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Beef Cattle Science > 471 Final > Flashcards

471 Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Briefly explode the causes and chain of events that leads to acute rumen acidosis.

A

Caused by feeding too much grain too fast. CHO turns into soluble starches and sugars which cause microbes in the rumen to over produce lactic acid which lowers the pH of the rumen causing the microbes to die and leads to metabolic disturbances.

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2
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of pregnancy toxemia (ketosis) in sheep. include when we might expect this disease to occur and list 3 clinical signs we might see with this disease.

A
  • Expect this disease to occur pre- partum
  • is the negative energy balance when the sheep isn’t taking in more energy than its body is using.
  • clinical signs: weight loss, lethargic, anorexia
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3
Q

Laminitis occurs when inflammation develops between the sensitive and insensitive _________ of the foot

A

laminae

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4
Q

list 4 was of preventing pregnancy toxemia in sheep

A
  1. good nutrition
  2. stress management
  3. monitor animals carrying multiple babies
  4. give energy supplements
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5
Q

List 2 treatment options for abomasal displacement and briefly describe each

A

rolling- from right to left side

surgery- making an incision to manually correct the abomasum and then suturing it to the abdominal wall

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6
Q

which is a false statement with regard to septic laminitis in cattle?

a. associated with metabolic disorders
b. severe lameness symptoms
c. associated with concomitant infectious disease
d. rotation of the pedal bone

A

a. associated with metabolic disorders

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7
Q

Which of the following is most important in preventing LDA?

a. provide lots of room so cows do not traumatize each other
b. adaption to high concentrate diet
c. provide plenty of free salt
d. provide plenty of fresh water

A

b. adaption to high concentrate diet

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8
Q

which is a true statement concerning hypocalcemia in sheep?

a. diet and proper calcium will prevent disease
b. muscular weakness and anorexia are symptoms
c. can occur pre and post- partum
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

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9
Q

which is true with regards to bronchopneumonia?

a. invasion via pulmonary tree
b. characterized by anterior ventral lesions and lung sounds
c. final manifestation of BRD complex
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

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10
Q

which is not a true statement about pregnancy toxemia in sheep?

a. often females are in excessive body weight
b. affected females are carrying a single lamb
c. results from negative energy balance during late gestation
d. concurrent disease may predispose ewe to pregnancy toxemia

A

b. affected females are carrying a single lamb

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11
Q

which is not considered a sequelae to shipping fever

a. pericarditis
b. pleuritis
c. laminitis
d. lung abcessation

A

c. laminitis

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12
Q

coliform mastitis causes the most common form of aseptic laminitis. True or false?

A

false, most common form of septic not aseptic

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13
Q

Events during pregnancy

A 
Stage 1: 
-changes in fetal position and posture
Stage 2: 
- rupture of the allantochorion
- cervix fully dilated and continuous with vagina
-delivery of fetus
Stage 3:
- expulsion of placenta
- suckling induces oxytocin release and more uterine contractions
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14
Q

Milk fever in lactating dairy cows is caused by a (low/normal/high) calcium levels in the blood shortly after parturition which can lease to : _____________

A

low

hypocalcemia- symptom: can’t get up

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15
Q

give two reasons why a fetotomy might be performed in a cow experiencing a dystocia problem rather than a c-section?

A

calf is dead

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16
Q

list four post partum disorders that occur in females

A

ketosis
hypocalcemia
retained placenta
uterine prolapse

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17
Q

With respect to cattle, what sinus (frontal/maxillary) might be open during dehorning and set up a sinus infection? An upper premolar tooth root abscess might infect which sinus (frontal/maxillary) resulting in unilateral discharge

A

frontal

maxillary

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18
Q

castration and tail docking occurs when

A

as a newborn lamb or

as a lamb/kid

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19
Q

start creep feeding when

A

lamb/kids

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20
Q

pasturella pneumonia

A

newborn lamb

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21
Q

coccidia diarrhea

A

lamb/kids

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22
Q

caseous lyphadentitis

A

adult sheep/goat

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23
Q

E. coli/ viral diarrhea

A

newborn lamb

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24
Q

CD&T vx booster

A

lamb/kids or weaned lamb/kids

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25
Q

CAE and OPP

A

adult sheep/goat

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26
Q

Chlamydia lameness

A

adult sheep/goat

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27
Q

campylobacter abortion

A

adult sheep/goat

28
Q

compare foot rot between cattle and sheep

A 
Cattle: 
caused by environmental factors
can be septic or aseptic
can occur in front or rear hoof
Sheep:
septic
carrier animal passes the pathogen
treat by trimming nails, foot bath
29
Q

aseptic or septic:

most common form of laminitis

A

aspetic

30
Q

aseptic or septic:

varying levels of symptoms often subclinical

A

aspetic

31
Q

aseptic or septic:

associated with concomitant disease such as mastitis

A

septic

32
Q

aseptic or septic:

symptoms often more severe

A

septic

33
Q

aseptic or septic:

often associated with dietary changes

A

aseptic

34
Q

using proper nomenclature for llamas, a _________ is a young llama 4-6 months of age. A weanling to adult llama is called a _______. A castrated male llama is called a _______.

A

cria
juvenile
gelding

35
Q

llamas born during the winter months can suffer from winter baby syndrome. what vitamin is lacking in these youngsters? list 2 ways this can be prevented

A

vitamin D.
schedule them to have babies in summer or spring
vitamin D supplements

36
Q

with respect to body condition score in sheep; judges the level of fullness over the ____ area and across the ____. Generally, check ___ times per year. animals are considered most productive at a BCS of ____.

A

lumbar
ribs
4
3

37
Q

discuss 3 therapies for treating foot rot in sheep

A

antibiotics
foot bath
trim feet

38
Q

One benefits without harming the other

A

commensal

39
Q

requires a single host

A

direct life cycle

40
Q

requires a single host

eggs, reproduction and death all happen here

A

direct life cycle

41
Q

where sexual reproduction of a parasite occurs

A

definitive host

42
Q

required to complete a developmental phase in the parasites life cycle, excluding sexual reproduction

A

intermediate host

43
Q

requires greater than one host

A

indirect life cycle

44
Q

T/F: with respect to llamas, they breed laying down and give birth standing up

A

true

45
Q

the cat is the definitive host for which zoonotic parasite

A

toxoplasma

46
Q

list two diseases we discussed in class that are transmitted via arthropod vectors.

A

anaplasmosis spp.

bluetongue virus

47
Q

describe how you would manage/control flying vectors to reduce spread of parasites/disease.

A

put up fly powder bass or use fly spray
deworm animals
don’t put manure all in one place in the field
put out insect traps

48
Q

one mechanism of action of a de-wormer to kill parasites is to paralyze the nervous system of the parasite T/F

A

true

49
Q

when performing a breeding soundness exam on the male; evaluation of semen is one parameter we look at. what are the other 3?

A

physical soundness
absence of disease
good libido and serving capacity

50
Q

time of year when producer can expect increase in parasites

A

spring and fall
wet and mild temps
animals are out grazing

51
Q

lung worm

A

clinical signs: chronic cough, thin, be able to describe- what it does and how to treat

52
Q

coccidia

A

clinical signs: bloody diarrhea, thin, loose weight. be able to describe- what it does and how to treat

53
Q

4 categories of parasites

A

nematodes
cestodes
trematodes
protozoa

54
Q

ketosis in cattle

A

negative energy balance. mobilizing their own fat stores. see weight loss. don’t see decreased appetite or lethargy. still getting energy but just running on ketones which isn’t good. sometimes a drop in production. breath smells like

55
Q

septic laminitis is more severe

A

true

56
Q

foot rot in cattle is a contagious disease

A

false

57
Q

reason older horses may not be able to maintain bcs

A

teeth grind down so they can’t get as much nutrients from feed.
grind up food and moisten food
regularly check teeth

58
Q

2 principles of deworming horses

A

separate horses depending on age

quarantine new animals until they are dewormed

59
Q

what % of bw per day is recommended to feed horses

A

1-3%

60
Q

tapeworms are round worms of horses, causes impactions of gut…

A

false

61
Q

when raising swine in a farm operation, list 2 things you have to consider that you don’t have to consider in CAFO

A

sunburn

biosecurity

62
Q

what is gestation crate

A

they go to farrow, there for whole pregnancy in confined situation, keeps them in one place so you can keep an eye on them

63
Q

horse colic

A

stomach hurts, won’t eat, paw at belly, roll around, look at hind flank, visibly uncomfortable, sweating

64
Q

prevent choke in horses

A

feed on ground
put large stones in feed bucket to slow them down eating
moisten feed stuffs
don’t feed in group bc competition makes them eat faster

65
Q

3 pathogens that might cause ear problems in companion animals

A

yeast
bacteria
ear mites

66
Q

most prevalent source of rabies

A

bats

67
Q

cushings in horses

A

sign is they won’t shed their coat

Beef Cattle Science (5 decks)

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