Exam 3 Review

Question 1

True or false: Lactated Ringer’s solution is specifically useful to correct metabolic alkalosis.

Answer 1

FALSE - lactate uses hydrogen ions to reconvert itself into pyruvate (alkaline)

Question 2

True or false: Lactated Ringer’s solution is specially indicated to correct metabolic acidosis in patients with poor liver function.

Answer 2

FALSE - lactate is metabolized in the liver, so it must be functioning

Question 3

How and where does acetate correct acidosis?

a. Via acetyl-coA; in the kidneys
b. Via pyruvate; in the liver
c. Via acetyl-coA; in the skeletal muscle
d. Via NADPH; in the liver

Answer 3

C - metabolized in the muscle from acetyl-CoA

Question 4

How does triamterene act?

a. It blocks the ENaC
b. It blocks the NKCC
c. It blocks the aldosterone receptors
d. It blocks the CA

Answer 4

A - potassium-sparing sodium channel blocker

Question 5

What is the drug of choice for exercise-induced hemorrhage in horses?

a. Hydrochlorothiazide
b. Trimaterene
c. Spironolactone
d. Furosemide

Answer 5

D - decreases pulmonary pressure

Question 6

How does bethanechol act and when is it indicated?

a. Anticholinergic; hypercontractile bladder
b. Parasympathomimetic; hypocontractile bladder
c. Alpha-adrenergic antagonist; hypertonic urethra
d. Beta-adrenergic antagonist; hypotonic urethra

Answer 6

B

Question 7

Diuresis in ARF patients is induced by using….

Answer 7

• Mannitol** —> reactive oxygen scavenger activity
• Furosemide*
• Dextrose
• Dopamine

Question 8

What is used to correct metabolic acidosis in a hypernatremic ARF patients?

a. NaCl 0.9%
b. Ringer’s solution
c. Lactated Ringer’s solution
d. Sodium bicarbonate

Answer 8

C - sodium bicarbonate is too rich in Na

Question 9

What are the most relevant cell damage and sources of ROS in renal reperfusion injury?

Answer 9

• cytoskeleton damage
• translocation of Na/K ATPase = loss of function
• apoptosis

mitochondrial complexes
hypoxanthine