Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

COB - Physiology I > Exam 3 - Readings (Cardioavascular) > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Readings (Cardioavascular) Flashcards

1
Q

Term for fast heart rate.

A

Tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ECG results for patient with tachcardia.

A

Normal, however time intervals between QRS complex will generally be >100 beats/min.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Term for slow heart rate.

A

Bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A patient with a HR <60 beats/min can be diagnosed with what condition.

A

Bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stimulation of this nerve causes bradycardia.

A

Vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This tool measures the duration of interbals between successive QRS complexes in the ECG via height of successie peaks.

A

Cardiotachometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A condition that may results from various condition altering the strength of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve signals to the heart sinus node.

A

Sinus arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Blockage defined by sudden halting of P waves in an ECG, QRS-T complex is delayed but presents normally; due to sinus node impulse being blocked before it enters the atrial muscle.

A

Sinoatrial block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The only means by which an impulse can pass from the atria into the ventricle.

A

A-V bundle/Bundle of His

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blockage when P-R interval is >20 seconds.

A

First-degree heart block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Blockage that may occur fromt the following conditions: Ishemia/inflammaiton of the A-V node/A-V bundle fibers, compression of the A-V bundle via scar tissue, or extreme heart stimulation via the vagus nerve.

A

Atrioventricular block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Blockage defined as delay of conduction from the atria to the ventricles however there is not actual blockage of conduction.

A

First-degree heart block.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blockage when P-R interval is 0.25-0.45 seconds.

A

Second-degree heart block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blockage that demonstrates cases where an atrial P wave forms but is not followed with by a QRS-T wave.

A

Second-degree heart block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Second-degree heart block characterized by fixed number of nonconducted P waves for every QRS complex.

A

Type II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Second-degree heart block characterized by progressive prolongation of the PR interval until a ventricular beat is dropped.

A

Type I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Blockage characterized by complete blockage of impulse from the atria into the ventricles.

A

Third-degree heart block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Blockage where P waves are completely dissociated with QRS-T complexes.

A

Third-degree heart block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Term for ventricular excitability being initially suppressed due to the ventricles being driven by the atria at a rate greater than normal.

A

Overdrive suppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Phenomenon that occurs due to overdrive suppression. When part of Purkinje system discharges rhythmically at a rate of 15-40 times per minutes and acts as the pacemaker for the ventricles.

A

Ventricular escape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Condition chararacterized by periodic fainting spells.

A

Stokes-Adams syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A small battery-operated electrical stimulator planted beneath the skin connected to the right ventricle that maintains continued rhythmical impulses to the ventricles.

A

Artificial pacemaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Term for a contraction that occurs before the time that normal contraction would have been expected.

A

Premature contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Main cause of premature contractions, emits abnormal impulses at odd times during the cardiac rhythm.

A

Ectopic foci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Condition that may result from the following causes: Local areas of ischemia, small calcified plaques within the heart, or toxic irritation of A-V node/Purkinje sysmer/myocardium.

A

Ectopic foci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Term for the interval between premature contractions and the next succeeding contraction which is slightly prolonged.

A

Compensatory pause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When the heart contracts before it should and the ventricles are not filled with blood normally and the stroke volume output during contraction is depressed or almost absent.

A

Pulse deficit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Results from incontrolable cardiac impulses within ventricular muscles leading to an endless cycle of stimulation.

A

Ventricular fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Causing factors of ventricular fibrillation.

A

Sudden electrical shock of the heart or ischemia of the heart muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Ways that a cardiac impulse can “re-enter” the heart muscle.

A

Pathway us longer than normal, velocirt of conduction is decreased, or the refractory period of the muscle is shortened.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What effect would dilation of the heart have on the cardiac impulse pathway?

A

Increase the duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What effect would blockage of the Purkinje system, ischemia of the heart, or high potassium levels have on a cardiac impulse?

A

Decrease its velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What effect would drugs such as epinephrine or repetitive electrical stimulation have on the refractory period of the heart muscle?

A

Decrease the refractory period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A patient’s ECG lacks P waves leading you to suspect what?

A

Atrial fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Main role of microcirculation.

A

Transport nutrients to tissues and remove cell excreta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Smooth muscles fiber that encricles a capillary, site at which a metarteriole becomes a capillary.

A

Precapillary sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Thin-slit curving channel that lies between adjacent endothelial cells in capillary walls, where water soluble substances dissolve through the membrane.

A

Interceullar cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Small curve in endothelial cells that are thought to play a role in endocytosis

A

Caveolae

39
Q

Organ associated with pores that form tight junctions and permit the movement of small molecules (i.e. oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water)

A

Brain

40
Q

Organ associated with capillary pores that are wide open that nearly all dissolved substances may enter.

A

Liver

41
Q

Organ associated with midsized capillary pores.

A

Gastrintestinal capillary membranes

42
Q

Structure/Organ associated with oval window fenestrae capillary pores that make deep penetrations into the endothelial cells so that small molecules can filter through glomeruli without passing through the celft of endothelial cells.

A

Glomerular capillaries of the kidney

43
Q

Intermittent contractions of the metarterioles and precapillary sphincters.

A

Vasomotion

44
Q

What is the most significant regulator of vasomotion?

A

Oxygen concentration

45
Q

Single most important means by which substances move between the plasma and interstitial fluid.

A

Diffusion

46
Q

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are [water-soluble/lipid-soluble] substances.

A

Lipid soluble substances

47
Q

[Lipid-soluble/water-soluble] substances can diffuse through endothelial membranes at any point without pores.

A

Lipid-soluble

48
Q

Spaces between cells.

