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Clinical Dental Hygiene 2 > Exam 1 TERMS > Flashcards

Exam 1 TERMS Flashcards

1
Q

substance or chemical that has been known to cause cancer

A

carcinogen

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2
Q

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

A

CDC

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3
Q

generic term relating to psychological or physical dependency, or both, on an exogenous substance

A

chemical dependency

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4
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

COPD

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5
Q

a by product of nicotine found in body fluids

A

cotinine

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6
Q

any use of drug that causes physical, psychological, economic, legal, and or social harm to the person who uses or other persons affected by the user’s behavior

A

drug abuse

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7
Q

a chronic disorder leading to negative physical, psychological, or social consequences from compulsive use of substance

A

drug addiction

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8
Q

generalized feeling of ill being, malaise, restlessness, and discomfort

A

dysphoria

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9
Q

food and drug administeration

A

FDA

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10
Q

a poisonous, addictive stimulant that is the chief psychoactive ingredient in tobacco

A

nicotine

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11
Q

polacrilex gum developed to aid in tobacco cessation

A

nicotine gum

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12
Q

a prescription nicotine withdrawal product used nasally by the patient to aid in tobacco cessation

A

nicotine nasal spray

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13
Q

lozenge developed to aid in tobacco cessation

A

nicotine lozenge

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14
Q

a transdermal form of nicotine withdrawal therapy

A

nicotine patch

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15
Q

a prescription nicotine inhalation system used orally for tobacco cessation

A

nicotine inhaler

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16
Q

cancer causing chemicals found in tobacco

A

nitrosamines

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17
Q

cancer of the lips, tongue, floor of mouth, palate, gingiva, alveolar mucosa, buccal mucosa, and oropharynx

A

oral cancer

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18
Q

over the counter

A

otc

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19
Q

premature detachment of a normally situated placenta

A

placenta abruptio

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20
Q

placenta implanted in the lower segment of the uterus extending to the margin of the internal opening of the cervix

A

placenta previa

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21
Q

possessing the ability to alter mood, behaviorm cognitive processes, or mental tension

A

psychoactive drug

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22
Q

chemical decomposition of a substance by heat

A

pyrolysis

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23
Q

visible vapor and gases given off by a burning substance

A

smoke

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24
Q

tobacco smoke present in room air resulting from ignited tobacco products burning in an ashtray or exhaled by a smoker

A

enviornmental tobacco smoke ETS or passive smoke

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25
Q

smoke inhaled directly into the user’s lungs

A

mainstream smoke

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26
Q

the aerosol emitted directly into the surrounding air from the lit end of a smoldering tobacco product; may be inhaled by the user; is a major component of environmental smoke

A

sidestream smoke

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27
Q

tobacco smoke residue absorbed by furnishings

A

third hand smoke

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28
Q

sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant; typically between the ages 3 weeks and 5 months

A

SIDS

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29
Q

potent carcinogenic tobacco specific nitrosamines

A

TSNAs

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30
Q

method of drug delivery by patch on skin; a mode for slow release over extended time

A

transdermal

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31
Q

type of drug delivery by infiltration of mucosal lining

A

transmucosal

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32
Q

using the substance of tobacco because of an individual’s addiction to nicotine

A

use

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33
Q

an individual who either smokes tobacco or places tobacco in the mouth

A

user

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34
Q

small thin hand rolled cigarettes consisting of tobacco wrapped in a tendu or temburni leaf and may be secured with colorful string at one or both ends

A

bidis

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35
Q

a golf ball sized portion of chewing tobacco held in the user’s mouth usually inside the cheek or between the lower lip, gingiva, and mucosa

A

chaw

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36
Q

tobacco available in loose leaf, twist, and plug forms manufactured by air drying tobacco leaves; held inside cheek and or chewed chaw

A

chewing tobacco

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37
Q

about 1-20 g of air cured fermented tobacco wrapped in paper that is smoked

A

cigar

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38
Q

less than 1 g of unfermented tobacco wrapped in a cylindrical paper- enclosed form that is smoked

A

cigarettes

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39
Q

a water pipe used to smoke specially made flavored tobacco

A

hookah pipe

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40
Q

referred to as clove cigarettes- are imported from INdonesia and typically contain a mixture of tobacco, cloves, and other additives

A

kreteks

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41
Q

ground leaf tobacco manufactured for smoking through a pipe

A

pipe tobacco

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42
Q

a pinch of snuff held in the user’s mouth for various periods of time

A

quid

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43
Q

moist snuff in ready to use pouches that look like small tea bags

A

sachets

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44
Q

term used to define all forms of tobacco that are ignited or inhaled

A

smokeless tobacco

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45
Q

fire cured finely grounded or powedered tobacco sold in bojth dry and moist forms or baglike pouches; not chewed but a small amount is placed and held between cheek and gingiva or lower lip

A

snuff

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46
Q

moist powder tobacco product that is a smokeless, spitless pouch; originated from a variant of dry snuff used in the 19th century in Sweden

A

snus

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47
Q

a tube with a bowl at one end used to smoke tobacco

A

tobacco pipe

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48
Q

substance that inhibits or arrests dental caries formation

A

anticariogenic

49
Q

a compound that stops the damaging effects of reactive substances seeking an electron (oxidizing agent)

A

antioxidant

50
Q

a condition resulting from a lack of riboflavin

A

ariboflavinosis

51
Q

foods and beverages that lower oral pH and are conductive to dental caries

A

cariogenic

52
Q

individual ingestion of a cariogenic food that lowers the pH in the dental biofilm and exposes the tooth surface to demineralization

A

cariogenic exposure

53
Q

the time from the cariogenic exposure until the food is cleared from the oral cavity

