Exam 3 - PNF

Question 1

Manual Contacts - tactile stim

Answer 1

• motor responses influenced by stim of skin receptors
• use a lumbrical grip
• motor response enhanced by proper contact
• give security

Question 2

Traction - joint receptors

Answer 2

• manual distraction of joint
• promotes movement
• mm in lengthened range are on stretch and respond with more force
• helps dec pain

Question 3

Contraindication for traction

Answer 3

inc pain
ligamentous injury
unstable joint

Question 4

Approximation

Answer 4

• manual compression of joint
• promotes stability
• wt bearing, pushing, CKC activities

Question 5

Contraindications of approximation

Answer 5

• increased pain
• fracture
• joint replacements
• inflammatory conditions

Question 6

Appropriate facilitation

Answer 6

• amount of resistance that demands max effort from pt while maintaining the intention of the exercise
• Isotonic = for movement
• isometric = for stability
• for muscle re-ed

Question 7

Irradiation/overflow

Answer 7

• Strong muscle contraction results in spread of stim to synergistic mm groups and movement patterns
• goal directed
• for facilitation or inhibition
• for specific groups or movement patterns

Question 8

Contraindications for irradiation/overflow

Answer 8

increase pain
fracture
valsalva
tendon surgery
muscle flaps
anywhere resistance is not appropriate

Question 9

Stretch reflex

Answer 9

• manual fire muscle spindles to initiate and/or enhance muscle response. **Must be followed up with some form of resistance/facilitation or inhibition will occur
• Elicits contraction in paralyzed muscle **
• initiate voluntary movement

Question 10

Contraindications for stretch reflex

Answer 10

• joint instability
• fracture
• pain
• creating dominant reflexes
• improper technique

Question 11

Normal timing

Answer 11

• sequence of muscle contractions for coordinated movements (prox develops before distal, but movement is distal to prox for adults)
• normal timing may be goal of therapy

Question 12

Why use patterns of movements?

Answer 12

• muscles respond more powerfully in specific diagonal patterns

Question 13

Rhythmic initiation

Answer 13

• uni-directional technique
• used to teach motion (PROM»AROM)
• used to enhance initiation, promote motor learning and relaxation
• therapist sets rhythm

**Used to treat dysfunction of speed, direction, and/or quality (i.e., parkinson’s pts)

Question 14

Rhythmic stabilization vs Alternating isometrics

Answer 14

Rhythmic = in multiple planes
Alternating = through straight planes

BOTH = biometric techniques used for stabilization of an unstable joint. Can be used to inc ROM. Relaxing

Command to pt = “Hold”

Question 15

Slow Reversals

Answer 15

Reversals of antagonist, isotonic reversals

• concentric/concentric
• utilizes reversing directions of smooth coordinated concentric contractions without relaxation btw reversals. Can use stretch reflex prn

-used to promote inc ROM, strength, coordination and power

Question 16

Slow reversal hold

Answer 16

Stabilizing reversals

• a hold is applied at end range of slow reversal
• to improve ability to maintain stability at a joint

Question 17

Agonistic reversals

Answer 17

• combines isotonic (concentric/eccentric) contractions for control of motion
• functional blend of muscle function
• can vary resistance to improve strength and ROM

Question 18

Repeated contraction

Answer 18

• utilizes stretch reflex to promote initiation of muscle activity
• to reinforce and strengthen an existing contraction
• reduce fatigue ad improve endurance
• *must follow with resistance to be facilitory
• *caution when used if pt has hyperactive stretch reflex

Question 19

Bilateral symmetrical patterns

Answer 19

• bilateral perform one diagonal pattern by either both upper or lower extremities at the same time in same direction
• (flex or extend together)

-Goal = trunk flexion or extension

Question 20

Bilateral reciprocal patterns

Answer 20

• recip perform one diagonal patter by both UE/LE in different directions
• one limb flexes while the other extends

** use same pattern

Question 21

bilateral asymmetrical patterns

Answer 21

• bilaterally perform 2 diagonal patterns
• move both extremities simultaneously in same direction
• (both extend or flex together)
• Goal = Rotation. (i.e., Swinging a baseball bat)

Question 22

Crossed diagonal

Answer 22

• recip perform of 2 diagonals

- one limb flexes in one position, while one limb extends in the other pattern

Question 23

Chop

Answer 23

• upper trunk flexion pattern that combines billet asymmetrical ext patterns of the UEs
• used for trunk stability and to promote trunk flexion

Question 24

Lift

Answer 24

• upper trunk ext pattern that combines billet asymmetrical flex patterns of UEs
• used for trunk stability and to promote trunk ext.

Question 25

Techniques used for initiating movement

Answer 25

• rhythmic initiation

- repeated contractions

Question 26

Techniques used for increasing ROM

Answer 26

• rhythmic initiation
• hold relax
• contract relax
• rhythmic stabilization

Question 27

Techniques for stability

Answer 27

• slow reversal hold
• alt isometrics
• rhythmic stabilization

Question 28

Techniques for controlled mobility (fixed distal component)

Answer 28

• slow reversal
• slow reversal hol
• repeated contractions
• timing for emphasis
• agonistic reversals

Question 29

Techniques for skill (free distal component)

Answer 29

• slow reversal
• slow reversal hol
• repeated contractions
• timing for emphasis
• agonistic reversals
• resisted progression
• normal timing