Chemistry of Behavior

Question 1

What is the importance of receptors?

Answer 1

Receptors contain a binding site for Neurotransmitters that will trigger an EPSP or IPSP

Question 2

Where are receptors typically found?

Answer 2

They are found in the postsynaptic membrane

Question 3

What are the main differences between a metabotropic and a ionotropic receptor?

Answer 3

An ionotropic receptor directly opens when a neurotransmitter binds to it, whereas a metabotropic receptor relies on G proteins and a second messenger to indirectly open the channel

Question 4

Describe the speed and duration of metabotropic and ionotropic receptors:

Answer 4

Ionotropic - Fast in its effects but have a short duration

Metabotropic - Have a slower effect but have a longer duration (neuromodulators)

Question 5

What is an auto-receptor?

Answer 5

It is a receptors that monitors the amount on neurotransmitters in the synapse

Question 6

What is a Heteroceptor?

Answer 6

They are activated by different Neurotransmitters

Question 7

What are the 4 classes of neurotransmitters?

Answer 7

1. Amino Acids
2. Amines
3. Neuropeptides
4. Gases

Question 8

What are the two most prominent Amino Acid Neurotransmitters?

Answer 8

Glutamate and GABA

Question 9

What is Glutamate?

Answer 9

The most prominent Excitatory NT

Question 10

What are the receptors for glutamate?

Answer 10

NAKm - NMDA, AMPA, Kainate, and mGluRs

Question 11

What is GABA?

Answer 11

The most prominent inhibitory NT

Question 12

What are the receptors that glutamate binds to?

Answer 12

GABA a and b

a is an ionotropic receptor while b is a metabotropic receptor

Question 13

What are the two monoamines we have discusses?

Answer 13

Catelolamines and indolamines

Question 14

What are the 3 catelolamines

Answer 14

DNE - Dopamine, Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

Question 15

What is the name of one well known indolamine?

Answer 15

Serotonin

Question 16

What is the receptor action of Dopamine?

Answer 16

Can exert exitatory and inhibitory effects

Excitatory is receptor D1 which includes 1 and 5

Inhibitor includes receptors 2,3,4

Question 17

How is Dopamine terminated?

Answer 17

1. Reuptake by DAT (Dopamine transporter)

2. Enzymatic degradation by MAO and COMT

Question 18

What does norepinephrine bind to?

Answer 18

It binds to adrenoreceptors called a1 and b1 a2 and b2

There is only one inhibitory receptor which is a2 the rest are excitatory

Question 19

How is norepinephrine terminated?

Answer 19

2 ways:

1. Enzymatic degradation by MAO and COMT
2. Reuptake my NET

Question 20

What receptors does Serotonin bind to?

Answer 20

5-HT1 and HT7

Question 21

How is serotonin terminated?

Answer 21

1. enzymatic degradation by MAO

2. Reuptake by SERT (Serotonin transporter)

Question 22

What functions does dopamine effect?

Answer 22

motor behavior, pleasure, motivation , and emotional arousal

Question 23

What functions does norepinephrine effect?

Answer 23

Vigilance, and other cognitive effects

Question 24

What functions does epinephrine effect?

Answer 24

Flight or fight response

Question 25

What functions does Serotonin effect?

Answer 25

Sleep and wakefulness, mood , eating, and aggressive behaviors

Question 26

What is acetylcholine

Answer 26

It is a essential NT in the P. nervous system

Question 27

Why is acetylcholine important?

Answer 27

It is located at the neuromuscular junction within the P nervous system ; it has direct contact with muscle fibers

Question 28

How is Acetylcholine terminated?

Answer 28

1. Enzymatic degradation ]2. reuptake by choline

Question 29

What are the receptors for Acetylcholine?

Answer 29

Nicotinic - Ionotropic and excitatory Muscarinic - metabotropic

Question 30

What are the large molecule neurotransmitters?

Answer 30

These are called Neuropeptides

Question 31

What are most Neuropeptides considered since they coexist in axon terminals?

Answer 31

Neuromodulators

Question 32

Where are neuropeptides synthesized?

Answer 32

In cell body enzyme cleavage

Question 33

What are the 2 soluble gasses that are considered NTs?

Answer 33

Carbon monoxide and Nitric Oxide

Question 34

What is Endocannabinoids?

Answer 34

A NT released by the dentrites to effect presynaptic neuron

Question 35

How do drugs modify synaptic transmission?

Answer 35

Can either be antagonist or Agonists Anta = facilitate effects Agon=inhibit effects

Question 36

What are some Antagonist effects of drugs on NTs?

Answer 36

1. blocks release of NT molecules from terminal button 2. Drug blocks the receptor 3. Drugs block the synthesis of the NT molecule

Question 37

What are some Agonist effects of drugs on NTs?

Answer 37

1. Drug increases synthesis of NT molecules 2. Activated or increases the effect of a postsynaptic receptor on an NT 3. Increases the release of the NT molecules from terminal button

Question 38

What can drugs affect regarding NTs?

Answer 38

- NT synthesis, storage, and release | - activate or deactivate Postsynaptic Receptors