Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

COB - Physiology I > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of adrenocortical hormones has an effect on the electrolytes of the ECF?

A

Mineralcorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What hormone is secreted in response to aniotensin II?

A

Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do the thyroid hormones increase cellular metabolic activity?

A

Increases the number and activity of the mitochondria and increases active transport of ions through cellular membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?

A

Has a maximum rate of diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is required for the formation of thyroxine?

A

Iodine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What effects does cortisol have on fat metabolism?

A

Mobilization of fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What effects does cortisol have on protein metabolism?

A

Reduces cellular protiens, increases liver and plasma protiens, and increases blood AA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What layer of the adrenal cortex is responsible for the secretion of cortisol and corticosterone?

A

Zona fasciculata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What enzyme is necessary for the synthesis of aldosterone?

A

Aldosterone synthase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the principle glucocorticoid hormone?

A

Cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of a phosphoprotein phosphatase?

A

Removes a phosphate group from a cellular protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When is positive feedback adventagous in the human body?

A

Blood clotting, child birth, and generation of nerve signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What group of hormones is seceted from the adrenal cortex and are all synthesized from cholesterol?

A

Corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What effect of high levels of cortisol is significant in medication?

A

Anti-inflammatory effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the principle mineralcorticoid hormone?

A

Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What effect does cortisol have on carbohydrate metabolism?

A

Stimulates gluconeogenesis and decreases glucose utilization by cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What organs assist in the removal of metabolic end products?

A

Lungs, kidneys, GI tract, and liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the secretory substance that fills the follicles of the thyroid gland?

A

Colloid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What layer of the adrenal cortex is responsible for the secretion of aldosterone?

A

Zona glomerulosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What term refers to the amount of pressure required to stop osmosis?

A

Osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is one of the main ways cortisol exhibits its anti-inflammatory effects?

A

Stabilizes lysosomal membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What organelles of the cell at the steroid products of the adrenal cortex synthesized?

A

Mitochondria and enoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why does cortisol have a relatively long half-life?

A

Cortisol binds to plasma proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipid substances?

A

Agranular/Smooth ER

25
Q

What measure determines the degree of effectiveness with whihc a control system maintains constant conditions?

A

Gain

26
Q

Where are adrenocortical hormones metabolized?

A

The liver

27
Q

What type of adrenocortical hormones increases the concentration of glucose in the body?

A

Glucocorticoids

28
Q

Term for the loose carbohydrate coat on the outside surface of a cell.

A

Glycocalyx

29
Q

What property of the thyroid gland is unusual in comparision to other endocrine glands?

A

Ability to store hormones

30
Q

What is the inner most layer of the adrenal cortex?

A

Zona reticularis

31
Q

Term for the cell body of a neuron/nerve cell.

A

Soma

32
Q

What are the thin projections from the soma that recieve information?

A

Dendrites

33
Q

What are the one or two processes that extend from the soma that pass on information?

A

Axons

34
Q

What is the first portion of axon and part of the soma where the axon joins? This is where electrical signals that will be conducted away from the soma along the axon are often inititated.

A

Initial segment/Trigger zone/Axon hillock

35
Q

Term for the branches of axons.

A

Collaterals

36
Q

Term for axon endings, responsible for transmitting signals from the neuron to the next cell.

A

Axon terminals

37
Q

What cells of the nervous system are not neurons that help support and nourish the neurons?

A

Glial cells/neuroglia

38
Q

What covers most axons and insulates their membranes making it more difficult for electrical signals to flow between the axon’s intracellular fluid and the ECF?

A

Myelin

39
Q

Term for the spaces between the myelin formings cells.

A

Nodes of Ranvier

40
Q

What causes an electrical signal to be generated in a sensory neuron in response to physical or chemical changes in the internal or external environment?

A

Receptors

41
Q

What chemical messenger is used at a synapse to transmit activity from one neuron to another?

A

Neurotransmitter

42
Q

What type of neuron lies in pathways between afferent and efferent neurons?

A

Interneurons

43
Q

What hormone functions as a catalyst for the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?

A

Renin

44
Q

What organ does growth hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary control the secretion of growth hormone from?

A

Liver

45
Q

What anterior pituitary hormones control the secretions of the ovaris and testes?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone and lutenizing hormone

46
Q

What anterior pituitary hormone does not control the secretion of some other hormone by a peripheral endocrine gland?

A

Prolactin

47
Q

What group of hormones is released by the liver in response to growth hormone?

A

Somatomedins

48
Q

What are some stimuli for the release of growth hormone?

A

Starvation/protein deficiency, low blood glucose or fatty acids, sleep, exercise, excitement, trauma

49
Q

What parts of the endocrien system do somatomedin exert long loop negative feedback on?

A

Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland

50
Q

Term for feedback when a hormone in the periheral endocrine gland is the source of feedback.

A

Long loop feedback

51
Q

Term for feedback when the anterior pituitary hormone inhibits the hypothalamus.

A

Short loop feedback

52
Q

What are some functions of tyroxine and triiodthyronine?

A

Facilitates body growth, maturation of the nervous system, assist in setting the rate at which the body metabolizes food

53
Q

What are the three types of input on an endocrine cell that can influence its secretory rate?

A

Neurotransmitter released by neuron, hormone, and ion or organic nutrient

54
Q

What is the major function of a hormone when its secretion is influenced by the plasma concentration of an ion or nutrient?

A

Regulation via negative feedback of the ECF level of that same ion or nutrient

55
Q

Where is oxytocin and ADH/vasopressin synthesized?

A

Hypothalamic neurons

56
Q

What causes the release of hypothalamic releasing hormones as well as hypothalamic inhibitory hormones?

A

Actional potenials in their axons

57
Q

Where is epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted from?

A

Adrenal medulla

58
Q

What endocrine gland is made up of nervous tissue?

A

Adrenal medulla

59
Q

What hormone of the posterior pituitary increases water reabsorption by the kidneys and causes vasoconstriction?

A

ADH or Vasopressin

COB - Physiology I (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions