Exam 3 part 2 BonusQuestions and mixture of thyroid,bloodcirculation,tyrosine,camp, zona, hormones Flashcards
BonusQuestions: Digitalis or digoxin works by
a) stimulating the Na+/K+ ATPase
b) lowering the intracellular concentration of Na+
c) lowering the intracelluar concentration of Ca2-
d) stimulating the contractility of the heart
e) increasing the conduction rate thru the AV node
d)stimulating the contractility of the heart
BonusQuestions: Orthostatic hypotension
a) can result from dehydration
b) may be caused by beta blockers
c) can be due to postprandial hypotension
d) occurs when the baroreceptor reflex is note adequate
e) all of the above
e)all of the above
BonusQuestions: Aplastic Anemia is due to destruction of the bone marrow. which of the following would you expect to see in a patients with this condition?
a) leukopenia
b) thrombocytopenia
c) anemia
d) A and C
e) A, B and C
e)A, B and C
BonusQuestions: Thalassemia
a) is a type of anemia due to deficiency of iron
b) is an acquired disease in which viral infection of the bone marrow stops hematopoiesis
c) is a genetic disease in which there is a deficiency of one of the hemoglobin polypeptides
d) is abnormally high RBC count due to an increase in the rate of erythropoiesis
e) is a genetic disease in which the body is not able to make the porphyrin ring of the hemoglobin molecule
c)is a genetic disease in which there is a deficiency of one of the hemoglobin polypeptides
BonusQuestions: __________ may lead to pulmonary hypertension
a) mitral stenosis
b) pulmonary valve stenosis
c) tricuspid stenosis
d) aortic regurgitation
b)pulmonary valve stenosis
BonusQuestions: In sepsis, large amounts of endotoxin released by bacteria causes
a) macrophages to produce nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines
b) systemic vasoconstriction
c) decreased capillary permeability
d) hypertension
e) all of the above
a)macrophages to produce nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines
BonusQuestions: In idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, patients suffer from
a) inappropriate clotting
b) extreme susceptibility to infections
c) very viscous blood
d) a lower than normal oxygen-carrying capacity
e) a high susceptilbility to bleeding
a)inappropriate clotting
Bonus Questions: Since calcium is an important factor in proper functioning of nerve and muscle tissue, the effects of hypercalcemia are
a) hyperexcitability and tetany, because there is too much calcium around.
b) hyperexcitability and tetany, because the intracellular and extracellular levels of calcium would be nearly equal
c) diminished function, because Higher calcium levels change the permeability of the neurons for sodium, thereby making them less excitable
d) diminished function, because of lower levels of calcium in the intracellular storage
e) none of the above
c)diminished function, because Higher calcium levels change the permeability of the neurons for sodium, thereby making them less excitable
Read Correct answer: “Higher calcium levels”
on his exam he mistaken put “lower calcium levels”
I am not sure if he corrected it yet, but he announced in class to cross out lower and replace with higher.
BonusQuestions: Tamoxifen, a drug used to treat some breast cancers, is an antagonist that bind to
a) prolactin receptors
b) oxytocin receptors
c) estrogen receptors
d) progestrone receptors
e) FSH receptors
c)estrogen receptors
BonusQuestions: President John F. Kennedy suffered from addison’s disease. which of the following statements is TRUE about this disease?
a) It is caused by hypersecretion of cortisol and aldosterone
b) Very high levels of ACTH can stimulate melanocytes causing various characteristic unnatural discolorations of the skin
c) It is caused by hypersecretion of ACTH
d) untreated patients of ten survive well into their old age
e) hyperglycemia and hypertension are among the hallmarks of this disease
b)Very high levels of ACTH can stimulate melanocytes causing various characteristic unnatural discolorations of the skin
BonusQuestions: “broken bones, kidney stones, abdominal groans and psychic moans” refer to the effects of
a) excess levels of parathyroid hormone
b) deficiency of parathyroid hormone
c) deficiency of vitamin D
d) deficiency of growth hormone
e) excess levels of growth hormone
a)excess levels of parathyroid hormone
BonusQuestions: In Graves Disease, autoantibodies mimic
a) TSH receptors
b) TRH
c) TRH receptors
d) TSH
e) Triiodothyronine
d)TSH
Promotion of the formation of calcitriol (vitamin D3) is a major effect of
a) calcitonin
b) TSH
c) cortisol
d) parathyroid hormone
e) aldosterone
d)parathyroid hormone
when a lipid-soluable hormone binds to its target cell receptor, it
a) activates a promotor region
b) causes the formation of cyclic AMP
c) is converted into cholesterol, which acts as a second messenger
d) alters the membrane’s permeability to G proteins
e) causes the formation of releasing hormones
a)activates a promotor region
the body may try to correct hyperkalemia by secreting more
a) insulin
b) cortisol
c) renin
d) ADH
e) aldosterone
e)aldosterone
GnRH directly stimulates the release of
a) testosterone
b) DHEA
c) estrogen
d) FSH
e) all of these are correct
d)FSH
the effect of leutinizing hormone in males is
a) release of cortisol
b) release of GnRH
c) stimulation of testicular follicles
d) release of testosterone
e) spermatogenesis
d)release of testosterone
which of the following hormones works only by activating a G protein?
