Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PTH 506: neuro disorders I > Exam 1: stuff > Flashcards

Exam 1: stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Motor control definitions

A
  • ability to regulate or direct the mechanism essential to movement
  • understanding the neural, physical and behavioral aspects of movement.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Movement definition

A
  • moving the body parts in space with a variety of options over a moving? base
  • KEY: variability and quality of movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Postural control definition

A
  • stabilizing the body in space

- controlling COM over the BOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 parts of movement? circle things

A
  • environment
  • task
  • individual
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Discrete vs continuous movements

A

Discrete: begin and end to a movement (kicking)

Continuous: no clear beginning or end. Person determines it. (walking)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

serial movements

A

-ordered series of discrete movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

open vs closed task

A
  • open: ever changing

- Closed: relatively little change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2 aspects of environment

A
  • nonregulatory

- regulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 aspects of individual

A
  • cognition
  • action
  • perception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 aspects of task

A
  • manipulation
  • stability
  • mobility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What cranial nerves are part of the CNS and PNS

A 
CNS = 1,2
PNS = 3-12
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Schwann cells found in

A

PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Brain and spinal cord injury = upper motor issues. causes what?

A

spasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Peripheral nerve injury = lower motor issues. causes

A

-profound weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

medial part of ventral horn controls?

Later part controls?

A

proximal muscles

-Lateral = distal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

muscle spindles

A
  • reflexive contractions
  • proprioception - constantly giving info on location
  • gamma motor neurons cause intrafusal fibers to contract keeping it taught
  • low threshold = fast reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

muscle tone definition

A

-force with which a muscle resists being lengthened; stiffness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

components of muscle tone

A
  • intrinsic elasticity of muscles

- neural component (excitability of alpha motor neurons, supraspinal control of gamma motor neurons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

purpose of muscle tone

A
  • readiness to fire
  • stores energy for later use
  • smoothes movement: no tremor
  • maintain posture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pyramidal system regulation of muscle activity

A

motor weakness.

-primary motor cortex and cortical spinal tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Extrapyramidal system: regulation of muscle activity

A

abnormal muscle tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Primary motor cortex (M1) : purpose

A
  • main motor output area of the cortex

- it codes the force and speed of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Primary motor cortex: receives input from what?

A
  • sensory areas (S1 and sensory association area)
  • basal ganglia
  • cerebellum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

corticospinal (cs) tract: (output of primary motor cortex)

A
  • axons leave cell bodies in precentral gyrus
  • internal capsule
  • brainstem
  • medulla. 80-90% of fibers decussates
  • descend in lat cs tract of spinal cord.
  • (uncrossed fibers continue in anterior -ventral cs tract- then cross once at specific level of s.c.)
  • fibers enter ant. gray horn
  • synapse with alpha motor neurons
  • muscle stimulated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the function of corticospinal neurons in primary motor cortex?

A
  • project to multiple motor neuron pools in the spinal cord
  • participate in the initiation of movement
  • motor cortex neurons code for the force and speed of individual movements, **not individual muscles.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

function of premotor cortex

A
  • sequential tasks
  • visual dependent (i.e., darts)
  • output to M1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

supplementary cortex function

A
  • more automated movements
  • not needing visual guidance (i.e., walking)
  • output to M1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Prefrontal cortex role

A
  • executive functioning

- memory (indirectly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

orbitofrontal role

A
  • affect (i.e., personality)

- social behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

purpose of cerebellum

A
  • coordination of movement (especially visually guided)
  • muscle tone
  • balance
  • motor learning
  • error detection
  • cognition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

purpose of basal ganglia

A
  • muscle tone

- initiates movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

regulatory vs nonregulatory environments

A

reg: influences the tast. (weight of a cup)
nonreg: does not influence (color of it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

3 parts of brainstem

A

medulla, pons, midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

frontal lobe function

A

behavior, emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

parietal lobe function

A

sensory info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

temporal lobe

A

memory, hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

dorsal vs ventral horn?

A
  • ventral horn = motor neurons

- dorsal horn = sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

muscle spindle: Ia, II, gamma

A
  • Ia = quick stretch
  • II = static stretch
  • gamma = keep intrafusal fibers taught
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

GTO does input and output?

A

-only does output.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

2 parts of somatosensory system

A
  • cutaneous (touch, pressure, temp, pain, vibration)

- proprioception: (mm, tendons, joints, connective tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

cutaneous receptors on skin give rise to? (3)

A
  • reflex mvmts
  • body position
  • orientation to environment.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

purpose of spindle info: vis spinal cord and higher centers

A
  • spinal cord = fine control of movment

- higher centers = helps with mm tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

lateral spinal thalamic tract carries?

A
  • pain and temp!

- crosses right away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

dorsal column medical lemniscus (DCML) carries?

A

proprioceptive, fine touch vibration

-crosses in medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

first integration of somatosensory info is in

A

primary somatosensory cortex. S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

further integration of somatosensory info is in

A

secondary somatosensory cortex. S2

48
Q

sensory association areas. 5 & 7 process what?

A
  • visual and somatosensory info

- helps with visually guided movements

49
Q

sensory association areas. post to 7 process

A

-process body part info

deficit = visual neglect, agnosia

50
Q

agnosia

A

inability to recognize objects

51
Q

optic tract -> LGN -> occipital lobe does

A

object recognition

52
Q

optic tract -> sup colliculus -> occipital lobe

A
  • maps visual space and localizes visual stim

- saccadic eye movement

53
Q

optic tract -> midbrain -> L7L CN3

A

-modulates pupillary light reflex

54
Q

fluid system in ear: endolymph and perilymph

A 
endo = fills membranous labyrinths
perily = btwn membrane and bony labyrinth
55
Q

lateral VSR increases what?

A

antigravity mm tone

56
Q

medial VSR mediates what?

A

mediates axial cervical mm activity

57
Q

reticular formation does whattttt

A
  • postural mm tone

- arousal

58
Q

what modulates VOR and VSR?

A

cerebellum

59
Q

what drives VOR?

A

oculomotor nuclei

60
Q

Perception def

A

attaching meaning by relating past stuff to sensory experiences

61
Q

Perception: linked with prefrontal areas for?

A

behavior/action

62
Q

perception: linked with vision areas for?

A

attention and body awareness

63
Q

perception: lesions in parietal and prefrontal do what?

A
  • parietal = attention deficits

- prefrontal = personality, behavior changes

64
Q

what is stereognosis?

A

recognizing an object without visual or auditory means

65
Q

Cognition def

A

ability to sort, process, retrieve and manipulate info

66
Q

7 parts of cognition

A

BOP-ME-A

  • behavior
  • orientation
  • problem solving
  • memory
  • executive fx
  • attention
67
Q

3 steps of problem solving

A

1- preparation (understand issue)
2- production (generate solutions)
3-judgement (eval consequences)

68
Q

Def: alertness and arousal

A

ability to extract info from the env.

69
Q

Def: vigilance (sustained)

A

ability to stay focused on a stimulus

70
Q

def: selective attention:

A

ability to disregard irrelevant info but attend to one stimulus

71
Q

def: disengage and switch or alternating

A

opposite of selective attention. ability to disengage from a stim and switch to another

72
Q

def: resource/divided attention

A

multitasking

73
Q

3 stages of info processing

A
  • stim identification (sense, encode, perceive)
  • response selection (# of choices, S-R compatibility)
  • response programming (complexity, R-R compatibility)
74
Q

What is hicks law?

A

linear relationship btwn the RT and the log of the number of stim response alternatives

(more choices = longer it takes to correctly react)

75
Q

3 stages of motor learning

A
  • cognitive
  • associative
  • autonomous stage
76
Q

Def: acuity

A

clearness of vision

77
Q

def: accommodation

A

process by which eyes adjust and can focus. produces a sharp image.

78
Q

Def: color sensitivity

A

ability to see color. Cones

79
Q

Def: adaptation to dark

A

ability to see in night. rods

80
Q

sign vs symptom

A 
sign = objective measure
symptom = subjective info
81
Q

positive vs negative (UMN)

A
  • positive = gain something (spasticity)

- negative = lose something (strength)

82
Q

Primary vs secondary

A
  • primary = direct result

- secondary = consequence of injury

83
Q

UMN vs LMN

A
  • UMN = spasticity

- LMN = atrophy, hyporeflexia

84
Q

ability to generate enough tension in a mm for posture and mvmt

A

= strength

85
Q

inability to recruit and/or modulate motor neurons

A

= weakness

86
Q

inability or difficulty recruiting motor units

A

=paralysis/plegia

87
Q

mild or partial loss of muscle activity

A

= paresis

88
Q

Pyramidal system (primary motor cortex and cortical spinal tracts) regulate what?

A

motor weakness

89
Q

extrapyramidal system: regulates what?

A

abnormal muscle tone

90
Q

Def: rigidity

A

=heightened resistance to possible movement in limb

-cogwheel and lead pipe

91
Q

Def: spasticity

A

velocity dependent resistance to passive motion.

-usually unidirectional

92
Q

What can you use to exam abnormal tone?

A
  • MAS
  • DTRs
  • Pendulum test
  • PROM
  • babinski
93
Q

PT intervention for spasticity

A
  • splint, brace, cast
  • strengthen within control ROM
  • muscle re-ed
  • modalities
94
Q

pharm intervention to spasticity

A
  • Baclofen = GABA agonist

- Botox (blocks release of NT)

95
Q

Athetosis

A

make continual twisting, squirming movements or contortions of the body

96
Q

dystonia

A

resulting in muscular spasm and abnormal posture

97
Q

chorea

A

-characterized by jerky involuntary movements. especially the shoulders, hips, and face

98
Q

Def: dysmetria

A

overshoot or undershoot motion

99
Q

Def: dyskinesia

A

= no functional movement

100
Q

Def: dysdiadochokinesia

A

= cant do rapid alt movements

101
Q

Def: dysarthria

A

= difficulty with speech

102
Q

Def: tremor

A

involuntary oscillatory mvmt resulting from alternate contractions of opposing muscle groups

103
Q

intentions vs resting tremor

A 
intention = cerebellum issue
resting = basal ganglia issue
104
Q

Medial lemniscal system lesions: found where and cause what

A 
found = spinal cord
cause = light touch issue
105
Q

Lateral spinothalamic tract lesion: found and cause

A 
found= spinal cord
cause = pain/temp
106
Q

somatosensory impairment testing order

A
  • one pt
  • 2 pt discrim
  • quantification
  • recognition
107
Q

will you treat somatosensation deficit?

A

yes. studies show it improves pt ability to interpret and discriminate info

108
Q

what are 3 functions of the vestibular system

A

1- gaze stabilization
2 - posture and balance
3 - conscious sense of orientation in space

109
Q

Def: agnosia

A

inability to recognize; loss of perception

110
Q

Def: somatognosia

A

inability to perceive/orient to part/s of body

111
Q

Def: anosognosia

A

denial or unaware of one’s neuro deficit

112
Q

Def: hemi-spatial or unilateral neglect

A

-inability to perceive and integrate one side of body

113
Q

Def: apraxia

A

inability to carry out purposeful mvmts

114
Q

Sensory neglect

A

-unaware of sensory infor on one side of body (opp brain lesion)

115
Q

Mesulam’s model

A
  • left brain only points to right space
  • right brain does both

=why we tend to see more left neglects than right

116
Q

What type of learning is best for patient?

A

implicit. learn from mistakes

PTH 506: neuro disorders I (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions