EXAM 2 pt.2 Flashcards
what is included in the lower respiratory tract
bronchial tree and alveoli
what do disorders in the lower respiratory tract have a direct impact on
gas exchange and oxygenation
what are bronchodilators/antiasthmatics used for
used to facilitate respiration by dilating the airway and providing relief in bronshospasm
what are different bronchodilators/antiasthmastics
Xanthines, Sympathomimetics, and Anticholinergics
drugs that affect inflammation
inhaled steroids and leukotriene receptor antagonists
what are lung surfactants
naturally occurring compounds that reduce the surface tension within the alveoli allowing expansion of the alveoli for gas exchange
what are antitussives
drugs that suppress the cough reflex
what do antitussives treat
treat common cold, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and pneumonia
examples of antitussives
codeine, hydrocodone, and dextromorphan
what do decongestants do
decrease overproduction of secretions by causing local vasoconstriction to upper respiratory tract
what can happen with prolonged used of decongestants
rebound congestion can occur with prolonged use
when should you not used a topical nasal decongestant
if there are lesions or erosion of the mucous membranes
risks when using oral decongestants
you may have drug-drug interactions with OTC meds- as they might have the same ingredient
what do antihistamines to
block the release of histamine and relieve respiratory symptoms to treat allergies
first generation antihistamines
diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, meclazine, promethazine
second generation antihistamines
cetirizine, fexofenadine, levocetrizine, loratidine
why are antihistamines often misused
because they are available OTC
what are expectorants used for
increase productive cough to clear airway by liquefying lower respiratory tract
example of expectorant
guaifenesin
what are mucolytics used for
increase/liquefy respiratory secretions to aid in clearing airway of THICK secretions
what disease processes are mucolytics used for
COPD, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, or TB
examples of mucolytics
acetylcyctine
what type of toxicity can mucolytics treat
acetaminophen because it normalizes heptic gluthathione levels and metabolizes it
drug to drug interactions to avoid with antitussives
MAOIs
