Exam 3 Study Guide

Question 1

T/F: Cool season grasses typically contain a low ruminally undegradable protein content, which can result in low performance in rangeland cattle.

Answer 1

true

Question 2

T/F: Rest periods during transportation do not improve the health and welfare of feeder calves.

Answer 2

false

Question 3

T/F: There is an energy cost associated with feeding an excessive amount of protein to finishing cattle.

Answer 3

true

Question 4

T/F: Besides bunk scoring, good bunk management also takes into account other behaviors exhibited by cattle, including aggression.

Answer 4

true

Question 5

T/F: Cortisol release does not result in immunosuppression in cattle.

Answer 5

false

Question 6

T/F: High stress cattle handling results in an increase in dark cutters.

Answer 6

true

Question 7

T/F: Ammonia emissions from the pen surface in feedlots are greater in winter than in summer.

Answer 7

false

Question 8

The purpose for feeding supplemental protein to range cows is to feed microbes so that _____ increases.

a. digestibility
b. the rumen passage rate
c. intake
d. all of the above

Answer 8

D. all of the above

Question 9

Supplemental protein should be considered for cattle on range when the protein content of foragee is ___.

a. less than 7%
b. 9 to 11%
c. greater than 11%
d. none of the above

Answer 9

A. less than 7%

Question 10

Vitamin ___ is supplemented in finishing cattle diets to improve product shelf life.

a. vitamin B
b. Vitamin D
c. Vitamin E
d. Vitamin K

Answer 10

C. Vitamin E

Question 11

When feeding finishing cattle using a bunk system, an ideal bunk management score would be ___.

a. 0
b. 1/2 to 1
c. 2-3
d. 3-4

Answer 11

B. 1/2 to 1

Question 12

____ is the primary processing method for corn fed to feedlot cattle in the US.

a. tea flaking
b. rolling
c. cracking
d. grinding

Answer 12

c. cracking

Question 13

Beef from non- fed cattle makes up __% of U.S. beef production.

a. 5
b. 10
c. 20
d. 40

Answer 13

c. 20

Question 14

It is not recommended to sell cull cows during ____ as prices are at their lowest during this time of the year.

a. summer
b. fall
c. winter
d. spring

Answer 14

B. fall

Question 15

As body fat ____ with advancing maturity, dry matter intake _____ in feedlot cattle.

Answer 15

increases

decreases

Question 16

____ and _____ are the 2 types of immunity

Answer 16

cell mediated and humoral

Question 17

List 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of procuring weaned calves or yearlings from a live auction compared to a direct purchase fro a ranch.

Answer 17

Advantage: You can be more selective with the quality you buy
Disadvantage: more potential for disease transmittance

Question 18

list 2 procedures that are carried out during processing of weaned calves or yearlings after they arrive on feedlots.

Answer 18

1. rest period to acclimate to new environment

2. vaccinations

Question 19

The inclusion of forage in finishing cattle diets is important in ensuring rumen health. What are 3 challenges associated with feeding hay relative to grain that results in feedlot producers opting to walk a “tight rope”/ feed the least amount they can get away with?

Answer 19

1. hay is bulky
2. hay does not mix well
3. hay is not very energy dense

Question 20

what is the minimum level or forage (%) that is recommended in finishing cattle diets?

Answer 20

5%

Question 21

It is recommended to grind hay prior to it being fed to feedlot cattle. what are 2 advantages to grinding hay?

Answer 21

Increase digestibility

Cows can’t sort through it

Question 22

Define physically effective fiber.

Answer 22

provides a starch factor to keep the GI wall healthy and stimulates rumination

Question 23

List 2 digestive disorders that occur as a result of feeding an inadequate amount of physically effective fiber.

Answer 23

1. Acidosis

2. Liver abscesses

Question 24

When managing a feedlot, what is the major objective of good feed bunk management?

Answer 24

minimize feed spoilage

maximize feed intake

Question 25

What are the 2 agencies that regulate CAFO’s in Idaho? Which of those 2 agencies is responsible for air and water quality?

Answer 25

EPA and ISDA

EPA responsible for air and water quality

Question 26

List 2 key records that have to be maintained as part of a comprehensive nutrient management plan on CAFO’s

Answer 26

Amount of manure and effluent leaving a facility

Application rates of manure and effluent to fields

Question 27

What are the air and water quality issues related to protein nutrition in feedlot cattle? Briefly describe how dietary protein could end up being an environmental pollutant. Your answer should include what happens to the dietary protein in the rumen, how that N ends up excreted, and the subsequent transformations following excretion that cause air and water pollution.

