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BIological Anthropology > Exam 2 Questions > Flashcards

Exam 2 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

The taxonomic system of naming organisms was created by

A

Linnaeus

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2
Q

In a phenetic taxonomy, humans are in the Family of Hominidae because

A

They are habitual bipeds

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3
Q

What two species share the genus Pan?

A

Chimpanzees and Bonobos

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4
Q

Which of the following is a classification system based on order of evolutionary branching?

A

Cladistics

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5
Q

The most primitive primates that have a moist naked outer nose are called

A

Prosimians

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6
Q

Most primates share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

A

Relatively short periods of postnatal dependency

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7
Q

Of all land mammals, the primates have the largest relative

A

Brains

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8
Q

Which of the following primates is least social?

Humans, Bonobos, Gorillas, or Orangutans

A

Orangutans

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9
Q

The suborder Anthropoidea includes all of the following except…
(Lemurs, Monkeys, Apes, Humans)

A

Lemurs

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10
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the four species collectively known as the great apes?
(Orangutans, Chimpanzees, Baboons, Bonobos)

A

Baboons

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11
Q

The primate that has a flat face, no prehensile feet but the most dextrous hands are called

A

Humans

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12
Q

Which primate has the longest period of postnatal dependency?

A

Humans

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13
Q

Humans experience estrus when they are most fertile.

A

False

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14
Q

Phenetic classification is based on the order of evolutionary branching.

A

False

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15
Q

True depth perception is also called stereoscopic vision which is an evolutionary adaptation to living in the trees.

A

True

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16
Q

The Old World catarrhine primates consist of monkeys, apes, and humans

A

True

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17
Q

The notochord is the evolutionary precursor to the vertebral column

A

True

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18
Q

Traits that allow members of the superfamily Hominidea to climb and hang from branches include a flexible shoulder joint and a stronger collar bone.

A

True

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19
Q

Primates do not have highly developed senses of auditory and olfactory senses as other animals.

A

True

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20
Q

Bipedalism is a trait common to almost all primates.

A

False

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21
Q

New World and Old World monkeys are distinguished by their nostrils.

A

True

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22
Q

The human primate has the largest brain absolutely and relatively.

A

True

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23
Q

Shared derived characteristics are also known as

A

Homologies

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24
Q 
Which of the following would be considered the most dominant in a baboon social hierarchy?
• A large aggressive adult male
• A large aggressive adult female
• The most fertile female
• The male with the most offspring
A

A large aggressive male

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25
Q

Which of the following primates has been seen to hunt cooperatively and kill small pigs, antelopes, and monkeys?
(Baboons, Chimpanzees, Gorillas, Bonobos)

A

Chimpanzees

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26
Q

Which of the following primates has been seen to use sex as a means of social group cohesion?
(Baboons, Orangutans, Bonobos, Chimpanzees)

A

Bonobos

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27
Q

Ethology is the study of animals…

A

Under natural conditions

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28
Q

Baboon groups range in size from…

A

20 to 200 individuals

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29
Q 
Which of the following is a real example of tool usage among primates?
• Termite sticks
• Stone tools
• Leaves as rain hats
• All of the above
A

All

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30
Q

Much of that we know about chimp behavior comes from the studies of

A

Jane Goodall

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31
Q

Scientists have observed all of the following chimp behavior except…
• Rudimentary attempts at writing
• Males attacking and killing other chimps
• Social interactions such as kissing, hugging, and bowing
• Males helping their brothers in competitions for dominance

A

Rudimentary attempts at writing

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32
Q 
Bonobos...
• Often hunt together
• Walk upright more often than chimps
• Use tools but not to acquire food
• Are more war-like than chimps
A

Use tools but not to acquire food

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33
Q

Bonobos are found…

A

In the Congo

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34
Q

Human behavior is the result of mostly genetics with little to no modifications from culture.

A

False

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35
Q

The behavior of Baboons hints that early human behavior was characterized by social cooperation and organization.

36
Q

Chimps and Bonobos are out best analogies to himan behavior because they are our closest primate relatives.

37
Q

Chimpanzee society is marked by cooperation and mutual concern, which is seen mostly within the family unit of siblings.

38
Q

Fruit is the one food that chimps will share.

39
Q

Group cooperative behavior is an example of a homology between humans and chimpanzees.

40
Q

Bonobo society is more peaceful than that of chimpanzees.

41
Q

Bonobos exhibit sexual behavior only when a female can conceive an offspring.

42
Q

Physical differences between the sexes of a species, not related to reproductive features, are referred to as

A

Sexual dimorphism

43
Q

Besides the pelvis, which of the following is the best feature for identifying the sex of a human skeleton?

44
Q

Humans, as a species, are labeled ______ with respect to their diet.

45
Q

The study of disease and nutritional deficiency in prehistoric populations is called

A

Paleopathology

46
Q

If something turns to stone, it is said to be

47
Q

The deeper a layer of strata is the older it is defines the idea of

A

Superposition

48
Q

Biostratigraphy

A

A dating method that indicates the age of one item in comparison to another

49
Q

Radiocarbon dating can establish the age of fossils back to about

A

50,000 years

50
Q

Which of the following is NOT a condition conducive to the preservation of organic remains?
• Extreme dryness
• Cold and dry conditions at high altitudes
• Lack of oxygen around the remains
• Heavy accumulation of fallen leaves each autumn

A

Heavy accumulation of fallen leaves each autumn

51
Q

In the 1960’s, researchers Vincent Sarich and Alan Wilson calculated that chimps and himans branched a mere ______, much more recently than was previously thought.

52
Q

A fossil is considered scientifically useless unless it has a known provenance.

53
Q

Age of death can be determined from skeletal remains.

54
Q

Trephination is a surgical procedure that involves cutting a hole in the skull.

55
Q

The dating method that indicates the age of one item in comparison to another is called absolute dating technique.

56
Q

Radiocarbon dating is an example of relative dating technique

57
Q

Potassium-argon dates organic remains to about 50,000 years.

58
Q

The study of how a fossil becomes part of the paleontological record is called taphonomy

59
Q

It is common for a living creature to become fossilized upon death.

60
Q

Humans and chimpanzees are more than 98% identical at the nucleotide level

61
Q

Due to a mutation humans have a reduction in muscle fibers and some of the jaw muscles compared to other primates.

62
Q

About when do undisputed primates appear in the fossil record?

63
Q

An important evolutionary shift that marked the origin of the anthropoids included what change?

A

Less leaping and more climbing through the trees with all fours

64
Q

The biggest primate ever, Gigantopithecus, is estimated to have stood

A

10 to 12 feet tall

65
Q

Starting around ______, we find more fossils of ground dweling, open-country apes whose larger back teeth with thicker enamel point to an increased mixed vegetable diet that included harder foods such as nuts.

66
Q

The “Taung baby” looks like a young ape except for a couple of important differences. One of those differences is

A

The location of the foramen magnum

67
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a potential adaptive reason for bipedalism?

A

It takes more metabolic energy to run somewhere than to walk

68
Q

Which of the following genera is NOT extinct?

69
Q

The sagittal crest is

A

A ridge bone, running from back to front along the top of the skull

70
Q

The purpose of the sagittal crest

A

Muscles attach to it to aid in chewing

71
Q

The ape like trait of the jutting forward of the lower face and jaws is called

A

Prognathism

72
Q

Savanna adapted early hominins are classified in genus

A

Paranthropus

73
Q

What is robust about the so called robust early hominins?

A

Chewing areas

74
Q

Orrorin is thought by some to be a hominin because of its

A

Bipedalism

75
Q

Competitive exclusion is

A

When one species competes with others for the resources of a particular area and wins

76
Q

Aegyptipithecus existed 34 mya in the Fayum region of what is today Egypt.

77
Q

One theory about the evolution of New World monkeys is that they originated in South America.

78
Q

Early species of hominid lived in ecotones that were a mix of forest and open areas

79
Q

The skeleton known as “Lucy” is one of the species Australopithecus afarensis

80
Q

According to the author, bipedalism evolved only once and only in the evolutionary chain leading to Homo sapiens.

81
Q

Genus Paranthropus is characterized by robust chewing muscles and teeth with a chimp-sized brain

82
Q

Salehanthropus tchadensis was found in the Sahel region of Africa and is thought to have a mosaic of ape and hominid characteristics.

83
Q

All the species of the genus Australopithecine are known to walk bipedally and make stone tools.

84
Q

According to the author, some of the early hominin fossils may have been bipedal apes

85
Q

Ardipithecus ramidus supports the idea that bipedalism evolved first on the savannah

BIological Anthropology (7 decks)

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