A

clearance time

54
Q

customary amount and kind of food and drink taken by an individual from day to day

A

diet

55
Q

separation of a dietary food record into individual components of MyPlate

A

dietary assessment

56
Q

poor nourishment resulting from improper diet or some defect of metabolism that prevents the body from utilizing the intake of food properly

A

malnutrition

57
Q

a selectively planned or prescribed regimen of food to meet certain needs of the individual

A

meal plan

58
Q

does not support or promote bacterial growth responsible for caries formation

A

noncariogenic food

59
Q

a chemical substance in foods needed by the body for growth and repair

A

nutrient

60
Q

what are the six classes of nutrients are:

A

proteins, carohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and water

61
Q

energy yielding nutrients needed in larger amounts in the diet: carbohydrates, protein, and fat

A

macronutrients

62
Q

nutrients needed in small amounts in the diet and are not energy yielding: vitamins and minerals

A

micronutrients

63
Q

assessment of nutritional quality of a food by comparing the nutrient content with the amount of energy it provides

A

nutrient density

64
Q

sum of processes involved in taking nutrients into the body, assimilating and utilizing them

A

nutrition

65
Q

inadequacy of nutrients in the tissues; the result of inadequate dietary intake or impairment of digestiion, absorption, transport, or metabolism

A

nutritional deficiency

66
Q

a healthcare professional with a minimum of a bachelor’s degree in nutrition or dietetics who has attended an internship program or equivalent and passed the registration examination, all under the approval of the American Dietetic Association

A

Registered dietitian

67
Q

the process involved in the formation of a complex substance from simpler elements or compounds; the process of building up

A

synthesis

68
Q

a diet consisting of only plant foods

A

vegan diet

69
Q

adequate intakes

A

Als

70
Q

a measure of body fat based on height in centimeters and weight in kilograms

A

body mass index BMI

71
Q

estimated average requirements

A

EARs

72
Q

recommended dietary allowances

A

RDA’s

73
Q

tolerable upper intake levels, or upper levels

A

ULs

74
Q

UNited States Department of Agriculture

A

USDA

75
Q

United States Department of Health and Human Services

A

USDHHS

76
Q

sac formed by the localized dilation of the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart

A

aneurysm

77
Q

a condition marked by spasmodic suffocative attacks

A

angina

78
Q

acute pain in the chest from decreased blood supply to the heart muscle

A

angina pectoris

79
Q

absence of oxygen in the tissues

A

anoxia

80
Q

a substance that suppresses, delays, or nullifies coagulation of the blood

A

anticoagulant

81
Q

temporary cessation of breathing

A

apnea

82
Q

variation from the normal rhythm, especially with reference to the heart

A

arrhythmia

83
Q

joint pain

A

arthralgia

84
Q

oxygenated blood carried by an artery away from the heart to nourish the body tissues

A

arterial blood

85
Q

group of diseases characterized by thickening and loss of elasticity if the arterial wall

A

arteriosclerosis

86
Q

a condition in which there is a deficiency of oxygen in the blood and an increase in carbon dioxide

A

asphyxia

87
Q

lipid deposit on the intimia (lining) of an artery

A

atheroma

88
Q

disease process caused by the deposit of atheromas on the inner lining of arteries that results in the obstruction of blood flow

A

atherosclerosis

89
Q

slowness of the heart beat with slowing of pulse rate to less than 60 per minute

A

bradycardia

90
Q

narrowing of the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart caused by the buildup of plaque in the arteries

A

coronary heart disease

91
Q

profuse perspiration

A

diaphoresis

92
Q

labored or difficult breathing

A

dyspnea

93
Q

the sudden blocking of an artery by a clot of foreign material, an embolus, that has been brought to its site of lodgement by the bloodstream

A

embolism

94
Q

bleeding from the nose

A

epitaxis

95
Q

anticoagulant; prevents platelet agglutination and thrombus formation

A

heparin

96
Q

deficiency of blood to supply oxygen in part resulting from functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel

A

ischemia

97
Q

irregularity of heart beat caused by a turbulent flow of blood through a valve that has failed to close

A

murmur

98
Q

the middle and thicket layer of the heart wall, composed of cardiac muscle

A

myocardium

99
Q

induration, hardening

A

sclerosis

100
Q

abnormal communication between chambers or blood vessels

A

shunt

101
Q

narrowing or contraction of a body passage or opening

A

stenosis

102
Q

abnormally rapid heart rate, usually taken to be over 100 beats per minute

A

tachycardia

103
Q

blood clot attached to the intima of a blood vessel

A

thrombus

104
Q

nonoxygenated blood from the tissues; blood pumped from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation

A

venous blood

105
Q

presence of glucose in blood

A

glycemia

106
Q

high blood glucose

A

hyperglycemia

107
Q

abnormal increase in deoth and rate of respiration

A

hyperpnea

108
Q

hypogeusia

A

abnormally diminished acuteness of the sense of taste

109
Q

an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood

A

hypoglycemia

110
Q

a powerful hormone secreted by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas; the major fuel regulating hormone

A

insulin

111
Q

diabetic coma

A

ketoacidosis

112
Q

normal metabolic products of lipid within the liver

A

ketone bodies

113
Q

excess concentration of ketone bodies in the urine

A

ketonuria

114
Q

excessive thirst

A

polydipsia

115
Q

excessive ingestion of food

A

polyphagia

116
Q

excessive excretion of urine

A

polyuria

117
Q

after a meal

A

postprandial

118
Q

ictching

A

pruritus

119
Q

noninflammatory degenerative disease of the retina

A

retinopathy

Clinical Dental Hygiene 2 (9 decks)

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