Exam 3 Study Guide Flashcards
Why is the anterior pituitary gland called the master gland?
because of great influence on body organs, other endocrine glands, and overall well-being
The period of life considered adolescence is represented by the years between ages:
10 and 21
Early adolescence ages:
10-13
Middle adolescence ages:
14-17
Late adolescence ages:
18-21
Hormones produced by ovaries
estrogens
Hormones produced by testes
androgens
Most common pituitary tumors
adenomas (benign)
Benign tumors that grow near the pituitary gland; most common in children. teenagers, and adults older than 50
craniopharyngiomas
Benign cysts in the pituitary gland
rathke’s cleft cysts
Common symptoms of Pituitary Disorders:
headaches vision problems mood swings or behavioral changes weight change reproductive problems hypertension
Absence of spontaneous menstrual periods in a female
amenorrhea
Difficult and painful menstration
dysmenorrhea
Menstrual intervals of greater than 45 days
oligomenorrhea
Sudden worsening of hyperthyroidism symptoms, which can be caused by an infection or stress. Immediate hospitalization
thyroid storm
When does premenstrual syndrome occur before menstration?
7-10 days
Gland that controls diabetes
pancreas
Hormonal contraceptives containing estrogen and progestin:
oral contraceptives intramuscular injection patch ring sponge
Postmenopausal changes and risks:
burning mouth syndrome
manopausal gingivostomatitis
xerostomia
alveolar bone loss
Postmenopausal diet and vitamins or deficiency:
- recommend whole grain products, vegetables, fruits. calcium,
- vitamin B deficiency
Which hormones are in decline during menopause?
estrogen and progestin
Caused by way too much cortisol production
cushing’s syndrome/hyperadrenalism
Cushing’s Syndrome oral health risks:
melanin pigmentation delayed wound healing loss of collagen skin and oral tissue fragile oral candidiasis
Can be caused when one or more neurons are injured by trauma or biological assault or when there is disruption of blood flow to an area of the brain
acute disorders
Result of progressive destruction of nerve cells; patients becomes increasingly disabled and dependent on caregivers
degenerative disorders
These disorders have their onset early in life, around the time of birth or before child is 18 years old
developmental disorders
Vitamin important to take when pregnant to prevent Spina Bifida
vitamin B9 folic acid
protrusion of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column
meningocele
Another name for stroke
cerebrovascular accident
Caused by when a clot within a blood vessel of the brain or neck closes or occludes an already narrowed vessel
thrombotic stroke
Stroke happens when a blood vessel is blocked by a clot or other material carried through the circulation from another part of the body
embolic stroke
Deficiency of blood caused by functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel
ischemia
Results from tissue anoxia or ischemia caused by pressure exerted on the skin and subcutaneous tissues by bony prominences and the object on which they rest, such as a mattress
pressure sore
another term for pressure sore
decubitus ulcer
How can decubitis ulcers be prevented during DH treatment?
mouth held implements
What age does the onset of rheumatoid arthritis usually occur?
- between ages 20 and 40, it can occur at any age
- more women are affected
Which muscular dystrophies involve facial muscles?
oculopharyngeal and myotonic
What receptors are reduced in # in pts. with myasthenia gravis?
acetylcholine receptors
What factors should a hygienist consider when planning care on a pt. w/MS?
- early, progressive involvement of orofacial muscles
- increased difficulty chewing and swallowing
- speech difficulties
What part of the brain is affected in the degeneration in Parkinson’s Disease?
substantia nigra of the basal ganglia
What cranial nerve is affected in Bell’s Palsy?
7th
How can osteoporosis affect the TMJ?
limited movement
crepitus
What radiographic findings could you find in pts. with scleroderma?
marked widening of the PDL
Average life expectancy someone with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
3-5 years
Condition that affects adults, years after recovery from an initial attack of the poliomyelitis virus when they were children
Progressive muscle weakness
postpolio syndrome
Progressive disorder of the central nervous system
Parkinson’s Disease
Also known as paralysis agitans
Severe deficiency in dopamine
Parkinson’s Disease
Signs and symptoms center around tremor, rigidity, loss or impairment of motor function, fingers are in pin rolling motion
Parkinson’s Disease
Oral characteristics of Scleroderma
thin lips thin mucosa pale, firm gingiva increase mobility immobile tongue
What is characterizing stages of cancer?
T (size of tumor)
N (lymph node involvement)
M (presence or absence of distant metastasis)
What are the oral symptoms of radiation therapy?
oral mucositis xerostomia radiation caries taste loss trismus osteoradionecrosis
What is the best solution for xerostomia in a patient doing radiation treatments?
fluoride
What is an indicator for chemotherapy?
eliminate tumor
What treatment is used for a variety of blood diseases, including leukemia?
treatment of liquid tumors
What are the systemic side effects of chemotherapy?
alopecia (hair loss) myelosuppression immunosuppression nausea loss of appetite gastrointestinal mucositis
Radiation source is placed within the body and less radiation is delivered to surrounding tissues
internal radiation
