Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PTH 506: neuro disorders I > Exam 2: stuff > Flashcards

Exam 2: stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What requires more postural stability; sitting slouched with a post tilt or upright with an ant tilt?

A

anterior tilt.

  • inc stability = dec mobility.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 tasks/parts/things of postural control?

A

Stability and Orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stability definition

A
  • control of COM over BOS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Orientation dfinition

A
  • Relationship btwn body segments and environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Postural orientation stuff

A
  • biomechanical alignment

- orientation of body and segements and the environment for the task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stability limits (LOS) definition

A

Boundaries of space in which body can maintain control without changing BOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Postural sway. cone of stability in Anterior, posterior, and lateral directions

A
  • anterior = 15-20 degrees
  • posterior = 3-5 degrees
  • lateral = 5-8 degrees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What effects one’s LOS?

A
  • BOS
  • velocity of COM
  • task: actual and perceptual limits
  • environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Postural control an impairment or funct. lim?

A

multisystem impairment??

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is muscle synergies?

A
  • coupling of groups of mm that are synchronized to act as a unit.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ankle strategy.

A
  • small perturbation.
  • move ant = activates gastroc, hammy, paraspinal
  • move post = activates tib ant, quads, abs.

-distal to prox activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hip strategy.

A
  • large or fast perturbations
  • narrow or compliant surfaces
  • head and hips travel in opposite directions
  • moving backward = will activate abs, quads
  • moving forward = activates paraspinals and hammy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which has a more narrow limit of stability? hip or ankle?

A

Hip. COM does not move much.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is responsible for medial lateral stability?

A

Hips do most of movement.
-abductors and adductors

-Prox to distal. (hip muscles fire before ankle mm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is required for multi-directional stability?

A
  • combination of synergies. Practice difference patterns with patient (ankle, hip, stepping.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 2 feed forward thing?

A
  • postural prep

- postural accompaniments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the feedback thing?

A
  • postural feedback.

- i.e., after perturbations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 3 sensory strategies?

A
  • vision, somatosensory, vestibular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Anticipatory postural control

A
  • postural adjustments are mvmts or muscle activation that occurs before voluntary movement to minimize potential disturbances in the body/limb etc.

*** lifting book example. Doing it yourself = anticipatory control.

20
Q

What role does vision have on anticipatory control?

A
  • decreases latency period.
21
Q

Primary aging theory

A
  • genetically determined.

- pessimistic view

22
Q

Secondary aging theory

A
  • aging due to external insults

- optimistic view

23
Q

Factors for fall risk

A
  • multiple contributing factors
  • psychosocial
  • environmental
  • physiological
24
Q

Aging and influence on muscle

A
  • sarcopenia, atrophy, dec type II fibers (lost at faster rate), dec motor units
25
Q

other changes with aging

A
  • inc sway
  • change motor strategies
  • coactivation, timing, prox first then distal activation
26
Q

influence of aging on receptor concentration, afferent nerve fibers, internodal length, vibration threshold in big toe

A

decreases all.
- vibration threshold increases in big toe.

= 30% loss of peripheral receptors

27
Q

What is the absolute reference for balance system

A
  • vestibular system

- 40% dec in vestibular hair and nerve cells by age 70

28
Q

aging does what to movement and reaction times

A
  • increases both (makes slower)
29
Q

What 3 areas in brain atrophy

A
  • prefrontal areas
  • temporal lobes
  • hippocampus

** also see dec in NT

30
Q

signal to noise ratio

A
  • decreases with age

Noise = background neuronal activity (HR,RR ect.)

31
Q

What is a fall?

A

unplanned descent to the floor

32
Q

how many people over 65 fall each year?

A

> 1/3

33
Q

Adults in institutions fall more or less

A

fall more

34
Q

> 50% falls happen at home. where most? and most injury falls where?

A
  • most in bedroom

- most injuries = bathroom

35
Q

Do falls follow seasonal pattern?

A
  • no. climate pattern.
36
Q

Single intervention that lowered risk of falling 12-20% =

A

exercise

37
Q

Sequencing problems

A
  • coactivation

- lack or reverse of distal-to-prox activation

38
Q

Timely activation problems

A
  • delayed onset latencies
39
Q

Adaptability problems to changing environment

A
  • cant adapt

- scaling of forces ( too much or too little)

40
Q

Consequences of abnormal sequencing

A
  • dec torque produced
  • large lateral shifts of COM due to imbalances
  • excessive movements of hip and knee when should be doing ankle
41
Q

What effect does AFO have on using ankle strategies?

A
  • dec use of ankle strategy.
42
Q

2 parts of brain for “central set” stuff

A
  • Basal ganglia and supplementary motor cortex
43
Q

What is a hypermetric response?

A

producing too much torque.

44
Q

2 key sensory input on postural control

A
  • availability of senses to detect the position of the body in space
  • availability of accurate orientation and cues from environment
45
Q

What is a sensory selection problem?

A

when one or more orientation cues inaccurately report the body’s position in space.

PTH 506: neuro disorders I (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions