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BIological Anthropology > Exam 3 Questions > Flashcards

Exam 3 Questions Flashcards

1
Q 
Flattening of the face with decreased size of teeth and jaws in combination with an enlargement in brain size best describes which of the following genus'?
• Australopithecus
• Homo
• Sahelanthropus
• Paranthropus
A

Homo

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2
Q 
Homo habilis is considered a member of our genus for which of the following reasons?
• Its modern body size
• Its advanced stone tool technology
• Its enlarging brain
• Its somewhat prognathic face
A

Its enlarging brain size

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3
Q 
This first finds ever of Homo erectus were made in \_\_\_\_ by the Dutch physician Eugene Dubois in 1891.
• Java
• Ethiopia
• Israel
• Kenya
A

Java

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4
Q 
A sloping of the sides of the skull toward the top is known as:
• The sagittal keel
• The torus
• The postorbital constriction
• Prognathism
A

The Sagittal keel

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5
Q 
Based on current available evidence, it appears that fully modern looking peope first appeared about \_\_\_\_ ya.
• 220,000
• 190,000
• 160,000
• 130,000
A

160,000

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6
Q

Evidence of gene flow between archaic and moderns would:
• Case doubt on both the MRE and the AR models
• Refute the MRE model and support the AR model
• Refute the AR model and support the MRE model
• Refute the Primart African Origin model

A

Refute the AR model and support the MRE model

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7
Q

Which of the following is part of the Multiregional Evolution model?
• There must be distinctions between our modern species and archaic humans that clearly distinguish ys as separate species
• Fossil transition between pre-modern and modern humans should occur only in the single region in which moderns evolved
• The physical features we associate with modern humans appeared everywhere but may have been manifested in different ways
• Neanderthals and Homo sapiens should be considered two separate species

A

The physical features we associate with modern humans appeared everywhere but may have been manifested in different ways

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8
Q

Which of the following is part of the African Replacement model?
• Modern looking Homo sapiens spread over the Old World from Africa, replacing archaic populations when they came into contact.
• The degree of species mobility resulted in sufficient gene flow to maintain a single species
• Homo sapiens arose in Africa as much as 2 mya
• Modern human traits do not define and distinguish a new species of hominins

A

Modern looking Homo sapiens spread over the Old World from Africa, replacing archaic populations when they came into contact.

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9
Q 
Which of the following skull characteristics is indicative of a modern human face?
• Prognathic profile
• An elongated skull
• A flat face
• Postorbital constriction
A

A flat face

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10
Q 
The making of tools by striking uniform flakes from a prepared core is called:
• Levallois technique
• Trephination
• Acheulean technique
• Endocast technique
A

Levallois technique

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11
Q

The Neanderthals’ adaptations to cold climates are thought to have included all of the following EXCEPT:
• Large sinus cavities
• Triangular bony projections in the nasal cavities
• Location of larynx high in the throat
• Tall stature

A

Tall stature

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12
Q 
Which of the following is associated only with modern homo sapiens?
• Art
• Fire
• Spear points
• Burial of the deat
A

Art

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13
Q 
The species within the genus Homo that is geographically widespread, with an average brain size of 1,300 ml, that has a reduced post-orbital constriction, but still retains a smaller brow ridge is called:
• Homo habilis
• Homo erectus
• Homo Heidelbergensis
• Homo sapiens
A

Homo heidelbergensis

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14
Q

No hard evidence links any hominin other than Homo with the manufacture of stone implements.

A

False

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15
Q

From the neck down, Homo erectus is essentially modern in appearance and size.

A

True

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16
Q

If the MRE model is incorrect, we should find clear evidence that modern Homo sapiens are a separate species from any of the so-called pre-modern groups.

A

False

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17
Q

Homo erectus lived only in Africa and Asia.

A

False

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18
Q

Africa is the least genetically diverse region than the rest of the world put together.

A

False

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19
Q

DNA evidence appears to support the AR model.

A

True

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20
Q

Many Neandertal features such as shorter limbs and large noses may have been cold adaptations.

A

True

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21
Q

The Mousterian tool technique was used primarily by Homo sapiens.

A

False

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22
Q

Homo antecessor was found a two sites in Atapuerca Spain and includes an incredibly modern looking partial face of an 11 year old boy.

A

True

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23
Q

Humans entered the New World only about 10,000 years ago.

