EXAM 3 terms Flashcards
afterload
resistance against which the heart has to beat
- more resistance = harder to contract
- hypertension
aldosterone
hormone that helps regulate blood pressure by controlling the levels of sodium and potassium in your body
angiotensin
hormone that help regulate blood pressure and fluid balance in the body
angiotensin II receptors
type of protein that receive signals from the hormone angiotensin II. they are part of the renin-angiotensin system, which helps regulate blood pressure and volume
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme(ACE) inhibitor
a medication that relaxes blood vessels and lowers blood pressure
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
hormone that helps the body regulate water and salt balance, blood pressure, and urine production. Also known as vasopressin
arrhythmia
disruption in cardiac rhythm/rate
atrium
top chamber of the heart
Baroreceptors
nerve endings that sense blood pressure and blood flow in the body’s major arteries
cardiac cycle
the period between heartbeats, when the heart fills with blood and then pumps it out
cardiac output
volume of blood being pumped by the heart
diastole
resting phase of the heart
erythropoiesis
process of red blood cell production and life cycle
myocardial infarction
end result of vessel blockage in the heart leading to ischemia and necrosis
natriuretic peptide
peptide produced in the brain, heart, and vasculature. helps regulate blood pressure and volume
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system
hormone system that controls blood pressure, fluid balance, and electrolyte levels
sinoatrial (SA) node
pacemaker of the heart
systole
contracting phase of the heart
troponin
chemical in heart muscle that prevents the reaction between actin and myosin, leading to muscle relaxation. troponin is released into the blood when cardiomyocytes are damaged
ventricle
bottom chamber of the heart that contracts to pump blood out of the heart
preload
increased in blood return to the heart= causes heard to work harder
- congestive heart failure