A

Interstitium

49
Q

What are the two solid structures that make up interstitium?

A

Collagen and proteoglycan

50
Q

Fluid in interstitium

A

Interstitial fluid

51
Q

Osmotic pressure due to plasma proteins causing fluid movement via osmosis from the interstital spaces into blood.

A

Colloid osmotic pressure

52
Q

Four factors that determine whether fluid will move out of the blood into the interstitial fluid or vice versa

A

Capillary pressure, interstitial fluid pressure, capillary plasma colloid osmotic presure, interstital fluid colloid osmotic pressure.

53
Q

What direction does capillary pressure and interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure tend to make fluid move as it pertain to the capillary membrane?

A

Outward

54
Q

What direction does interstitial fluid pressure and capillary plasma colloid osmotic pressure tend to make fluid move at it pertains to the capillary membrane?

A

Inward

55
Q

System that removes excess fluid/protein molecules/debris/other matter from tissue spaces.

A

Lymphatic system

56
Q

How does the lymphatic system effect the interstital fluid pressure?

A

Makes it negative

57
Q

True/False: Superficial portions of the skin, the CNS, endomysium of muscles, and bones all have lymph channels.

A

False

58
Q

Minute interstital channels that permit the flow of interstital fluid to lymphatic vessels.

A

Prelymphatics

59
Q

Site at which lymph vessels of the lower part of the body empty into.

A

Thoracic duct

60
Q

Where does lymph from the left side of the head, left arm, and parts of the chest drain?

A

Thoracic duct

61
Q

Where does lymph from the right side of the head, the right arm, and parts of the thorax drain?

A

Right lymph duct

62
Q

Where does lymph from the right lymph duct empty?

A

Right subclavian vein and internal jugular vein

63
Q

How is most lymph reabsorbed? Where is the remaining lymph absorbed?

A

Through venous ends of blood capillaries; Lymphatic capillaries

64
Q

Structures associated with lymphatic capillaries that allows absorbance of molecules with higher molecular weight (i.e. proteins).

A

Anchoring filaments

65
Q

What lymph tends to have the highest protein concentration?

A

Liver and intestine

66
Q

How is the lymphatic system important to nutrient absorption?

A

Major route for absorption especially as it pertain to fats in food

67
Q

About how many liters of lymph flow through the body per day?

A

2-3 Liters

68
Q

An increase in lymph flow will [increase/decrease] interstitial fluid pressure.

A

Increase

69
Q

Factors that increase lymph flow.

A

Elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure, decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure, increase interstital fluid colloid osmotic pressure, and increased permeabiltiy of the capillaries.

70
Q

True/False: As interstital fluid begins to exceed atmospheric pressure it will continue to increase lymph flow.

A

False it will cap out

71
Q

What causes pumping of the lymphatics (i.e. four factors)?

A

Contraction of surrounding skeletal muscles, movement of the parts of the body, pulsations of arteries adjacent to the lymphatics, and compression of the tissues by objects outside the body.

72
Q

Generally, what two factors determine lymph flow?

A

Interstitial fluid pressure and activity of lymphatic pump

73
Q

Aside from removal of excess fluid what other roles does the lymphatic system have?

A

Controls concentration of proteins within fluids/volume of interstital fluid/interstitial fluid pressure

74
Q

What does the lymphatic systems ability to maintain negative interstital fluid pressure play a role in?

A

Holds tissues together by acting as a partial vacuum.

75
Q

Artery that supplies nutrients to the heart.

A

Cornary arteries

76
Q

Artery that supplies the anterior and left lateral portion of the left ventricle.

A

Left coronary artery

77
Q

Artery that supplies most of the right ventricle and posterior part of the left ventricle.

A

Right coronary artery

78
Q

Passage way by which coronary venous blood can return from the left ventricular muscle to the right atrium of the heart.

A

Coronary sinus

79
Q

Passage way by which coronary venous blood can return from the right ventricular muscle to the right atrium.

A

Anterior cardiac veins

80
Q

Passage way by which small amounts of coronary venous blood flows into all chmabers of the heart.

A

Thebesian veins

81
Q

In the left ventricle coronary blood flow during systole is [>/=] coronary blood flow during diastole.

A
82
Q

Artery found on outter surface of heart muscles, derived from epicardial arteries, supplies neeed nutrients.

A

Epicardial coronary arteries

83
Q

Arteries that lie beneath beneath endocardium.

A

Subendocardial arteries

84
Q

What is the primary control of coronary blood flow?

A

Local muscle metabolism

85
Q

What influences coronary blood flow?

A

Oxygen demand of the heart

86
Q

Direct effect of ANS on blood flow of heart.

A

Acetylcholine via vagus nerve and norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves via coronary vessels.

87
Q

Indirect effects of ANS on blood flow of heart.

A

Secondary changes in coronary blood flow due to an increase/decrease in activity of heart.

88
Q

What source of energy is used under resting conditions by the heart?

A

Fatty acid

89
Q

What causes ischemic heart disease?

A

Insufficient coronary blood flow

90
Q

Cholesterol build up in coronary arteries causing calcification which can block blood flow.

A

Atherosclerosis

91
Q

Athlerosclerosis plaque

A

Thrombus

92
Q

What permits coronary occulsion recovery?

A

Development of collateral channels between arteries

93
Q

When there is little to no blood flow to a muscle in the heart such that it cannot maintain cardiac muscle function.

A

Infacrtion

94
Q

Compression of heart due to blood flowing int pericardial cavity, right atrium will be unable to contract, and cardiac output will become insufficient.

A

Cardiac tamponade

COB - Physiology I (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions