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Clinical Dental Hygiene 2 > Exam 3 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 3 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the anterior pituitary gland called the master gland?

A

because of great influence on body organs, other endocrine glands, and overall well-being

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2
Q

The period of life considered adolescence is represented by the years between ages:

A

10 and 21

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3
Q

Early adolescence ages:

A

10-13

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4
Q

Middle adolescence ages:

A

14-17

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5
Q

Late adolescence ages:

A

18-21

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6
Q

Hormones produced by ovaries

A

estrogens

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7
Q

Hormones produced by testes

A

androgens

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8
Q

Most common pituitary tumors

A

adenomas (benign)

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9
Q

Benign tumors that grow near the pituitary gland; most common in children. teenagers, and adults older than 50

A

craniopharyngiomas

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10
Q

Benign cysts in the pituitary gland

A

rathke’s cleft cysts

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11
Q

Common symptoms of Pituitary Disorders:

A 
headaches
vision problems
mood swings or behavioral changes
weight change
reproductive problems
hypertension
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12
Q

Absence of spontaneous menstrual periods in a female

A

amenorrhea

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13
Q

Difficult and painful menstration

A

dysmenorrhea

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14
Q

Menstrual intervals of greater than 45 days

A

oligomenorrhea

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15
Q

Sudden worsening of hyperthyroidism symptoms, which can be caused by an infection or stress. Immediate hospitalization

A

thyroid storm

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16
Q

When does premenstrual syndrome occur before menstration?

A

7-10 days

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17
Q

Gland that controls diabetes

A

pancreas

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18
Q

Hormonal contraceptives containing estrogen and progestin:

A 
oral contraceptives
intramuscular injection
patch
ring
sponge
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19
Q

Postmenopausal changes and risks:

A

burning mouth syndrome
manopausal gingivostomatitis
xerostomia
alveolar bone loss

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20
Q

Postmenopausal diet and vitamins or deficiency:

A
  • recommend whole grain products, vegetables, fruits. calcium,
  • vitamin B deficiency
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21
Q

Which hormones are in decline during menopause?

A

estrogen and progestin

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22
Q

Caused by way too much cortisol production

A

cushing’s syndrome/hyperadrenalism

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23
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome oral health risks:

A 
melanin pigmentation
delayed wound healing
loss of collagen
skin and oral tissue fragile
oral candidiasis
24
Q

Can be caused when one or more neurons are injured by trauma or biological assault or when there is disruption of blood flow to an area of the brain

A

acute disorders

25
Q

Result of progressive destruction of nerve cells; patients becomes increasingly disabled and dependent on caregivers

A

degenerative disorders

26
Q

These disorders have their onset early in life, around the time of birth or before child is 18 years old

A

developmental disorders

27
Q

Vitamin important to take when pregnant to prevent Spina Bifida

A

vitamin B9 folic acid

28
Q

protrusion of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column

A

meningocele

29
Q

Another name for stroke

A

cerebrovascular accident

30
Q

Caused by when a clot within a blood vessel of the brain or neck closes or occludes an already narrowed vessel

A

thrombotic stroke

31
Q

Stroke happens when a blood vessel is blocked by a clot or other material carried through the circulation from another part of the body

A

embolic stroke

32
Q

Deficiency of blood caused by functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel

A

ischemia

33
Q

Results from tissue anoxia or ischemia caused by pressure exerted on the skin and subcutaneous tissues by bony prominences and the object on which they rest, such as a mattress

A

pressure sore

34
Q

another term for pressure sore

A

decubitus ulcer

35
Q

How can decubitis ulcers be prevented during DH treatment?

A

mouth held implements

36
Q

What age does the onset of rheumatoid arthritis usually occur?

A
  • between ages 20 and 40, it can occur at any age

- more women are affected

37
Q

Which muscular dystrophies involve facial muscles?

A

oculopharyngeal and myotonic

38
Q

What receptors are reduced in # in pts. with myasthenia gravis?

A

acetylcholine receptors

39
Q

What factors should a hygienist consider when planning care on a pt. w/MS?

A
  • early, progressive involvement of orofacial muscles
  • increased difficulty chewing and swallowing
  • speech difficulties
40
Q

What part of the brain is affected in the degeneration in Parkinson’s Disease?

A

substantia nigra of the basal ganglia

41
Q

What cranial nerve is affected in Bell’s Palsy?

A

7th

42
Q

How can osteoporosis affect the TMJ?

A

limited movement

crepitus

43
Q

What radiographic findings could you find in pts. with scleroderma?

A

marked widening of the PDL

44
Q

Average life expectancy someone with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

A

3-5 years

45
Q

Condition that affects adults, years after recovery from an initial attack of the poliomyelitis virus when they were children

Progressive muscle weakness

A

postpolio syndrome

46
Q

Progressive disorder of the central nervous system

A

Parkinson’s Disease

47
Q

Also known as paralysis agitans

Severe deficiency in dopamine

A

Parkinson’s Disease

48
Q

Signs and symptoms center around tremor, rigidity, loss or impairment of motor function, fingers are in pin rolling motion

A

Parkinson’s Disease

49
Q

Oral characteristics of Scleroderma

A 
thin lips
thin mucosa
pale, firm gingiva
increase mobility
immobile tongue
50
Q

What is characterizing stages of cancer?

A

T (size of tumor)
N (lymph node involvement)
M (presence or absence of distant metastasis)

51
Q

What are the oral symptoms of radiation therapy?

A 
oral mucositis
xerostomia
radiation caries
 taste loss
trismus
osteoradionecrosis
52
Q

What is the best solution for xerostomia in a patient doing radiation treatments?

A

fluoride

53
Q

What is an indicator for chemotherapy?

A

eliminate tumor

54
Q

What treatment is used for a variety of blood diseases, including leukemia?

A

treatment of liquid tumors

55
Q

What are the systemic side effects of chemotherapy?

A 
alopecia (hair loss)
myelosuppression
immunosuppression
nausea
loss of appetite
gastrointestinal mucositis
56
Q

Radiation source is placed within the body and less radiation is delivered to surrounding tissues

A

internal radiation

Clinical Dental Hygiene 2 (9 decks)

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