Exam 3: The Foot and Ankle

Question 1

Which bones make up the leg

Answer 1

tibia and fibula

Question 2

What bones make up the foot and ankle

Answer 2

tibia
fibula
7 tarsal
5 metatarsals
14 phalanges

Question 3

What are the three parts of the foot

Answer 3

hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot

Question 4

Which bones make up the hindfoot

Answer 4

talus and calcaneus

Question 5

Which part of the foot does the talus and calcaneus make up?

Answer 5

hindfoot

Question 6

Which bones make up the midfoot

Answer 6

navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiforms

Question 7

Which bones make up the forefoot

Answer 7

5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges

Question 8

The ____ is first to contact the ground in gait

Answer 8

foot

Question 9

True or False:

In regards to the foot and ankle in the kinetic chain, the ankle’s position and ability to do it’s job effects the entire kinetic chains

Answer 9

False, its the foot not the ankle

Question 10

Even in static stance, the position of the ____ effects the knee, hip, and lumbosacral regions

Answer 10

foot

Question 11

In static stance, which three regions are affected by the position of the foot

Answer 11

knee, hip, and lumbosacral

Question 12

Which three nerves of the foot and ankle are subject to pressure and trauma

Answer 12

Common peroneal nerve
Posterior tibial nerve
Plantar and calcaneal nerve

Question 13

What is the course of the common peroneal nerve

Answer 13

laterally around the fibular neck and passes through the opening in the peroneus longus muscle

Question 14

Which nerve is subject to pressure because the nerve travels laterally around the fibular neck and passes through the opening in the peroneus longus muscle

Answer 14

common peroneal nerve

Question 15

Which nerve entrapment may occur in the tarsal tunnel just posterior to the medial malleoli

Answer 15

posterior tibial nerve

Question 16

Where would the posterior tibial nerve entrapment occur at?

Answer 16

in the tarsal tunnel just posterior to the medial malleoli

Question 17

The plantar and calcaneal nerves are branches off the ____ ___ nerve

Answer 17

posterior tibial

Question 18

What is the courses of the plantar and calcaneal nerve

Answer 18

They pass under the medial aspect of the foot and pass through an opening in the abductor hallucis muscle

Question 19

Which nerves can become entrapped as they pass under the medial aspect of the food and pass through an opening in the abductor hallucis muscle

Answer 19

plantar and calcaneal nerves

Question 20

Which nerve roots can cause referred pain or sensory changes of the foot and ankle

Answer 20

Terminal point for L4, L5, and S1 via the terminal branches of the peroneal and tibial nerves

Question 21

What are three common pathologies of the foot and ankle that cause hypomobility

Answer 21

degenerative joint disease
post immobilization stiffness
gout

Question 22

Where does gout typically occur in

Answer 22

The MTP of the great toe

Question 23

What are four common body structure and function impairments of someone with hypomobility of the foot and ankle

Answer 23

decreased ROM
Pain
muscle weakness
poor balance

Question 24

What may be the cause of muscle weakness in the foot and ankle because due to hypomobiity

Answer 24

deformity and mechanical disadvantages of the tendons

Question 25

What are common activity limitations of someone with hypomobility in the foot and ankle

Answer 25

decrease ambulation due to pain risk of falls decreased ability to perform household and job related tasks due to inability to WB

Question 26

During the protection phase, how would a clinician help decrease pain in a patient with hypomobility of the foot and ankle

Answer 26

gentle low grade mobilizations and orthotic devices

Question 27

During the protection phase, how would a clinician help maintain joint and soft tissue mobility and muscle integrity

Answer 27

PROM, AAROM, AROM aquatic therapy, muscle setting

Question 28

Which phase would a clinician perform gentle low grade mobilizations and use orthotic devices to decrease pain in patients with hypomobility in the ankle and foot

Answer 28

protection phase

Question 29

Which phase would a clinician prescribe PROM, AAROM, AROM aquatic therapy, and muscle setting to maintain joint and soft tissue mobility and muscle integrity in patients with hypomobility in the ankle and foot

Answer 29

protection phase

Question 30

During the controlled motion and return to function phase, what would a clinician prescribe for a patient with hypomobility in the foot and ankle

Answer 30

joint mobilizations and stretching, regain balance and strength, improve proprioception, and develop cardiovascular fitness

Question 31

What are pathologies related to overuse and repetitive trauma syndromes

Answer 31

tendinitis/tenosynovitis plantar fasciitis shin splints

Question 32

What are common impairments/disabilities of overuse and repetitive trauma syndromes of the foot and ankle

Answer 32

``` pain with palpations/activity pain with weight bearing muscle length/strength imbalances abnormal foot postures decreased ability to stand, decreased cadence of gait, restriction of sport activities ```

Question 33

During the protection phase, what interventions can be done to treat patients with overuse and repetitive trauma syndromes in the foot and ankle

Answer 33

``` rest modalities possible immobilizations pain free ROM education ```

Question 34

During the controlled motion and return to function phase self stretching can be done. Which muscles of the foot/ankle should be stressed if a patient has an overuse and repetitive trauma syndromes

Answer 34

gastroc/soleus and plantar fascia

Question 35

What is the normal progression of exercise modes for overuse and repetitive trauma syndromes of the foot and ankle

Answer 35

isometrics to DCER | open and closed chain, foot intrinsic, endurance, and eccentric exercises

Question 36

What are some common body structure and function impairments in ligamentous injuries in the foot and ankle

Answer 36

``` pain excessive motion or instability impaired balance edema decreased ROM at times ```

Question 37

What are some common activity limitations in ligamentous injuries in the foot and ankle

Answer 37

restricted ambulation | difficulty walking, running or quick directional changes

Question 38

In ligamentous injuries during the protection phase, what are some interventions that can be done

Answer 38

minimize swelling gentle mobilization for pain and ROM educate patient and circulation exercises

Question 39

In ligamentous injuries during the controlled motion phase, what interventions can be done

Answer 39

NWB AROM intrinsic progress to strengthening, endurance, and stabilization as swelling decreases

Question 40

In ligamentous injuries during the return to function phase, what interventions should be done

Answer 40

progress strengthening progress stabilization and balance Start agility and controlled twisting/lateral movements

Question 41

In ligamentous injuries, when returning to sport ___ or ___ and wear proper shoes to prevent re-injury

Answer 41

tape or brace