Exam 3 - Schizophrenia (Watts/Ott) Flashcards
what are the positive symptoms
hallucinations
delusions
bizarre behavior
thought disorders
what are the negative symptoms
blunted emotion
poor self care
social withdrawal
poverty in speech
Cognitive symptoms involve ______ receptors and _____ receptors
D1 receptors; Glutamate Receptors
what neurotransmitters are to be involved in schizophrenia
dopamine
serotonin
glutamate
do positive or negative symptoms respond better to drug therapy
positive!
negative has like no response
what 5HT receptor is known as the mediator for hallucinations
5HT 2A
5HT2A receptors modulate _______ release in the cortex, limbic region, and striatum
dopamine
5HT2A receptors modulate dopamine release in what area?
cortex, limbic region, and striatum
5HT2A receptors modulate _______ release and ______ receptors
glutamate; NMDA
what kind of agents can exacerbate symptoms of schizophrenia
dopaminergic
L-DOPA, Amphetamine, Bromocriptine
what is the major receptor antagonized by antipsyhchotics
dopamine!
MAINLY D2
newer antipsychotics also antagonize what receptor?
serotonin
what are other (aka minor) receptors that antipsychotics antagonize?
NE, ACh, Histamine
most antipsychotic drugs are (agonist, partial agonist, or antagonist?)
Antagonist!!
D1 or D2 receptors have more correlation b/w binding potency and clinical effectiveness
D2!!
when D2 antagonism occurs in the basal ganglia — what effects are seen?
EPS/motor effects
what are symptoms of EPS
dystonia
pseudoparkinsonism
tremor
aktahisia
what is akathisia
restlessness
what is dystonia
increase muscle tone
are EPS symptoms form antipsychotics reversible?
yes
when do EPS symptoms occur when an antipsychotic is started
days to weeks
early on!
what are symptoms of tardive dyskinesia?
rhythmic involuntary movements
irregular purposelessness
athetoid (worm like)
axial hyperkinesias (to and fro)
are tardive dyskinesia symptoms form antipsychotics reversible?
no!
when do tardive dyskinesia symptoms occur when an antipsychotic is started
later!
months to a year
what is NMS side effect from antipsychotic?
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
serious/rapid (fatality)
(EPS + Fever)
Antipsychotic drugs take about how long for effectiveness?
2- 3 weeks
Antipsychotic drugs take about how long for maximal effectiveness
6 weeks to 6 months…
ADE’s of Antipsychotics: Autonomic
when Muscarinic cholinoreceptors are blocked what are the manifestations?
dry mouth
difficulty urinating
constipation
loss of accommodation (eye)
ADE’s of Antipsychotics: Autonomic
when alpha adrenergic blockade occurs what are the manifestations?
orthostasis hypotension
impotence
failure to ejaculate
ADE’s of Antipsychotics: CNS
when dopamine receptor blockade occurs — what are the manifestations?
parkinson’s syndrome
aktahasia
dystonia
ADE’s of Antipsychotics: CNS
if supersensitvity of dopamine receptors occur — what is the manifestation?
tardive dyskinesia
ADE’s of Antipsychotics: CNS
if muscarinic blockade happens - what is the manifestation? (CNS!!*)
toxic - confusional state
ADE’s of Antipsychotics: CBS
if histamine receptors are blocked - what is the clinical manifestation?
sedation
ADE’s of Antipsychotics: Endocrine System
what is the manifestation when dopamine receptors are blocked (causing hypoerprolactonemia)
ameorrhea
galactorhea
infertility
impotence
ADE’s of Antipsychotics:
when combined H1 and 5HT(2C) blockade occurs — what is the manifestation
weight gain
which drug was the first typical antipsychotic?
chlorpromazine
Key Points for Chlorpromazine?
Watts Table
1st antipsychotic
antihistamine side effects
Key Points for Promethazine
Watts Table
antihistamine
antiemetic
Key Points for Thioridazine
Watts Table
Anticholinergic
sedation
sexual dysfunction
cardiovascular
Key Points for Fluephenazine
Watts Table
EPS
Key Points for Prochlorperazine
Watts Table
Antiemetic
Key Points for Perphenazine
Watts Table
CATIE Studies =
Combo w/ anticholinergic vs newer agents
Key Points for Thiothixene
Watts Table
modest EPS
Key points for haloperidol
Watts Table
EPS
Key Points for Molindone
Watts Table
moderate EPS
Key Points for Pimozide
Watts Table
used for tourette’s disease, suppress motor and vocal tics