Ch. 2 Questions Flashcards
The most accepted definition of evolution is
The idea that species change over time and give rise to other species
Greek philosopher Anaximander proposed that humans had arisen from
Fish
In what year did Irish archbishop James Ussher calculate the earth was created?
4004 B.C.
What important aspect of nature did Darwin recognize that the others both before and after him did not fully appreciate or incorporate into their research?
There is an incredible degree of variation that existed within living species
What scientist is credited with recognizing the appearance of plant and animal fossils as the remains of creatures that had become extinct or that existed in different form?
Robert Hooke
A catastrophist believes that
The history of the earth is explained by a series of global calamities
Who is accredited with the idea of acquired characteristics?
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck
Comte de Buffon believed that the history of the earth, as seen in its strata, could be explained by everyday processes such as erosion and deposition of sediments in water occurring repeatedly without interruption. This idea is also known as
Uniformitarianism
Which scientist, nicknamed “Strata,” produced the first geological map?
William Smith
Which of the following views associated with uniformitarianism is NOT accepted by modern science?
Changes in the overall appearance of the earth are relatively minor and occur in great cycles
Who influenced Charles Darwin’s ideas on the relationship between populations and their resources?
Thomas Malthus
What is most significant about the work of Hooke, Steno, Hutton, Smith, and Lyell?
They brought the study of the earth into the realm of the natural, rather than the supernatural
Who devised the system of scientific names still used today to classify living things?
Carolus Linnaeus
According to Darwin, which individuals would have a better chance of reproductive success?
Those individuals that are better adapted
What percentage of all species that have ever lived is now extinct?
90 percent or more
Charles Darwin alone without influence came up with the theory of evolution
False
Gregor Mendel derived the basic laws of genetics using his research on pea plants in the 1800’s
True
According to Robert Hooke, Noah’s flood was caused by earthquakes
True
Stratigraphy is the study of the earth’s strata in which the lower layers represent of older material while higher layers represent younger material.
True
Charles Lyell, a proponent of the idea of uniformitarianism, believed that some day the dinosaurs would reappear
True
Evolution by natural selection has no particular direction towards a perfect form
True
Alfred Russell Wallace came up with the idea of natural selection independent of Darwin
True
Darwin fully understood the processes of genetics
False
The term genotype refers to
The alleles possessed by an organism
Evolution takes place within
Populations
If we see change in the allele frequencies in a population over time
We know that some or all of the processes of evolution are affecting the population
Protein Synthesis
DNA has the recipe for making proteins, a DNA sequence determines what protein is produced
Sickle cell exists in high frequencies in certain populations, this can best be explained by
Natural selection; in malarial environments, individuals who are heterozygous for sickle cell are fitter
Indiana Jones visits the Yanomamo and after testing them finds that only 3 individuals in the small village of people have blood type A. His great granddaughter, Elsie Jones returns after two generations and finds that no one in the village has blood type A any longer. Which process of evolution is likely the cause for these changes?
Gene drift
Gene drift is significant in
Small populations because of their small size
What is not true of polygenic traits?
They are simple, Mendelian traits
Mutations are
The only source of completely new genetic variation
The allele that causes an altered form of hemoglobin (Hb) occurs in all human populations as a result of mutation. In some populations, this allele has increased in frequency because it confers some resistance to malaria. Which process of evolution is likely responsible for the change?
Natural selection
Bottleneck
Occurs when there is a severe reduction in the size of a population
Ear was is a monogenic trait and there are two possible alleles. There is an allele for West, dry, sticky ear wax and an allele for dry, gray, flaky earwax. Wet ear wax is dominant and dry ear wax is recessive. If an individual has one recessive allele and one dominant allele
They are heterozygous for this trait
