471 Final

Question 1

Briefly explode the causes and chain of events that leads to acute rumen acidosis.

Answer 1

Caused by feeding too much grain too fast. CHO turns into soluble starches and sugars which cause microbes in the rumen to over produce lactic acid which lowers the pH of the rumen causing the microbes to die and leads to metabolic disturbances.

Question 2

Describe the pathogenesis of pregnancy toxemia (ketosis) in sheep. include when we might expect this disease to occur and list 3 clinical signs we might see with this disease.

Answer 2

• Expect this disease to occur pre- partum
• is the negative energy balance when the sheep isn’t taking in more energy than its body is using.
• clinical signs: weight loss, lethargic, anorexia

Question 3

Laminitis occurs when inflammation develops between the sensitive and insensitive _________ of the foot

Answer 3

laminae

Question 4

list 4 was of preventing pregnancy toxemia in sheep

Answer 4

1. good nutrition
2. stress management
3. monitor animals carrying multiple babies
4. give energy supplements

Question 5

List 2 treatment options for abomasal displacement and briefly describe each

Answer 5

rolling- from right to left side

surgery- making an incision to manually correct the abomasum and then suturing it to the abdominal wall

Question 6

which is a false statement with regard to septic laminitis in cattle?

a. associated with metabolic disorders
b. severe lameness symptoms
c. associated with concomitant infectious disease
d. rotation of the pedal bone

Answer 6

a. associated with metabolic disorders

Question 7

Which of the following is most important in preventing LDA?

a. provide lots of room so cows do not traumatize each other
b. adaption to high concentrate diet
c. provide plenty of free salt
d. provide plenty of fresh water

Answer 7

b. adaption to high concentrate diet

Question 8

which is a true statement concerning hypocalcemia in sheep?

a. diet and proper calcium will prevent disease
b. muscular weakness and anorexia are symptoms
c. can occur pre and post- partum
d. all of the above

Answer 8

d. all of the above

Question 9

which is true with regards to bronchopneumonia?

a. invasion via pulmonary tree
b. characterized by anterior ventral lesions and lung sounds
c. final manifestation of BRD complex
d. all of the above

Answer 9

d. all of the above

Question 10

which is not a true statement about pregnancy toxemia in sheep?

a. often females are in excessive body weight
b. affected females are carrying a single lamb
c. results from negative energy balance during late gestation
d. concurrent disease may predispose ewe to pregnancy toxemia

Answer 10

b. affected females are carrying a single lamb

Question 11

which is not considered a sequelae to shipping fever

a. pericarditis
b. pleuritis
c. laminitis
d. lung abcessation

Answer 11

c. laminitis

Question 12

coliform mastitis causes the most common form of aseptic laminitis. True or false?

Answer 12

false, most common form of septic not aseptic

Question 13

Events during pregnancy

Answer 13

Stage 1: 
-changes in fetal position and posture
Stage 2: 
- rupture of the allantochorion
- cervix fully dilated and continuous with vagina
-delivery of fetus
Stage 3:
- expulsion of placenta
- suckling induces oxytocin release and more uterine contractions

Question 14

Milk fever in lactating dairy cows is caused by a (low/normal/high) calcium levels in the blood shortly after parturition which can lease to : _____________

Answer 14

low

hypocalcemia- symptom: can’t get up

Question 15

give two reasons why a fetotomy might be performed in a cow experiencing a dystocia problem rather than a c-section?

Answer 15

calf is dead

Question 16

list four post partum disorders that occur in females

Answer 16

ketosis
hypocalcemia
retained placenta
uterine prolapse

Question 17

With respect to cattle, what sinus (frontal/maxillary) might be open during dehorning and set up a sinus infection? An upper premolar tooth root abscess might infect which sinus (frontal/maxillary) resulting in unilateral discharge

