Exam 3 - Reactions

Question 1

What is a nucleophile?

Answer 1

The electron rich species (anions, heteroatoms with lone pair electrons)

Question 2

What are catalysts?

Answer 2

• They are enzymes and cofactors that increase the rate of of reaction
• They can make a non-spontaneous reaction spontaneous

Question 3

What is an electrophile?

Answer 3

Electron poor species (carbocations, carbonyl groups)

Question 4

What occurs in an acid base reaction? What are the types?

Answer 4

Form a reactive species
Bronsted-Lowry: Proton donors (acids) and proton acceptors (bases)
Lewis: electron donors (bases) and electron acceptors

Question 5

What occurs in a nucleophilic substution reaction?

Answer 5

Addition of an electron rich species (nucleophile) to an electron poor species (electrophile)

Question 6

What occurs in an aromatic substitution?

Answer 6

substitution of a H on an aromatic ring with another group (not oxygen or nitrogen)

Question 7

What occurs in an acyl substitution?

Answer 7

Addition of a nuclephile to a carbonyl containing group, sulfonate, or phosphate group.

Question 8

What occurs in an elimination reaction?

Answer 8

A group is removed from the molecule, typically forming a double bond.

Question 9

What occurs in an addition reaction?

Answer 9

Adding a group to the molecule, typically forming an OH group.

Question 10

What occurs in a REDOX reaction?

Answer 10

Increase/decrease in the number of bonds to O,N or H. Oxidation and reduction reactions occur as a pair. If something is oxidized, something else is reduced.