a) glucocorticoids
b) PTH
c) mineralocorticoids
d) DHEA
e) testosterone
b)PTH
by taking birth control pills (hormonal oral contraceptives) which of the following do you expect to take place?
a) decrease in FSH & LH levels
b) decrease in ADH level
c) increase in FSH & LH levels
d) increase in ACTH level
e) decrease in ACTH level
a)decrease in FSH & LH levels
the primary stimulus for release of cortisol and other corticosteroid hormones is
a) prolactin
b) adrenocorticotrophic hormone
c) growth hormone
d) increase levels of cholesterol in blood
e) decreased levels of glucose in blood
b)adrenocorticotrophic hormone
In the onset of their disease, most patients with type II diabetes
a) may have downregulation of tyrosine kinase receptors
b) will have higher sensitivity to insulin
c) are skinny and underweight
d) will lack endogenous insulin
e) will be absolutely dependent on insulin shots
a)may have downregulation of tyrosine kinase receptors
glucocorticoids have all the following effects EXCEPT:
a) anti-inflamatory
b) lipolysis
c) depression of immune system
d) decreased production of ATP
e) gluconeogenesis
d)decreased production of ATP
angiotensin converting enzyme
a) is mainly secreted by the kidneys
b) inhibitors reduce blood pressure
c) is activated by an increase in angiotensin II levels
d) is directly stimulated by renin
e) is stimulated by hypertension
b)inhibitors reduce blood pressure
Effects of insulin includes all EXCEPT
a) increased glycogenesis
b) increased gluconeogenesis
c) increased facilitated diffusion of glucose into the cells
d) increased protein synthesis
e) increased fat synthesis
b)increased gluconeogenesis
which of the following statements regarding the RAA (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone) pathway is CORRECT?
a) some cases of essential hypertension may be due to an underactive RAA pathway
b) renin is secreted y the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney when they sense low blood pressure
c) renin is produced by the kidneys & catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
d) all answers are correct
e) angiotensin II is a powerful vasodilator, therefore is results in lowering of blood pressure
b)renin is secreted y the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney when they sense low blood pressure
In a person with Myxedema due to a primary thyroid disorder, what do you expect the levels of TSH be?
a) low
b) normal
c) one cannot say with certainly
d) high
d) high
C-peptide is the by-product of post-translational modification of which hormone?
a) TSH
b) growth hormone
c) ADH
d) Insulin
e) ACTH
d)Insulin
A hormone that controls the size of a gland and the level of its secretions is a
a) trophic hormone
b) synergistic hormone
c) axis control hormone
d) permissive hormone
a)trophic hormone
calcitonin is synthesized by _____ and its primary effect is ______.
a) parathyroid; to increase blood calcium
b) thyroid; to decrease blood calcium
c) thyroid; to increase blood calcium
d) parathyroid; to decrease blood calcium
e) none of the above is correct
b)thyroid; to decrease blood calcium
a primary effect of mineralocorticoids is to promote
a) reabsorption of potassium ions by the kidney
b) decreased blood glucose
c) increased secretion of ACTH
d) reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidney
e) increased urine production
d)reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidney
addison’s disease is due to
a) hyposecretion of cortisol
b) hyposecretion of testosterone
c) hypersecretion of GH
d) hyposecretion of glucagon
e) hypersecretion of insulin
a)hyposecretion of cortisol
increased secretion of CRH directly increases the secretion of ______ by the ________.
a) TSH; hypothalamus
b) TSH; pituitary gland
c) ACTH; pituitary gland
d) ACTH; hypothalamus
c)ACTH; pituitary gland
Insulin is associated with
a) thyrosin kinase
b) heterodimerization of its receptor
c) a hormone response element
d) a G-protein
e) a nuclear receptor
a)thyrosin kinase
which of the following statements regarding parathyroid hormone is TRUE?
a) PTH decreases renal reabsorption of calcium
b) PTH has a nuclear receptor
c) PTH is essential for life
d) PTH is a steroid hormone
e) PTH and calcitriol are antagonistic hormones
c)PTH is essential for life
which of these hormones stimulates uterine muscle contraction during labor?
a) oxytocin
b) epinephrine
c) prolactin
d) cortisol
e) thyroxine
a)oxytocin
which of the following is associated with response of a cell to epinephrine?
a) cAMP
b) intracellular calcium release
c) G protein
d) inositol triphosphate
e) all of the above
e)all of the above
which of the following second messengers results in an increase in the intracellular calcium levels?
