Ch. 2 Questions

Question 1

The most accepted definition of evolution is

Answer 1

The idea that species change over time and give rise to other species

Question 2

Greek philosopher Anaximander proposed that humans had arisen from

Answer 2

Fish

Question 3

In what year did Irish archbishop James Ussher calculate the earth was created?

Answer 3

4004 B.C.

Question 4

What important aspect of nature did Darwin recognize that the others both before and after him did not fully appreciate or incorporate into their research?

Answer 4

There is an incredible degree of variation that existed within living species

Question 5

What scientist is credited with recognizing the appearance of plant and animal fossils as the remains of creatures that had become extinct or that existed in different form?

Answer 5

Robert Hooke

Question 6

A catastrophist believes that

Answer 6

The history of the earth is explained by a series of global calamities

Question 7

Who is accredited with the idea of acquired characteristics?

Answer 7

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

Question 8

Comte de Buffon believed that the history of the earth, as seen in its strata, could be explained by everyday processes such as erosion and deposition of sediments in water occurring repeatedly without interruption. This idea is also known as

Answer 8

Uniformitarianism

Question 9

Which scientist, nicknamed “Strata,” produced the first geological map?

Answer 9

William Smith

Question 10

Which of the following views associated with uniformitarianism is NOT accepted by modern science?

Answer 10

Changes in the overall appearance of the earth are relatively minor and occur in great cycles

Question 11

Who influenced Charles Darwin’s ideas on the relationship between populations and their resources?

Answer 11

Thomas Malthus

Question 12

What is most significant about the work of Hooke, Steno, Hutton, Smith, and Lyell?

Answer 12

They brought the study of the earth into the realm of the natural, rather than the supernatural

Question 13

Who devised the system of scientific names still used today to classify living things?

Answer 13

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 14

According to Darwin, which individuals would have a better chance of reproductive success?

Answer 14

Those individuals that are better adapted

Question 15

What percentage of all species that have ever lived is now extinct?

Answer 15

90 percent or more

Question 16

Charles Darwin alone without influence came up with the theory of evolution

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Gregor Mendel derived the basic laws of genetics using his research on pea plants in the 1800’s

Answer 17

True

Question 18

According to Robert Hooke, Noah’s flood was caused by earthquakes

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Stratigraphy is the study of the earth’s strata in which the lower layers represent of older material while higher layers represent younger material.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Charles Lyell, a proponent of the idea of uniformitarianism, believed that some day the dinosaurs would reappear

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Evolution by natural selection has no particular direction towards a perfect form

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Alfred Russell Wallace came up with the idea of natural selection independent of Darwin

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Darwin fully understood the processes of genetics

Answer 23

False

Question 24

The term genotype refers to

Answer 24

The alleles possessed by an organism

Question 25

Evolution takes place within

Answer 25

Populations

Question 26

If we see change in the allele frequencies in a population over time

Answer 26

We know that some or all of the processes of evolution are affecting the population

Question 27

Protein Synthesis

Answer 27

DNA has the recipe for making proteins, a DNA sequence determines what protein is produced

Question 28

Sickle cell exists in high frequencies in certain populations, this can best be explained by

Answer 28

Natural selection; in malarial environments, individuals who are heterozygous for sickle cell are fitter

Question 29

Indiana Jones visits the Yanomamo and after testing them finds that only 3 individuals in the small village of people have blood type A. His great granddaughter, Elsie Jones returns after two generations and finds that no one in the village has blood type A any longer. Which process of evolution is likely the cause for these changes?

Answer 29

Gene drift

Question 30

Gene drift is significant in

Answer 30

Small populations because of their small size

Question 31

What is not true of polygenic traits?

Answer 31

They are simple, Mendelian traits

Question 32

Mutations are

Answer 32

The only source of completely new genetic variation

Question 33

The allele that causes an altered form of hemoglobin (Hb) occurs in all human populations as a result of mutation. In some populations, this allele has increased in frequency because it confers some resistance to malaria. Which process of evolution is likely responsible for the change?

Answer 33

Natural selection

Question 34

Bottleneck

Answer 34

Occurs when there is a severe reduction in the size of a population

Question 35

Ear was is a monogenic trait and there are two possible alleles. There is an allele for West, dry, sticky ear wax and an allele for dry, gray, flaky earwax. Wet ear wax is dominant and dry ear wax is recessive. If an individual has one recessive allele and one dominant allele

Answer 35

They are heterozygous for this trait