Answer 27

Urea is ingested. microbes use/digest a portion of it. whats left over goes to the liver. the liver sends a portion to the salivary gland and a portion to urine. the urine is excreted. the urea is converted to NH3 and N2O and NO3. NH3 and NO2 go to the air. NO3 leaching into soil and water.

Question 28

A cow- calf producer who has been in the business for only a year approaches you to ask about what she needs to know/do with regards to managing cull cows. What percent of her herd would you recommend her to cull each year?

Answer 28

20%

Question 29

A cow- calf producer who has been in the business for only a year approaches you to ask about what she needs to know/do with regards to managing cull cows. Describe 2 key benefits she would have from culling a part of her cow herd.

Answer 29

genetic improvement

increase production by culling low producing cows

Question 30

A cow- calf producer who has been in the business for only a year approaches you to ask about what she needs to know/do with regards to managing cull cows. Which 2 criteria would you recommend for her to use to identify cows to cull?

Answer 30

Pregnancy rates

dystocia rates

Question 31

A cow- calf producer who has been in the business for only a year approaches you to ask about what she needs to know/do with regards to managing cull cows. If she decides to feed her cull cows before marketing, which 2 conditions would she need to consider for this to be profitable?

Answer 31

low cost of feed

hight cull cow prices

Question 32

A cow- calf producer who has been in the business for only a year approaches you to ask about what she needs to know/do with regards to managing cull cows. List 2 marketing strategies she could use to increase revenue from her cull cows.

Answer 32

sell during the off season when cow demand is high

feed them to meet a higher grade choice

Question 33

Vaccines are a management tool. No vaccine is 100% effective. List 3 of the 6 reasons vaccines may fail to protect an animal discussed in lecture.

Answer 33

malnutrition
animal is incubating disease/ pathogen
stress

Question 34

Vaccines developed for leptospirosis come in the form of a bacteria. Define a bacterin vaccine.

Answer 34

a suspension of killed or attenuated bacteria for use as a vaccine.

Question 35

Although cattle producers could use either killed or MLV on their operations, there are a number of differences between the two. List a safety concern when using killed and MLV.

Answer 35

MLV- possibility of mutating back into the virulent form of the pathogen and causing a disease.
Killed- less duration of immunity. Injection site granulomas

Question 36

Although cattle producers could use either killed or MLV on their operations, there are a number of differences between the two. MLV are considered a more complete way to vaccinate. Why?

Answer 36

MLV don’t require a booster shot, have faster acting immunity and are less expensive.

Question 37

Although cattle producers could use either killed or MLV on their operations, there are a number of differences between the two. Which of the 2 results in a faster immune response when administered? and why?

Answer 37

MLV- because the immune system recognized the live foreign body faster than a killed one.

Question 38

Although cattle producers could use either killed or MLV on their operations, there are a number of differences between the two. In general, in terms of cost, which of the 2 is more expensive to use and why?

Answer 38

Killed- the vx is more expensive to start with and it requires boosters later.

Question 39

If asked by a producer or a member of the general public, how would you best define beef quality assurance?

Answer 39

BQA provides a systematic approach to insure that consumers receive quality beef that is safe for consumption.

Question 40

Based on results from the National Beef Quality Audit, there was a 10% increase in liver condemnations in 2016 compared to 2011 in the US. What is the major condition that results in livers being condemned?

Answer 40

liver abscesses

Question 41

Describe in detail how this condition or digestive disorder occurs. (liver abscess)

Answer 41

Prolonged acidosis generated an over propagation of certain microbes. due to the acidosis the wall of the rumen is expanded so then the microbes travel to the liver via the circulatory system. Once in the liver the bacteria continues to grow and damage the tissue of the liver, resulting in an abscess.

Question 42

which 2 strategies would you recommend to a feedlot producer to reduce the incidences of this condition? (liver abscess)

Answer 42

increase roughage particle size

transition rations slowly

Question 43

Besides liver, tongue, heart, and head condemnations, which other 3 conditions were identified in 2016 as contributors to lost opportunities/ loss of revenue from cows and bulls?

Answer 43

Injection site wounds
foreign bodies found in muscles (bird shot)
large branding scars across ribs

Question 44

Name a feed additive used for feedlot cattle, it’s mode of action, and effects on production performance.

Answer 44

Ionophores
Monensin
Increase propionic acid and decrease ch4 production in rumen
Modify intake, adg, and amp; FE

Question 45

3 key functions of a successful immune response

Answer 45

Recognition
Activation
Effect