Answer 17

frontal

maxillary

Question 18

castration and tail docking occurs when

Answer 18

as a newborn lamb or

as a lamb/kid

Question 19

start creep feeding when

Answer 19

lamb/kids

Question 20

pasturella pneumonia

Answer 20

newborn lamb

Question 21

coccidia diarrhea

Answer 21

lamb/kids

Question 22

caseous lyphadentitis

Answer 22

adult sheep/goat

Question 23

E. coli/ viral diarrhea

Answer 23

newborn lamb

Question 24

CD&T vx booster

Answer 24

lamb/kids or weaned lamb/kids

Question 25

CAE and OPP

Answer 25

adult sheep/goat

Question 26

Chlamydia lameness

Answer 26

adult sheep/goat

Question 27

campylobacter abortion

Answer 27

adult sheep/goat

Question 28

compare foot rot between cattle and sheep

Answer 28

``` Cattle: caused by environmental factors can be septic or aseptic can occur in front or rear hoof Sheep: septic carrier animal passes the pathogen treat by trimming nails, foot bath ```

Question 29

aseptic or septic: | most common form of laminitis

Answer 29

aspetic

Question 30

aseptic or septic: | varying levels of symptoms often subclinical

Answer 30

aspetic

Question 31

aseptic or septic: | associated with concomitant disease such as mastitis

Answer 31

septic

Question 32

aseptic or septic: | symptoms often more severe

Answer 32

septic

Question 33

aseptic or septic: | often associated with dietary changes

Answer 33

aseptic

Question 34

using proper nomenclature for llamas, a _________ is a young llama 4-6 months of age. A weanling to adult llama is called a _______. A castrated male llama is called a _______.

Answer 34

cria juvenile gelding

Question 35

llamas born during the winter months can suffer from winter baby syndrome. what vitamin is lacking in these youngsters? list 2 ways this can be prevented

Answer 35

vitamin D. schedule them to have babies in summer or spring vitamin D supplements

Question 36

with respect to body condition score in sheep; judges the level of fullness over the ____ area and across the ____. Generally, check ___ times per year. animals are considered most productive at a BCS of ____.

Answer 36

lumbar ribs 4 3

Question 37

discuss 3 therapies for treating foot rot in sheep

Answer 37

antibiotics foot bath trim feet

Question 38

One benefits without harming the other

Answer 38

commensal

Question 39

requires a single host

Answer 39

direct life cycle

Question 40

requires a single host | eggs, reproduction and death all happen here

Answer 40

direct life cycle

Question 41

where sexual reproduction of a parasite occurs

Answer 41

definitive host

Question 42

required to complete a developmental phase in the parasites life cycle, excluding sexual reproduction

Answer 42

intermediate host

Question 43

requires greater than one host

Answer 43

indirect life cycle

Question 44

T/F: with respect to llamas, they breed laying down and give birth standing up

Answer 44

true

Question 45

the cat is the definitive host for which zoonotic parasite

Answer 45

toxoplasma

Question 46

list two diseases we discussed in class that are transmitted via arthropod vectors.

Answer 46

anaplasmosis spp. | bluetongue virus

Question 47

describe how you would manage/control flying vectors to reduce spread of parasites/disease.

Answer 47

put up fly powder bass or use fly spray deworm animals don't put manure all in one place in the field put out insect traps

Question 48

one mechanism of action of a de-wormer to kill parasites is to paralyze the nervous system of the parasite T/F

Answer 48

true

Question 49

when performing a breeding soundness exam on the male; evaluation of semen is one parameter we look at. what are the other 3?

Answer 49

physical soundness absence of disease good libido and serving capacity

Question 50

time of year when producer can expect increase in parasites

Answer 50

spring and fall wet and mild temps animals are out grazing

Question 51

lung worm

Answer 51

clinical signs: chronic cough, thin, be able to describe- what it does and how to treat

Question 52

coccidia

Answer 52

clinical signs: bloody diarrhea, thin, loose weight. be able to describe- what it does and how to treat

Question 53

4 categories of parasites

Answer 53

nematodes cestodes trematodes protozoa

Question 54

ketosis in cattle

Answer 54

negative energy balance. mobilizing their own fat stores. see weight loss. don't see decreased appetite or lethargy. still getting energy but just running on ketones which isn't good. sometimes a drop in production. breath smells like

Question 55

septic laminitis is more severe

Answer 55

true

Question 56

foot rot in cattle is a contagious disease

Answer 56

false

Question 57

reason older horses may not be able to maintain bcs

Answer 57

teeth grind down so they can't get as much nutrients from feed. grind up food and moisten food regularly check teeth

Question 58

2 principles of deworming horses

Answer 58

separate horses depending on age | quarantine new animals until they are dewormed

Question 59

what % of bw per day is recommended to feed horses

Answer 59

1-3%

Question 60

tapeworms are round worms of horses, causes impactions of gut...

Answer 60

false

Question 61

when raising swine in a farm operation, list 2 things you have to consider that you don't have to consider in CAFO

Answer 61

sunburn | biosecurity

Question 62

what is gestation crate

Answer 62

they go to farrow, there for whole pregnancy in confined situation, keeps them in one place so you can keep an eye on them

Question 63

horse colic

Answer 63

stomach hurts, won't eat, paw at belly, roll around, look at hind flank, visibly uncomfortable, sweating

Question 64

prevent choke in horses

Answer 64

feed on ground put large stones in feed bucket to slow them down eating moisten feed stuffs don't feed in group bc competition makes them eat faster

Question 65

3 pathogens that might cause ear problems in companion animals

Answer 65

yeast bacteria ear mites

Question 66

most prevalent source of rabies

Answer 66

bats

Question 67

cushings in horses

Answer 67

sign is they won't shed their coat