Exam 3 Questions Flashcards
Flattening of the face with decreased size of teeth and jaws in combination with an enlargement in brain size best describes which of the following genus'? • Australopithecus • Homo • Sahelanthropus • Paranthropus
Homo
Homo habilis is considered a member of our genus for which of the following reasons? • Its modern body size • Its advanced stone tool technology • Its enlarging brain • Its somewhat prognathic face
Its enlarging brain size
This first finds ever of Homo erectus were made in \_\_\_\_ by the Dutch physician Eugene Dubois in 1891. • Java • Ethiopia • Israel • Kenya
Java
A sloping of the sides of the skull toward the top is known as: • The sagittal keel • The torus • The postorbital constriction • Prognathism
The Sagittal keel
Based on current available evidence, it appears that fully modern looking peope first appeared about \_\_\_\_ ya. • 220,000 • 190,000 • 160,000 • 130,000
160,000
Evidence of gene flow between archaic and moderns would:
• Case doubt on both the MRE and the AR models
• Refute the MRE model and support the AR model
• Refute the AR model and support the MRE model
• Refute the Primart African Origin model
Refute the AR model and support the MRE model
Which of the following is part of the Multiregional Evolution model?
• There must be distinctions between our modern species and archaic humans that clearly distinguish ys as separate species
• Fossil transition between pre-modern and modern humans should occur only in the single region in which moderns evolved
• The physical features we associate with modern humans appeared everywhere but may have been manifested in different ways
• Neanderthals and Homo sapiens should be considered two separate species
The physical features we associate with modern humans appeared everywhere but may have been manifested in different ways
Which of the following is part of the African Replacement model?
• Modern looking Homo sapiens spread over the Old World from Africa, replacing archaic populations when they came into contact.
• The degree of species mobility resulted in sufficient gene flow to maintain a single species
• Homo sapiens arose in Africa as much as 2 mya
• Modern human traits do not define and distinguish a new species of hominins
Modern looking Homo sapiens spread over the Old World from Africa, replacing archaic populations when they came into contact.
Which of the following skull characteristics is indicative of a modern human face? • Prognathic profile • An elongated skull • A flat face • Postorbital constriction
A flat face
The making of tools by striking uniform flakes from a prepared core is called: • Levallois technique • Trephination • Acheulean technique • Endocast technique
Levallois technique
The Neanderthals’ adaptations to cold climates are thought to have included all of the following EXCEPT:
• Large sinus cavities
• Triangular bony projections in the nasal cavities
• Location of larynx high in the throat
• Tall stature
Tall stature
Which of the following is associated only with modern homo sapiens? • Art • Fire • Spear points • Burial of the deat
Art
The species within the genus Homo that is geographically widespread, with an average brain size of 1,300 ml, that has a reduced post-orbital constriction, but still retains a smaller brow ridge is called: • Homo habilis • Homo erectus • Homo Heidelbergensis • Homo sapiens
Homo heidelbergensis
No hard evidence links any hominin other than Homo with the manufacture of stone implements.
False
From the neck down, Homo erectus is essentially modern in appearance and size.
True
If the MRE model is incorrect, we should find clear evidence that modern Homo sapiens are a separate species from any of the so-called pre-modern groups.
False
Homo erectus lived only in Africa and Asia.
False
Africa is the least genetically diverse region than the rest of the world put together.
False
DNA evidence appears to support the AR model.
True
Many Neandertal features such as shorter limbs and large noses may have been cold adaptations.
True
The Mousterian tool technique was used primarily by Homo sapiens.
False
Homo antecessor was found a two sites in Atapuerca Spain and includes an incredibly modern looking partial face of an 11 year old boy.
True
Humans entered the New World only about 10,000 years ago.
False.
An individual living in a warm/dry climate will show what type of physical adaptations to their environment? • They will be stockier • They will have a short, broad nose • They will have a long, narrow nose • They will have a smaller surface area
They will have a long, narrow nose
The specialized skin cells melanocytes help protect the skin from: • High altitude • Temperature • UV radiation • Insect bites
UV radiation
What is the most important factor for humans living in extreme environments? • The ability to sweat • Culture • Different skin pigmentations • Fire
Culture
Which of the following populations shows an incredibly high frequency of lactase persistence? • South Africans • Northern Europeans • Native Americans • Melanesians
Northern Europeans
Darker skinned people have • More melanin production • More melanocytes • Fewer melanocytes • Higher hemoglobin concentration
More melanin production
The phenotypic trait involved in the AO blood system is the presence or absence of certain proteins called: • Antibodies • Melanocytes • Single nucleotide polymorphisms • Antigens
Antigens
Which blood type contains no antigens?
O
Which of the following is true of people with type O blood?
• Mosquitoes appear to be more attracted to them
• They appear to be more immune to stomach ulcers than the general population
• They appear to be at greater risk for bronchial pneumonia
• They are not able to serve as blood donors
Mosquitoes appear to be more attracted to them
Remnants of ancient viruses make up about ______ percent of the human genome?
1%
Which of the following is NOT an example of an epidemiological transition?
• The increase in infectious diseases as larger and denser concentrations of people provided the disease vectors with greater opportunity to be passed from host to host
• The shift to chronic, degenerative diseases, such as cancers, and heart and circulatory diseases, resulting from better public health measures and improved nutrition
• The evolution of light skin corresponding with the migration of people away from the equator
• The return of old diseases caused by the evolution of the microorganisms themselves
The evolution of light skin corresponding with the migration of people away from the equator
Which of the following is not an emerging disease? • HIV/AIDS • Bubonic plague • Ebola • "Mad cow" or prion disease
Bubonic plague
The least common cause of death in the US today among the following is: • Infectious disease • Cancer • Heart disease • Stroke
Infectious disease
All humans, regardless of skin color, have the same number of melanocytes.
True
Melanin protects humans from overheating.
False
The most probable selective factor for dark skin is protection of folic acid.
True
Populations in hot climates tend to have round bodies.
False
Broad, flat noses are found in hot and/or moist climates.
True
Blood type has been tentatively connected to certain diseases as a selective factor.
True
Lactose tolerance into adulthood is found in populations with long histories of the use of dairy products.
True
Infectious disease is a major cause of death in the US today.
False
Emerging diseases are a problem now because of population expansion and more contact with disease carriers.
True
The first epidemiological transition occurred around 10,000 ya when people began to settle in one area and produce food through agriculture.
True
Which of the following is a biological category? • Race • Gender • Sex • Religion
Sex
Which of the following statements tends to be true in general?
• Males are more susceptible to disease than females
• Males hit puberty earlier than females
• Males recover more quickly from diseases than females
• Males are less likely to have vision problems than females
Males are more susceptible to diseases than females
Gender is:
• A geographic continuum in the variation of a particular trait
• A biological category of a male or female
• The cultural categories and characteristics of men and women
• Based on genetics
The cultural categories and characteristics of men and women
An estimated ___ percent of humans are intersexes, born with the characteristics of both sexes.
2%
Which of the following terms designates a third gender category recognized by the culture of Hindu India? • Berdache • Hirjas • Rangifer tarandus • Cline
Hirjas
Populations of a species that are completely isolated from one another but have not yet become truly different species are:
Subspecies
Around ____ percent of genetic variation exists between major population groups.
5
Culturally defined categories are considered • Behavior taxonomies • Biological taxonomies • Cultural taxonomies • Folk taxonomies
Folk taxonomies
A combination of single linked nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) along a chromosome or stretch of DNA is a(n)
Haplotype
Skin color can best be described by biology as being distributed by
Clines
Racial categories: • Are the same in all cultures • Have a solid biological basis • No longer have meaning within our cultural system • Are folk taxonomies
Are folk taxonomies
Restricting marriage to members of the same culturally defined group is called:
Endogamy
Translating a complex set of phenomena into a single entity such as a number is
Reification
The relationship between race and IQ is
Based on cultural categories and factors
Gender refers to the cultural definitions of men and women.
True
Humans do not exhibit sexual dimorphism.
False
Biological sex does not consist of only male and female but other genetic variations of X and Y.
True
Biologists generally agree that most species can be subdivided into subspecies or races.
False
Human phenotypic variation is generally distributed as clines.
True
Humans are approximately 99.9% genetically identical at the base-pair level.
True
Human genetic diversity supports the existence of definable human biological races.
False
Race is an example of a folk taxonomy.
True
The races that are typically identified in the US originated out of historical European attitudes during the Age of Exploration.
True
There are biologically based differences between the races in IQ and athletic ability.
False
Which field of anthropology works at crime scenes to identify bones?
Forensics
How old is the body of the “Ice Man?”
5,000 years old
The “Ice Man” potentially dies from:
An arrow wound
Mitochondrial DNA analyses indicates that the Ice Man was of _____ descent.
European
Which of the following has been determined to be a natural biological phenomena for humans that anthropologists concluded from our past?
• The ability to write
• The afternoon nap
• The chronic illnesses we suffer from are due to our past environment
• The changes in our diet were necessary for our survival in the present
The afternoon nap
Forensic anthropologist Clyde Snow has done all of the following EXCEPT:
• Identified a skeleton found in Brazil as that of Nazi war criminal Josef Mengele
• Examined and tried to identify the remains of some of the more than 10,000 people who “disappeared” during the military rule in Argentina
• Helped identify the skeletal remains of the assassinated Russian Tsar Nicholas II and his family
• Searched in Bolivia for the remains of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance kid
Helped identify the skeletal remains of the assassinated Russian Tsar Nicholas II and his family
A possible explanation for the relatively low incidence of sudden infant death syndrome in Japan is that
Parents normally sleep with their infants in Japan
Studies suggest that our Stone Age ancestors did which of the following? • They ate more red meat • They drank more alcohol • They are less fiber • They are primarily vegetation
They ate more red meat
Biological anthropology can inform our responses to global warming by:
Helping to predict what ramifications changes in energy use, consumption, waste disposal, and transportation habits will have on cultural systems
According to Michael Park, a possible barrier for a job-seeker with a BA in bioanthropology is that:
Many people have little understanding of what bioanthropology is.
The skills anthropologists use to retrieve information from ancient skeletons have also proved useful in retrieving information from more modern ones.
True
The “Ice Man” of the Alps died from a degenerative disease.
False
The “Ice Man” of the Alps died about 5,000 years ago.
True
Approximate age can be determined from a skull by looking at the epiphyses at the proximal femur.
False
According to anthropological research, it has been suggested that babies who sleep with their parents have less of a chance of dying from SIDS than babies who sleep alone.
True
Biological anthropologists can only work in university settings.
False
Biological anthropologists have discovered that some of our cultural adaptations may be out of step with our biological ones.
True
Hunting and gathering societies are more prone than industrial societies to cancer and heart disease.
False
