Ch. 1

Question 1

Anthropology

Answer 1

The biological study of the human species. Anthropology includes the study of human biology, human physical evolution, human cultural evolution, and human adaptation

Question 2

Applied Anthropology

Answer 2

Anthropology used to address current practical problems and concerns

Question 3

Archeology

Answer 3

A subfield of anthropology that studies the human cultural past and the reconstruction of past cultural systems

Question 4

Belief Systems

Answer 4

Ideas that are taken on faith and cannot be scientifically tested. Examples are religions, philosophers, and ethical and moral beliefs. Compare with scientific method.

Question 5

Bioanthropology

Answer 5

Another name for biological anthropology

Question 6

Biocultural

Answer 6

Focusing on the interaction of biology and culture

Question 7

Biological Anthropology

Answer 7

A subfield of anthropology that studies as a biocultural species

Question 8

Cultural Anthropology

Answer 8

A subfield of Anthropology that focuses on human cultural behavior and cultural systems and the variation in cultural expression among human groups

Question 9

Culture

Answer 9

Ideas and behaviors that are learned and shared. Also, the system is made up of the sum total of these ideas and behaviors that is unique to a particular society. Nonbiological means of adaptation

Question 10

Deduction

Answer 10

Suggesting specific data that would be found if a hypothesis were true, a step in the scientific method of involving the testing of hypotheses.

Question 11

Forensic Anthropologist

Answer 11

A scientist who applies anthropology to legal matters, usually in the form of identifying skeletal remains and assessing the time and cause of death

Question 12

Holistic

Answer 12

Assuming an interrelationship among the parts of a subject. Anthropology is a holistic discipline.

Question 13

Human Ecology

Answer 13

A specialty of anthropology that studies the relationships between humans and their environments.

Question 14

Hunter-gatherers

Answer 14

Societies that rely on naturally occurring sources of food. They have no domestic plants or animals except, perhaps, dogs.

Question 15

Hypotheses

Answer 15

Educated guesses to explain natural phenomena. In the scientific method, hypotheses must be testable.

Question 16

Induction

Answer 16

Developing a general explanation from specific observations. The step in the scientific method that generates hypotheses.

Question 17

Linguistic Anthropology

Answer 17

A subfield of anthropology that studies language as a human characteristic and attempts to explain the differences among languages and the relationship between a language and the society that uses it.

Question 18

Osteology

Answer 18

The study of structure, function, and evolution of the skeleton

Question 19

Paleoanthropology

Answer 19

A specialty that studies the human fossil record

Question 20

Physical Anthropology

Answer 20

The traditional name for biological anthropology

Question 21

Primates

Answer 21

Large-brained, mostly tree-dwelling mammals with three-dimensional color vision and grasping hands. Humans are primates.

Question 22

Primatology

Answer 22

A specialty of anthropology that studies nonhuman primates

Question 23

Science

Answer 23

The method of inquiry that requires the generation, testing, and acceptance or rejection of hypotheses

Question 24

Scientific Method

Answer 24

The process of conducting scientific inquiry

Question 25

Species

Answer 25

A group of organisms that can produce fertile offspring among themselves but not with members of other groups. A closed genetic population, usually physically distinguishable from other populations.

Question 26

Theory

Answer 26

A well-supported general idea that explains a large set of factual patterns. In science, theory is a positive term.