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Brain and Behavior > Chemistry of Behavior > Flashcards

Chemistry of Behavior Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

What is the importance of receptors?

A

Receptors contain a binding site for Neurotransmitters that will trigger an EPSP or IPSP

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2
Q

Where are receptors typically found?

A

They are found in the postsynaptic membrane

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3
Q

What are the main differences between a metabotropic and a ionotropic receptor?

A

An ionotropic receptor directly opens when a neurotransmitter binds to it, whereas a metabotropic receptor relies on G proteins and a second messenger to indirectly open the channel

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4
Q

Describe the speed and duration of metabotropic and ionotropic receptors:

A

Ionotropic - Fast in its effects but have a short duration

Metabotropic - Have a slower effect but have a longer duration (neuromodulators)

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5
Q

What is an auto-receptor?

A

It is a receptors that monitors the amount on neurotransmitters in the synapse

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6
Q

What is a Heteroceptor?

A

They are activated by different Neurotransmitters

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7
Q

What are the 4 classes of neurotransmitters?

A
  1. Amino Acids
  2. Amines
  3. Neuropeptides
  4. Gases
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8
Q

What are the two most prominent Amino Acid Neurotransmitters?

A

Glutamate and GABA

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9
Q

What is Glutamate?

A

The most prominent Excitatory NT

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10
Q

What are the receptors for glutamate?

A

NAKm - NMDA, AMPA, Kainate, and mGluRs

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11
Q

What is GABA?

A

The most prominent inhibitory NT

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12
Q

What are the receptors that glutamate binds to?

A

GABA a and b

a is an ionotropic receptor while b is a metabotropic receptor

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13
Q

What are the two monoamines we have discusses?

A

Catelolamines and indolamines

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14
Q

What are the 3 catelolamines

A

DNE - Dopamine, Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

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15
Q

What is the name of one well known indolamine?

A

Serotonin

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16
Q

What is the receptor action of Dopamine?

A

Can exert exitatory and inhibitory effects

Excitatory is receptor D1 which includes 1 and 5

Inhibitor includes receptors 2,3,4

17
Q

How is Dopamine terminated?

A
  1. Reuptake by DAT (Dopamine transporter)

2. Enzymatic degradation by MAO and COMT

18
Q

What does norepinephrine bind to?

A

It binds to adrenoreceptors called a1 and b1 a2 and b2

There is only one inhibitory receptor which is a2 the rest are excitatory

19
Q

How is norepinephrine terminated?

A

2 ways:

  1. Enzymatic degradation by MAO and COMT
  2. Reuptake my NET
20
Q

What receptors does Serotonin bind to?

A

5-HT1 and HT7

21
Q

How is serotonin terminated?

A
  1. enzymatic degradation by MAO

2. Reuptake by SERT (Serotonin transporter)

22
Q

What functions does dopamine effect?

A

motor behavior, pleasure, motivation , and emotional arousal

23
Q

What functions does norepinephrine effect?

A

Vigilance, and other cognitive effects

24
Q

What functions does epinephrine effect?

A

Flight or fight response

25
Q

What functions does Serotonin effect?

A

Sleep and wakefulness, mood , eating, and aggressive behaviors

26
Q

What is acetylcholine

A

It is a essential NT in the P. nervous system

27
Q

Why is acetylcholine important?

A

It is located at the neuromuscular junction within the P nervous system ; it has direct contact with muscle fibers

28
Q

How is Acetylcholine terminated?

A
  1. Enzymatic degradation ]2. reuptake by choline
29
Q

What are the receptors for Acetylcholine?

A

Nicotinic - Ionotropic and excitatory

Muscarinic - metabotropic

30
Q

What are the large molecule neurotransmitters?

A

These are called Neuropeptides

31
Q

What are most Neuropeptides considered since they coexist in axon terminals?

A

Neuromodulators

32
Q

Where are neuropeptides synthesized?

A

In cell body enzyme cleavage

33
Q

What are the 2 soluble gasses that are considered NTs?

A

Carbon monoxide and Nitric Oxide

34
Q

What is Endocannabinoids?

A

A NT released by the dentrites to effect presynaptic neuron

35
Q

How do drugs modify synaptic transmission?

A

Can either be antagonist or Agonists

Anta = facilitate effects
Agon=inhibit effects

36
Q

What are some Antagonist effects of drugs on NTs?

A
  1. blocks release of NT molecules from terminal button
  2. Drug blocks the receptor
  3. Drugs block the synthesis of the NT molecule
37
Q

What are some Agonist effects of drugs on NTs?

A
  1. Drug increases synthesis of NT molecules
  2. Activated or increases the effect of a postsynaptic receptor on an NT
  3. Increases the release of the NT molecules from terminal button
38
Q

What can drugs affect regarding NTs?

A
  • NT synthesis, storage, and release

- activate or deactivate Postsynaptic Receptors

Brain and Behavior (11 decks)

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