Exam 3: The Foot and Ankle Flashcards
Which bones make up the leg
tibia and fibula
What bones make up the foot and ankle
tibia fibula 7 tarsal 5 metatarsals 14 phalanges
What are the three parts of the foot
hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot
Which bones make up the hindfoot
talus and calcaneus
Which part of the foot does the talus and calcaneus make up?
hindfoot
Which bones make up the midfoot
navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiforms
Which bones make up the forefoot
5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges
The ____ is first to contact the ground in gait
foot
True or False:
In regards to the foot and ankle in the kinetic chain, the ankle’s position and ability to do it’s job effects the entire kinetic chains
False, its the foot not the ankle
Even in static stance, the position of the ____ effects the knee, hip, and lumbosacral regions
foot
In static stance, which three regions are affected by the position of the foot
knee, hip, and lumbosacral
Which three nerves of the foot and ankle are subject to pressure and trauma
Common peroneal nerve
Posterior tibial nerve
Plantar and calcaneal nerve
What is the course of the common peroneal nerve
laterally around the fibular neck and passes through the opening in the peroneus longus muscle
Which nerve is subject to pressure because the nerve travels laterally around the fibular neck and passes through the opening in the peroneus longus muscle
common peroneal nerve
Which nerve entrapment may occur in the tarsal tunnel just posterior to the medial malleoli
posterior tibial nerve
Where would the posterior tibial nerve entrapment occur at?
in the tarsal tunnel just posterior to the medial malleoli
The plantar and calcaneal nerves are branches off the ____ ___ nerve
posterior tibial
What is the courses of the plantar and calcaneal nerve
They pass under the medial aspect of the foot and pass through an opening in the abductor hallucis muscle
Which nerves can become entrapped as they pass under the medial aspect of the food and pass through an opening in the abductor hallucis muscle
plantar and calcaneal nerves
Which nerve roots can cause referred pain or sensory changes of the foot and ankle
Terminal point for L4, L5, and S1 via the terminal branches of the peroneal and tibial nerves
What are three common pathologies of the foot and ankle that cause hypomobility
degenerative joint disease
post immobilization stiffness
gout
Where does gout typically occur in
The MTP of the great toe
What are four common body structure and function impairments of someone with hypomobility of the foot and ankle
decreased ROM
Pain
muscle weakness
poor balance
What may be the cause of muscle weakness in the foot and ankle because due to hypomobiity
deformity and mechanical disadvantages of the tendons
What are common activity limitations of someone with hypomobility in the foot and ankle
decrease ambulation due to pain
risk of falls
decreased ability to perform household and job related tasks due to inability to WB
During the protection phase, how would a clinician help decrease pain in a patient with hypomobility of the foot and ankle
gentle low grade mobilizations and orthotic devices
During the protection phase, how would a clinician help maintain joint and soft tissue mobility and muscle integrity
PROM, AAROM, AROM aquatic therapy, muscle setting
Which phase would a clinician perform gentle low grade mobilizations and use orthotic devices to decrease pain in patients with hypomobility in the ankle and foot
protection phase
Which phase would a clinician prescribe PROM, AAROM, AROM aquatic therapy, and muscle setting to maintain joint and soft tissue mobility and muscle integrity in patients with hypomobility in the ankle and foot
protection phase
During the controlled motion and return to function phase, what would a clinician prescribe for a patient with hypomobility in the foot and ankle
joint mobilizations and stretching, regain balance and strength, improve proprioception, and develop cardiovascular fitness
What are pathologies related to overuse and repetitive trauma syndromes
tendinitis/tenosynovitis
plantar fasciitis
shin splints
What are common impairments/disabilities of overuse and repetitive trauma syndromes of the foot and ankle
pain with palpations/activity pain with weight bearing muscle length/strength imbalances abnormal foot postures decreased ability to stand, decreased cadence of gait, restriction of sport activities
During the protection phase, what interventions can be done to treat patients with overuse and repetitive trauma syndromes in the foot and ankle
rest modalities possible immobilizations pain free ROM education
During the controlled motion and return to function phase self stretching can be done. Which muscles of the foot/ankle should be stressed if a patient has an overuse and repetitive trauma syndromes
gastroc/soleus and plantar fascia
What is the normal progression of exercise modes for overuse and repetitive trauma syndromes of the foot and ankle
isometrics to DCER
open and closed chain, foot intrinsic, endurance, and eccentric exercises
What are some common body structure and function impairments in ligamentous injuries in the foot and ankle
pain excessive motion or instability impaired balance edema decreased ROM at times
What are some common activity limitations in ligamentous injuries in the foot and ankle
restricted ambulation
difficulty walking, running or quick directional changes
In ligamentous injuries during the protection phase, what are some interventions that can be done
minimize swelling
gentle mobilization for pain and ROM
educate patient and circulation exercises
In ligamentous injuries during the controlled motion phase, what interventions can be done
NWB AROM
intrinsic
progress to strengthening, endurance, and stabilization as swelling decreases
In ligamentous injuries during the return to function phase, what interventions should be done
progress strengthening
progress stabilization and balance
Start agility and controlled twisting/lateral movements
In ligamentous injuries, when returning to sport ___ or ___ and wear proper shoes to prevent re-injury
tape or brace
