Chapter 66- The Patient with a Respiratory Disease Flashcards
What is the oral-systemic link?
dental biofilm and microorganisms from periodontal infections can contribute to the initiation and/or profession of certain infections in the respiratory system
What are the objective measures within the respiratory assessment?
- vital signs
- spirometry
- pulse oximetry
- chest radiography
- blood gas analysis
- cytology
medical test that measures various aspects of breathing and lung infection
spirometry
medical test that measures blood oxygen saturation levels
pulse oximetry
indicates presence of pathological density in the lungs
chest radiography
blood test to determine acid/base balance, alveolar ventilation, arterial oxygen saturation, and carbon dioxide elimination
blood gas analysis
examination of body cells, blood, and other fluids to determine the presence of microorganisms that cause respiratory diseases
cytology
What are the more common disorders of the upper respiratory tract?
caused by infections or allergic reactions that result in inflammation
Upper Respiratory Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics:
bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics within 14 days
Considered to be a more serious respiratory infection
lower respiratory disease
An acute respiratory infection that involves large airways (trachea, bronchi)
acute bronchitis
What is the primary symptom of acute bronchitis?
cough with or without phlegm; may last up to 3 weeks
Lower respiratory tract disease symptoms:
wheezing, shortness of breath, or chest tightness
An infection and subsequent inflammation of the lungs, may be caused by either viruses, bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma, or parasites
pneumonia
What is the etiologic agent of pneumonia?
pneumocystis jirovecii
What are the symptoms of pneumonia?
fever greater than 100.4 degrees productive cough chest pain shortness of breath visible on chest x-ray
When does pneumonia occur after admission to a heatlhcare facility?
48-72 hours
Major cause of death in hospitalized patients
pneumonia
Commonly multidrug resistant pathogens
pneumonia
More common in the very elderly >80
pneumonia
owing to dysphagia from decrease in saliva, cough reflex, and/or swallowing disorders
nursing home- acquired pneumonia
mechanically ventilated patients in the immediate care unit with no ability to clear oral secretions by swallowing or coughing
ventilator-associated pneumonia
biofilm forms on endotracheal tubes, catheters
nonventilator-associated pneumonia
If it is viral pneumonia, what is the medical management?
supportive treatment of bed rest and fluids
If it is bacterial pneumonia, what is the medical management?
antibiotic therapy
If it is fungal pneumonia, what is the medical mangement?
sulfa drugs
A chronic, infectious, and communicable disease with worldwide public health significance as a cause of disability and death, especially in developing countries
Tuberculosis
Groups at high risk for exposure to TB:
- close contact with people infected with TB
- work in institutional settings
- from countries that have a high TB incidence/prevalence
- provide medical/dental care for any of the aforementioned high risk groups
- people who abuse alcohol
- diabetes
- malnourished
- use of tobacco products
Highest public health priority
TB
What is the most common causative agent in TB?
mycobacterium tuberculosis
How is the TB transmitted?
coughing, sneezing, talking, singing
a single cough can generate 3,000 droplets
LTBI
latent TB infection
