Exam 3: Rhythms and Sleep

Question 1

What are the names of the two types of Biological Rhythms?

Answer 1

• Ultradian and Infradian Rhythm

Question 2

What is a Ultradian Rhythm?

Can you give an example?

Answer 2

Any biological process that repeats more than one a day. An example would be feeding or hormone release

Question 3

What is a Infradian Rhythm? Can you give an example?

Answer 3

Any biological process that repeats less than once a day. An example would be a menstrual cycle or seasonal depression

Question 4

What is the Circadian Rhythm? Can you give an example?

Answer 4

Any biological process that cycles through 24 hours. An example would be hormone release and body temp

Question 5

Circadian rhythms are generated by:

Answer 5

Endogenous clocks

Question 6

Zeitgebers:

Answer 6

Environmental cues that control the timing of circadian rhythms

Question 7

Which area of the brain is associated with Zeitgebers?

Answer 7

SCN suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus

Question 8

Outline what it is meant by a free- running Circadian Cycle:

Answer 8

Even without the presence of Zeitgebers, humans still maintain a circadian rhythm that is ~25 hours long

Question 9

Emergent Stage one is considered to be?

Answer 9

REM Sleep

Question 10

What are some characteristics of REM Sleep?

Answer 10

• Rapid Eye Movement
• Atonia
• Muscle Twitching
• Low amplitude, high frequency EEG
• Have waking level brain activity

Question 11

Describe the Carousal Apparatus Experiment and its results:

Answer 11

2 rats were placed in a glass container with a rotating disk connecting the two. There was a yoked ray and a control rat. Whenever the yoked rat fell asleep the disk would rotate. If it failed to wake up immediately it would fall into water under the disk.

The results of the experiment connected to sleep deprivation in humans and also Sleep recovery.

Question 12

What are the 3 effects that will occur in humans as a result of sleep deprivation?

Answer 12

1. Increased sleepiness
2. Irritability
3. Difficulty concentrating
4. and for more sever deprivation it would be hallucinations

Question 13

What is the general ideal behind REM Rebound?

Answer 13

You wont necessarily make up for any sleep you lost but you may have a more intense sleep

Question 14

What does the REM default hypothesis claim?

Answer 14

REM sleep has no critical function

Question 15

Outline Hobson’s Activation - Synthesis Theory:

Answer 15

Stored information in the cortex during dreaming is random and the dream is an attempt to make sense of it. The meaning comes from what people make of it

Question 16

What are the 3 most common Sleep disorders and their definitions?

Answer 16

Sleep Apnea is unreliable respiration while sleeping/ Nocturnal Myoclonus is Restless leg syndrome. lastly narcolepsy is characterized by daytime sleep attacks and sleep hallucinations.