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Plant Life > Exam 3 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 3 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What type of tissues do herbs have? Annuals or perennials?

A

Primary, annuals

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2
Q

What type of tissues do woody plants have? Annuals or perennials?

A

both primary and secondary; perennials

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3
Q

What are the advantages of secondary growth?

A

-size which is beneficial for support and water conduction
-Seed production- many years and a number of seeds

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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of secondary growth?

A

Expensive defenses needed

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5
Q

How many times have the evolution of secondary growth occured?

A

Maybe 5

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6
Q

Where are xylem and phloem in stem?

A

between vascular bundles

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7
Q

What is the function of vascular cambium?

A

produces secondary xylem to inside; secondary phloem to outside

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8
Q

What happens as xylem is added to the inside?

A

Girth increases, forms radial rows, division of cells

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9
Q

Where are the xylem and phloem in roots?

A

sinuous between xylem and phloem

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10
Q

How does the production of vascular cells occur?

A

Cambial cell divides radially

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11
Q

What are the two types of conducting cells?

A

Tracheids and vessels

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12
Q

What plants are tracheids seen in? Vessels?

A

Vascular plants; angiosperms

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13
Q

What is the function of fibers?

A

Support and flexibility

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14
Q

Do hardwoods have few or many fibers? Softwoods?

A

Many; few

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15
Q

What is in the vertical system of wood structure? Horizontal system?

A

Conducting cells and fibers; rays, parenchyma and fibers, lateral transport

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16
Q

In a seasonal climate, when does wood production occur?

A

Summer

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17
Q

Early production of wood equals? Later?

A

Larger cells; smaller cells

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18
Q

When is wood dormant?

A

Winter

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19
Q

What shape does wood develop in?

A

Cone

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20
Q

What does the thickness of a ring indicate?

A

High Levels of Moisture and Temperature

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21
Q

What is older wood called? Uses?

A

Heart Wood; darker, secondary metabolites, protection, drier, structure

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22
Q

What is the younger part of wood called? Uses?

A

Sap wood; important for water transport

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23
Q

What are transport cells also called? Longevity?

A

Conduct for less than a year

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24
Q

Function of phloem rays?

A

Storage

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25
Q

Where do the oldest cells go?

A

Outside and sloughed off with bark

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26
Q

Where is the origin of cork cambium in the root? Stem?

A

Pericycle; cortex

27
Q

Are cells dead at maturity in cork?

A

Yes

28
Q

What do cork walls contain? Function?

A

Suberin; protection from desiccation and parasites

29
Q

What are lateral branches?

A

Secondary tissues continuous with original stem

30
Q

What type of growth do monocots have? Example?

A

Establishment growth; plam

30
Q

Do monocots have secondary growth?

A

No

31
Q

Features of establishment growth?

A

Larger trunk, lateral growth, woodiness is because of fibers

32
Q

What do palms have at their base for support?

A

Roots

33
Q

What is the general overview of photosynthesis?

A

Visible light converted to chemical energy

34
Q

Equation? Reactants? Product? Byproducts?

A

See slide 2.
R: CO_2 and H_2O
P: Glucose
B: H_2O and O_2

35
Q

What is the outer structure of a chloroplast?

A

Double outer membrane,

36
Q

What is the inner membrane system of a chloroplast?

A

Thylakoids

37
Q

What are grana?

A

Stacks of membrane sacs, chlorophyll, ETS

38
Q

What are stroma?

A

Watery matrix around thylakoids

39
Q

What is chlorophyll? Structure?

A

Light harvesting pigment; complex head with Mg molecule and nitrogen rings, phytol tail

40
Q

What is the function of the phytol tail?

A

Anchors chlorophyll in granum membrane

41
Q

How many forms of chlorophyll?

A

A-E

42
Q

What includes white visible light?

A

ROYGBIV

43
Q

What does red pigment absorb/transmit?

A

Absorbs purple and orange
Transmits red

44
Q

What do pigments do?

A

Absorbs colors we don’t see
Transmits colors we do see

45
Q

What does chlorophyll absorb and transmit?

A

Absorbs Blue and Red and Transmits Green

46
Q

What are photosystems? Function?

A

Organized clusters of light harvesting pigment molecules; antenna, funnel energy to rxn center, energy passed to ETS

47
Q

How many coupled rxns in photosynthesis? Names?

A

Light Dependent Rxns, Light Independent Rxns

48
Q

Function of LIR? Where?

A

Stroma
Energy in ATP and NADPH
CO_2
Makes Sugars

48
Q

Function of LDR? Where?

A

Grana
1. Generate ATP
2. Reduce NADP+ to NADPH

49
Q

Products of LDR?

A

ATP, NADPH, O_2

49
Q

What is chemiosmosis?

A

Mechanism of ATP Formation

50
Q

Steps of Chemiosmosis?

A
  1. Energy pumps H+ across membrane
  2. Creates charge across membrane
  3. ATP Synthase allows flow of H+
  4. H+ flow allows ATP Synthase to form ATP
51
Q

Where does cyclic photophosphorylation occur? Forms?

A

PS I; ATP

52
Q

LIR function?

A

Carbon fixation,
RUBISCO fixation

52
Q
A
53
Q

What is fluorescence?

A

Isolated chlorophyll, excess energy, absorbs light energy which releases red light and heat

54
Q
A
55
Q
A
56
Q
A
57
Q
A
58
Q
A
59
Q
A

Plant Life (8 decks)

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