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Clinical Dental Hygiene 2 > Exam 2 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 2 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What is dyspnea?

A

labored or difficulty breathing

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2
Q

What are the acute and chronic diseases associated with the upper respiratory tract?

A

Acute: nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, Rhinitis (common cold), Sinisitis, Pharyngitis/tonsillitis, Influenza (seasonal or viral)

Chronic: Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)

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3
Q

What are the acute and chronic diseases associated with the lower respiratory tract?

A

Acute: bronchitis & pneumonia
Chronic: TB, Asthma, COPD (chronic bronchitis & emphysema), Cystic Fibrosis

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4
Q

What are the EARLY stage symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis?

A 
persistent cough and wheezing
recurrent pneumonia
excessive appetite but poor weight gain
salty skin or sweat
bulky, foul smelling stools
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5
Q

What are the LATE stage symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis?

A 
tachypnea
chronic cough
barrel chest
cyanosis and digital clubbing
external dyspnea
pneumothorax
right heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension
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6
Q

Pertaining to, or originating in, a healthcare facility

A

Nosocomial

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7
Q

Pneumonia contracted during confinement in a healthcare facility

A

Nosocomial pneumonia

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8
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of BACTERIAL pneumonia?

A

SUDDEN onset!
HIGH fever!
Dyspnea AND tachypnea!
Chest pain!

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9
Q

What is the causative agent of BACTERIAL pneumonia?

A

Nosocomial *aerobic gram negative bacilli

Community aquired *gram negative and positive cocci

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10
Q

Which type of pneumonia is LEAST prevalent?

A

Bacterial Pneumonia

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11
Q

What is the ONLY diagnosis difference of viral and bacterial pneumonia?

A

They both require: patient history, physical findings, and chest radiograph BUT BACTERIAL pneumonia requires a sputum sample

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12
Q

How do you medically treat BACTERIAL pneumonia?

A

antibiotics

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13
Q

Most prevalent pneumonia:

A

Viral Pneumonia

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14
Q

What is the causative agent for VIRAL pneumonia?

A

a virus

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15
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of VIRAL pneumonia?

A

MILD symptoms
cough, sputum
MILD fever
ONLY dyspnea

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16
Q

How do you medically treat VIRAL pnuemonia ?

A

advise patient to have bed rest and drink fluids

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17
Q

A chronic respiratory disease consisting of recurrent episodes of dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing leading to bronchial inflammation and muscle contraction:

A

Asthma

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18
Q

What is the exact cause of asthma?

A

it is not completely understood

19
Q

Most common type of asthma

Triggered by inhaling of an environmental allergen

A

Extrinsic Asthma

20
Q

This type of asthma triggers from emotional stress, GERD, obesity, and sometimes unidentified

Ususally seen in adults

A

Intrinsic Asthma

21
Q

What are foods & drugs that may trigger Asthma?

A 
Aspirin
NSAIDS
Beta blockers
Nuts, fish, milk, strawberries
Tartrazine (yellow food dye)
Wine, beer, shrimp, dried fruit
Local anesthetic with epinephrine
22
Q

What is Atopic (Allergic) Asthma?

A

one type of IgE mediated hypersensitivity reaction

23
Q

One of the five types of antibodies produced by the body & provides defense against environmental allergens

A

Immunoglobin E

24
Q

What are the symptoms of Atopic Asthma?

A

wheezing, coughing, and dyspnea

25
Q

What does the allergen do during local anaphylaxis?

A

binds to mast cell in nasal cavity and in bronchiole

26
Q

What does the allergen do during systemic anaphylaxis?

A

binds to mast cells throughout the body resulting in an anaphylactic shock

27
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Severe or Worsening Asthma Attack:

A 
chest tightness, suffocation
wheezing, cough
flushed appearance, sweating
lack of oxygen
dilated pupils
tachypnea
tachycardia
28
Q

What are the four levels of severity to achieve and maintain asthma control?

A

Intermittent
Persistent- mild
Persistent- moderate
Persistent- severe

29
Q

What kind of oral manifestations may occur with a patient who uses an inhaler?

A

GERD
Oral candidiasis

With beta 2 agonist inhalers: cause decrease in salivary flow and dental biofilm pH, xerostomia, and increase in caries

30
Q

What are two of the most common diseases?

A

chronic bronchitis and emphysema

31
Q

Pulmonary disorder that obstruct airflow+-

A

COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

32
Q

Excessive respiratory tract mucus production sufficient to cause a cough with expectoration (coughing up mucus) for at least 3 months of the year for 2 or more years

A

chronic bronchitis

33
Q

Drugs that treat acute asthma attacks:

A

SABA
Anticholinergics (used in hospital emergency room and in inhalers)
Systemic corticosteroids (used with SABAs to speed recovery and prevent reoccurence)

34
Q

What kind of symptoms do Albuterol treat?

A

bronchodilator to relax smooth muscle

35
Q

When is the best time to schedule an appointment for someone with asthma?

A

Morning

36
Q

Defined as a widening of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles due to destruction of alveolar walls

“pink puffer”

A

Emphysema

37
Q

Autosomal recessive gene disorder. Both parents must carry the genetic mutation for the disease to be transmitted to their children.

Progressive and fatal
No oral manifestations

A

Cystic Fibrosis

38
Q

Trisomy 21 syndrome

A

Down Syndrome

39
Q

Oral findings with Down Syndrome:

A 
mouth open
mouth breather
tongue deeply fissured and appear large
palate: narrow and vaulted
congenitally missing teeth
microdontia
class lll occlusion
periodontitis
fewer dental caries
40
Q

Complex spectrum of developmental disorders marked by limitations in the ability to understand and communicate

A

Autism

41
Q

Pharmacological treat for Autistic patients:

A

stimulants, antidepressants, opiate blockers, and tranquilizers

risperdone is most common

42
Q

Socioeconomic groups and sex most frequently Autism occurs:

A

Almost five times greater in males than females

Occurs in all racial, ethnic, and social groups

43
Q

Periodontal conditions of Down Syndrome patients:

A

poor oral hygiene
malocclusion
bruxism
conical shaped roots

Clinical Dental Hygiene 2 (9 decks)

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