a) tyrosine kinase
b) inositol triphosphate
c) cAMP
d) adenylate cyclase
b)inositol triphosphate
the inner zone or zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces
a) DHEA
b) catecholamines
c) glucocorticoids
d) ACTH
e) aldosterone
a)DHEA
which statement regarding congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is correct?
a) It is due to absence of one or more adrenal enzymes necessary for the production of cortisol
b) In adult females it results in masculinization, which may include excessive body hair, deep voice and enlargement of the clitoris
c) cortisol replacement therapy will stop the negative feedback loop to the anterior pituitary, thus lowering the production of ACTH and minimizing the symptoms
d) Virilism in adult males is obscured by normal testosterone effects
e) all above statement are true
e)all above statement are true
NSAIDs (non-sterioidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)
a) inhibit the action of COX-1 and COX-2
b) prolong bleeding time
c) inhibit platelet aggregation
d) inhibit the formation of many prostaglandins in many different tissues
e) all of the above are true
e)all of the above are true
the stimulus for release of parathyroid hormone is
a) PRH
b) low levels of calcium ions in the blood
c) TSH
d) nerve impulses from the hypothalamus
e) calcitonin
b)low levels of calcium ions in the blood
activation of vitamin D in the body is stimulated by
a)cortisol
b)aldosterone
c)PTH
D)ADH
e)calcitonin
c)PTH
exophthalmos is a pathognomonic sign of
a) addison’s disease (hypocortisolism)
b) cushing’s disease (hypercortisolism)
c) hyperthyroidism
d) hypothyroidism
e) hypoparathyroidism
c)hyperthyroidism
increased secretion of CRH would be stimulated by
a) low levels of ADH
b) high levels of thyroid hormone
c) high levels of GH
d) low levels of cortisol
e) high levels of aldosterone
d)low levels of cortisol
which of the following is an expected effect of oral contraceptives?
a) increase in ACTH level
b) decrease in ACTH level
c) decrease in ADH level
d) increase in FSH & LH levels
e) decrease in FSH & LH levels
e)decrease in FSH & LH levels
tyrosine kinase is the receptor for
a) epinephrine
b) cortisol
c) estrogen
d) insulin
e) parathyroid hormone
d)insulin
which of the following hormones is associated with a hormone response element?
a) growth hormone
b) aldosterone
c) antidiuretic hormone
d) leutinizing hormone
e) epinephrine
b)aldosterone
an increase in blood glucose and an anti-inflammatory effect are important effects of
a) epinephrine
b) glucagon
c) cortisol
d) insulin
e) ADH
c)cortisol
which of the following hormones works by activating a G protein?
a) cortisol
b) testosterone
c) estrogen
d) aldosterone
e) follicle stimulating hormone
e)follicle stimulating hormone
in a person with Myxedema due to a primary thyroid disorder, what do you expect the levels of TSH to be?
a) normal
b) high
c) low
d) one cannot say with certainly
b)high
Estradiol 17-beta is produced by
a) interstitial cells of the testes
b) anterior pituitary
c) posterior pituitary
d) granulosa cells of the ovaries
e) adrenal cortex
d)granulosa cells of the ovaries
heterodimerization of a hormone response element (HRE) with retinoic acid is associated with
a) hydrocortisone
b) thyroxine
c) estrogen
d) a trophic hormone
e) a releasing hormone
b)thyroxine
the effect of leutinizing hormone in males is
a) spermatogenesis
b) release of cortisol
c) release of testosterone
d) release of GnRH
c)release of testosterone
an increase in glycogenolysis by the liver is an important effect of
a) glucagon
b) insulin
c) PTH
d) aldosterone
e) both A and B are correct
a)glucagon
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ________ the synthesis of ________ by acting on cycloxygenase enzyme
1)stimulate 2)inhibit 3)leukotrienes 4)prostaglandins
a) 1;3
b) 1;4
c) 2;3
d) 2;4
d)2;4
which of the following may stimulate the secretion of renin by the kidneys?
a) high aldosterone levels
b) high blood pressure
c) high plasma sodium
d) increased angiotensin II levels
e) hemorrhage
e)hemorrhage
growth and vascularization of the endometrial layer of the uterus in preparation for possible implantation of an embryo requires
a) progesterone
b) estrogen
c) thyroxine
d) all of the above
d)all of the above
A primary effect of mineralocorticoids is to promote
a) increased urine production
b) retention of potassium ions by the kidney
c) retention of sodium ions by the kidney
d) decreased blood glucose
e) increased secretion of ACTH
c)retention of sodium ions by the kidney
increased post-synaptic Ca+2 concentration
a) occurs after acetylocholine is released
b) occurs when kinases are activated by calmodulin
c) stimulates genetic transcription and production of new proteins
d) is due to activation of AMPA receptors
e) inhibits release of nitric oxide
c)stimulates genetic transcription and production of new proteins
testosterone, progesterone and hydrocortisone are all derived from
a) cholesterol
b) amino acid tyrosine
c) amino acid typtophan
d) epinephrine
a)cholesterol