A

False.

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24
Q 
An individual living in a warm/dry climate will show what type of physical adaptations to their environment?
• They will be stockier
• They will have a short, broad nose
• They will have a long, narrow nose
• They will have a smaller surface area
A

They will have a long, narrow nose

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25
Q 
The specialized skin cells melanocytes help protect the skin from:
• High altitude
• Temperature
• UV radiation
• Insect bites
A

UV radiation

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26
Q 
What is the most important factor for humans living in extreme environments?
• The ability to sweat
• Culture
• Different skin pigmentations
• Fire
A

Culture

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27
Q 
Which of the following populations shows an incredibly high frequency of lactase persistence?
• South Africans
• Northern Europeans
• Native Americans
• Melanesians
A

Northern Europeans

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28
Q 
Darker skinned people have
• More melanin production
• More melanocytes
• Fewer melanocytes
• Higher hemoglobin concentration
A

More melanin production

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29
Q 
The phenotypic trait involved in the AO blood system is the presence or absence of certain proteins called:
• Antibodies
• Melanocytes
• Single nucleotide polymorphisms
• Antigens
A

Antigens

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30
Q

Which blood type contains no antigens?

A

O

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31
Q

Which of the following is true of people with type O blood?
• Mosquitoes appear to be more attracted to them
• They appear to be more immune to stomach ulcers than the general population
• They appear to be at greater risk for bronchial pneumonia
• They are not able to serve as blood donors

A

Mosquitoes appear to be more attracted to them

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32
Q

Remnants of ancient viruses make up about ______ percent of the human genome?

A

1%

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33
Q

Which of the following is NOT an example of an epidemiological transition?
• The increase in infectious diseases as larger and denser concentrations of people provided the disease vectors with greater opportunity to be passed from host to host
• The shift to chronic, degenerative diseases, such as cancers, and heart and circulatory diseases, resulting from better public health measures and improved nutrition
• The evolution of light skin corresponding with the migration of people away from the equator
• The return of old diseases caused by the evolution of the microorganisms themselves

A

The evolution of light skin corresponding with the migration of people away from the equator

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34
Q 
Which of the following is not an emerging disease?
• HIV/AIDS
• Bubonic plague
• Ebola
• "Mad cow" or prion disease
A

Bubonic plague

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35
Q 
The least common cause of death in the US today among the following is:
• Infectious disease
• Cancer
• Heart disease
• Stroke
A

Infectious disease

36
Q

All humans, regardless of skin color, have the same number of melanocytes.

A

True

37
Q

Melanin protects humans from overheating.

A

False

38
Q

The most probable selective factor for dark skin is protection of folic acid.

A

True

39
Q

Populations in hot climates tend to have round bodies.

A

False

40
Q

Broad, flat noses are found in hot and/or moist climates.

A

True

41
Q

Blood type has been tentatively connected to certain diseases as a selective factor.

A

True

42
Q

Lactose tolerance into adulthood is found in populations with long histories of the use of dairy products.

A

True

43
Q

Infectious disease is a major cause of death in the US today.

A

False

44
Q

Emerging diseases are a problem now because of population expansion and more contact with disease carriers.

A

True

45
Q

The first epidemiological transition occurred around 10,000 ya when people began to settle in one area and produce food through agriculture.

A

True

46
Q 
Which of the following is a biological category?
• Race
• Gender
• Sex
• Religion
A

Sex

47
Q

Which of the following statements tends to be true in general?
• Males are more susceptible to disease than females
• Males hit puberty earlier than females
• Males recover more quickly from diseases than females
• Males are less likely to have vision problems than females

A

Males are more susceptible to diseases than females

48
Q

Gender is:
• A geographic continuum in the variation of a particular trait
• A biological category of a male or female
• The cultural categories and characteristics of men and women
• Based on genetics

A

The cultural categories and characteristics of men and women

49
Q

An estimated ___ percent of humans are intersexes, born with the characteristics of both sexes.

A

2%

50
Q 
Which of the following terms designates a third gender category recognized by the culture of Hindu India?
• Berdache
• Hirjas
• Rangifer tarandus
• Cline
A

Hirjas

51
Q

Populations of a species that are completely isolated from one another but have not yet become truly different species are:

A

Subspecies

52
Q

Around ____ percent of genetic variation exists between major population groups.

