Exam 3 Review

Question 1

when the endothelium is damaged, the subendothelium is exposed. what molecule on the subendothelium is the first one bound by platelets?

Answer 1

von Willebrand factor

Question 2

how would platelet clumps affect a CBC?

Answer 2

they would artificially lower the platelet count, making a clinically normal patient look thrombocytopenic

Question 2

an incompatible major crossmatch predicts what?

Answer 2

acute hemolytic reactions

Question 3

crossmatching detects

Answer 3

sensitization: detects ab that might cause an immediate reaction

Question 3

blood typing avoids

Answer 3

sensitization: best to avoid a delay transfusion reaction: can predict what will happen

Question 4

what are the most important dog EAs?

Answer 4

DEA 1.1, 1.2
a dog can be transfused safely one time without a cross-match

Question 5

what are the blood types of cats?

Answer 5

A, B, AB

Question 6

what blood type of cats have very strong hemagglutinating antibodies

Answer 6

type B cats have very strong hemagglutinating anti-A antibodies

Question 6

cross-matching

Answer 6

detects presence of antibodies in recipient serum that may react with donor RBC to cause an immediate transfusion rxn

Question 7

major cross match

Answer 7

donor cells + recipient serum

Question 8

among dogs, cats, and horses, major crossmatching is most important in which species for a first-time transfusion?

Answer 8

cats

Question 8

you see a cat that has a known monoclonal immunoglobulin in the serum and neoplastic plasma cells in the spleen. you wish to evaluate for bence-jones proteins. what sample and test is going to be most useful?

Answer 8

urine protein electrophoresis with immunofixation

Question 9

minor crossmatch

Answer 9

donor plasma and recipient RBC- detects abs in donor plasma
much less important

Question 9

a dog is transfused for the first time with packed cells from a “universal donor”. you did not blood type him first. His PCV raises slightly, then drops almost to the pre-transfusion value over the next 5-10 days, with no signs of bleeding. what condition is he experiencing?

Answer 9

a delayed transfusion reaction

Question 10

a 12-year-old dog has a PCV of 18% (32-47%), normal protein, and history of CHF. the best product for transfusion is

Answer 10

packed cells: need to replace oxygen-carrying capacity

Question 11

what is a good indicator of inflammation in ruminants and horses?

Answer 11

increased fibrinogen

Question 11

what are causes of hyperbilirubinemia (icterus)?

Answer 11

1. pre-hepatic: hyperbilirubinemia: things bursting RBC
2. hepatic: lepto, sepsis
3. post-hepatic: anorexia: anything after conjugated bilirubin gets stopped

Question 12

matching patient serum with donor erythrocytes describes the procedure for which test?

Answer 12

major crossmatch

Question 13

the best explanation for increased GGT in a calf is

Answer 13

ingestion of colostrum

Question 13

fasting hyperbilirubinemia is particularly prominent in what species?

Answer 13

horses

Question 13

you see a blood panel on a 9 year old dog. the only abnormality is increased albumin. what is the most likely interpretation for this protein change?

Answer 13

dehydration

Question 14

what analyte abnormality CANNOT be explained by a course of gluococorticoids?

Answer 14

bilirubin

Question 15

what bloodwork values can increase with muscle damage?

Answer 15

• CK: very sensitive: acutely risees
• AST: later (1-3 days)
• ALT