacPap rash starts
3) atypical lymphocytes
Mono-ish in adults
Rare febrile seizures, encephalitis
