Exam 3 Study Guide

Question 1

What type of tissues do herbs have? Annuals or perennials?

Answer 1

Primary, annuals

Question 2

What type of tissues do woody plants have? Annuals or perennials?

Answer 2

both primary and secondary; perennials

Question 3

What are the advantages of secondary growth?

Answer 3

-size which is beneficial for support and water conduction
-Seed production- many years and a number of seeds

Question 4

What are the disadvantages of secondary growth?

Answer 4

Expensive defenses needed

Question 5

How many times have the evolution of secondary growth occured?

Answer 5

Maybe 5

Question 6

Where are xylem and phloem in stem?

Answer 6

between vascular bundles

Question 7

What is the function of vascular cambium?

Answer 7

produces secondary xylem to inside; secondary phloem to outside

Question 8

What happens as xylem is added to the inside?

Answer 8

Girth increases, forms radial rows, division of cells

Question 9

Where are the xylem and phloem in roots?

Answer 9

sinuous between xylem and phloem

Question 10

How does the production of vascular cells occur?

Answer 10

Cambial cell divides radially

Question 11

What are the two types of conducting cells?

Answer 11

Tracheids and vessels

Question 12

What plants are tracheids seen in? Vessels?

Answer 12

Vascular plants; angiosperms

Question 13

What is the function of fibers?

Answer 13

Support and flexibility

Question 14

Do hardwoods have few or many fibers? Softwoods?

Answer 14

Many; few

Question 15

What is in the vertical system of wood structure? Horizontal system?

Answer 15

Conducting cells and fibers; rays, parenchyma and fibers, lateral transport

Question 16

In a seasonal climate, when does wood production occur?

Answer 16

Summer

Question 17

Early production of wood equals? Later?

Answer 17

Larger cells; smaller cells

Question 18

When is wood dormant?

Answer 18

Winter

Question 19

What shape does wood develop in?

Answer 19

Cone

Question 20

What does the thickness of a ring indicate?

Answer 20

High Levels of Moisture and Temperature

Question 21

What is older wood called? Uses?

Answer 21

Heart Wood; darker, secondary metabolites, protection, drier, structure

Question 22

What is the younger part of wood called? Uses?

Answer 22

Sap wood; important for water transport

Question 23

What are transport cells also called? Longevity?

Answer 23

Conduct for less than a year

Question 24

Function of phloem rays?

Answer 24

Storage

Question 25

Where do the oldest cells go?

Answer 25

Outside and sloughed off with bark

Question 26

Where is the origin of cork cambium in the root? Stem?

Answer 26

Pericycle; cortex

Question 27

Are cells dead at maturity in cork?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

What do cork walls contain? Function?

Answer 28

Suberin; protection from desiccation and parasites

Question 29

What are lateral branches?

Answer 29

Secondary tissues continuous with original stem

Question 30

What type of growth do monocots have? Example?

Answer 30

Establishment growth; plam

Question 30

Do monocots have secondary growth?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

Features of establishment growth?

Answer 31

Larger trunk, lateral growth, woodiness is because of fibers

Question 32

What do palms have at their base for support?

Answer 32

Roots

Question 33

What is the general overview of photosynthesis?

Answer 33

Visible light converted to chemical energy

Question 34

Equation? Reactants? Product? Byproducts?

Answer 34

See slide 2. R: CO_2 and H_2O P: Glucose B: H_2O and O_2

Question 35

What is the outer structure of a chloroplast?

Answer 35

Double outer membrane,

Question 36

What is the inner membrane system of a chloroplast?

Answer 36

Thylakoids

Question 37

What are grana?

Answer 37

Stacks of membrane sacs, chlorophyll, ETS

Question 38

What are stroma?

Answer 38

Watery matrix around thylakoids

Question 39

What is chlorophyll? Structure?

Answer 39

Light harvesting pigment; complex head with Mg molecule and nitrogen rings, phytol tail

Question 40

What is the function of the phytol tail?

Answer 40

Anchors chlorophyll in granum membrane

Question 41

How many forms of chlorophyll?

Answer 41

A-E

Question 42

What includes white visible light?

Answer 42

ROYGBIV

Question 43

What does red pigment absorb/transmit?

Answer 43

Absorbs purple and orange Transmits red

Question 44

What do pigments do?

Answer 44

Absorbs colors we don't see Transmits colors we do see

Question 45

What does chlorophyll absorb and transmit?

Answer 45

Absorbs Blue and Red and Transmits Green

Question 46

What are photosystems? Function?

Answer 46

Organized clusters of light harvesting pigment molecules; antenna, funnel energy to rxn center, energy passed to ETS

Question 47

How many coupled rxns in photosynthesis? Names?

Answer 47

Light Dependent Rxns, Light Independent Rxns

Question 48

Function of LIR? Where?

Answer 48

Stroma Energy in ATP and NADPH CO_2 Makes Sugars

Question 48

Function of LDR? Where?

Answer 48

Grana 1. Generate ATP 2. Reduce NADP+ to NADPH

Question 49

Products of LDR?

Answer 49

ATP, NADPH, O_2

Question 49

What is chemiosmosis?

Answer 49

Mechanism of ATP Formation

Question 50

Steps of Chemiosmosis?

Answer 50

1. Energy pumps H+ across membrane 2. Creates charge across membrane 3. ATP Synthase allows flow of H+ 4. H+ flow allows ATP Synthase to form ATP

Question 51

Where does cyclic photophosphorylation occur? Forms?

Answer 51

PS I; ATP

Question 52

LIR function?

Answer 52

Carbon fixation, RUBISCO fixation

Question 53

What is fluorescence?

Answer 53

Isolated chlorophyll, excess energy, absorbs light energy which releases red light and heat