A

5

53
Q 
Culturally defined categories are considered
• Behavior taxonomies
• Biological taxonomies
• Cultural taxonomies
• Folk taxonomies
A

Folk taxonomies

54
Q

A combination of single linked nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) along a chromosome or stretch of DNA is a(n)

A

Haplotype

55
Q

Skin color can best be described by biology as being distributed by

A

Clines

56
Q 
Racial categories:
• Are the same in all cultures
• Have a solid biological basis
• No longer have meaning within our cultural system
• Are folk taxonomies
A

Are folk taxonomies

57
Q

Restricting marriage to members of the same culturally defined group is called:

A

Endogamy

58
Q

Translating a complex set of phenomena into a single entity such as a number is

A

Reification

59
Q

The relationship between race and IQ is

A

Based on cultural categories and factors

60
Q

Gender refers to the cultural definitions of men and women.

A

True

61
Q

Humans do not exhibit sexual dimorphism.

A

False

62
Q

Biological sex does not consist of only male and female but other genetic variations of X and Y.

A

True

63
Q

Biologists generally agree that most species can be subdivided into subspecies or races.

A

False

64
Q

Human phenotypic variation is generally distributed as clines.

A

True

65
Q

Humans are approximately 99.9% genetically identical at the base-pair level.

A

True

66
Q

Human genetic diversity supports the existence of definable human biological races.

A

False

67
Q

Race is an example of a folk taxonomy.

A

True

68
Q

The races that are typically identified in the US originated out of historical European attitudes during the Age of Exploration.

A

True

69
Q

There are biologically based differences between the races in IQ and athletic ability.

A

False

70
Q

Which field of anthropology works at crime scenes to identify bones?

A

Forensics

71
Q

How old is the body of the “Ice Man?”

A

5,000 years old

72
Q

The “Ice Man” potentially dies from:

A

An arrow wound

73
Q

Mitochondrial DNA analyses indicates that the Ice Man was of _____ descent.

A

European

74
Q

Which of the following has been determined to be a natural biological phenomena for humans that anthropologists concluded from our past?
• The ability to write
• The afternoon nap
• The chronic illnesses we suffer from are due to our past environment
• The changes in our diet were necessary for our survival in the present

A

The afternoon nap

75
Q

Forensic anthropologist Clyde Snow has done all of the following EXCEPT:
• Identified a skeleton found in Brazil as that of Nazi war criminal Josef Mengele
• Examined and tried to identify the remains of some of the more than 10,000 people who “disappeared” during the military rule in Argentina
• Helped identify the skeletal remains of the assassinated Russian Tsar Nicholas II and his family
• Searched in Bolivia for the remains of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance kid

A

Helped identify the skeletal remains of the assassinated Russian Tsar Nicholas II and his family

76
Q

A possible explanation for the relatively low incidence of sudden infant death syndrome in Japan is that

A

Parents normally sleep with their infants in Japan

77
Q 
Studies suggest that our Stone Age ancestors did which of the following?
• They ate more red meat
• They drank more alcohol
• They are less fiber
• They are primarily vegetation
A

They ate more red meat

78
Q

Biological anthropology can inform our responses to global warming by:

A

Helping to predict what ramifications changes in energy use, consumption, waste disposal, and transportation habits will have on cultural systems

79
Q

According to Michael Park, a possible barrier for a job-seeker with a BA in bioanthropology is that:

A

Many people have little understanding of what bioanthropology is.

80
Q

The skills anthropologists use to retrieve information from ancient skeletons have also proved useful in retrieving information from more modern ones.

A

True

81
Q

The “Ice Man” of the Alps died from a degenerative disease.

A

False

82
Q

The “Ice Man” of the Alps died about 5,000 years ago.

A

True

83
Q

Approximate age can be determined from a skull by looking at the epiphyses at the proximal femur.

A

False

84
Q

According to anthropological research, it has been suggested that babies who sleep with their parents have less of a chance of dying from SIDS than babies who sleep alone.

A

True

85
Q

Biological anthropologists can only work in university settings.

A

False

86
Q

Biological anthropologists have discovered that some of our cultural adaptations may be out of step with our biological ones.

A

True

87
Q

Hunting and gathering societies are more prone than industrial societies to cancer and heart disease.

A

False

BIological Anthropology (7 decks)

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