Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human physiology > Exam 3 Part 1 Blood Circulation,EKG,ZONA > Flashcards

Exam 3 Part 1 Blood Circulation,EKG,ZONA Flashcards

1
Q

The diameter of blood vessels most directly affects

A)venous return

B)blood viscosity

C)resistance

D)heart rate

E)stroke volume

A

C)resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

All of the following factors would decrease mean arterial pressure EXCEPT:

A)decreased preload

B)arteriolar vasodilation

C)decreased contractility

D)decreased heart rate

E)venoconstriction

A

E)venoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A women in her child-bearing age whose blood type is Rh-negative should not receive Rh-positive transfusion because:

A)her religious beliefs may not allow her to receive any other blood type.

B)Rh-positive red blood cells will sickle upon contacting Rh-negative RBC’s

C)she will develop antibodies to the Rh antigen

D)she may die of a fatal transfusion reaction

E)Not true! why shouldn’t she receive Rh-positive blood?

A

C)she will develop antibodies to the Rh antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

arteriolar ____________ decreases ___________ which makes it easier for the heart to pump.

A)vasoconstriction; preload

B)vasodilation; stroke volume

C)vasoconstriction; total peripheral resistance

D)vasodilation; afterload

E)vasodilation; ejection fraction

A

D)vasodilation; afterload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Platelet aggregation is aided by all of the following EXCEPT

A)vWF

B)ADP

C)Thromboxane A2

D)Prostaglandin I2

A

D)Prostaglandin I2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Coumadin (Warfarin) works as an anticoagulant by

A)preventing clumping of platelets

B)acting as an antagonist to vitamin K

C)working with Antihrombin to interfere with the action of thrombin

D)binding calcium ions

E)enhancing the production of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

A

B)acting as an antagonist to vitamin K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The conversion of soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin requires its enzymatic conversion directly by a substance known as

A)thromboplastin

B)thrombin

C)prothrombin

D)anti-hemophilic factor (Factor VIII)

E)factor XIII (fibrin-stabilizing factor)

A

B)thrombin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

An extended PR interval on an ECG (longer than 200 mSec) indicates

A)excessive K+ in the extracellular fluid

B)a blockage in the conduction system (AV block)

C)damage to the cardiac myfibers in the ventricles

D)enlarged ventricles

E)nothing unusual or abnormal

A

B)a blockage in the conduction system (AV block)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Failure of the cardiovascular system to adequately perfuse the tissues is called

A)Ischemia

B)shock

C)Bradycardia

D)afterload

E)systemic vascular resistance or TPR

A

B)shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If acetylcholine is applied to the heart, but cardiac output is to remain constant, which of the following would have to happen?

A)stroke volume must increase

B)venous return must decrease

C)force of contraction must decrease

D)rate of conduction of impulses through the AV bundle must increase

E)the oxygen content of blood in the coronary circulation must increase

A

A)stroke volume must increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Platelets initially stick to the wall of a damaged blood vessel because of

a) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
b) activation of fibrinogen to fibrin
c) bridging with vonWillebrand factor and subendothelial collagen
d) release o thromboplastin
e) activation of plasminogen

A

c)bridging with vonWillebrand factor and subendothelial collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR)

a) has no effect on blood pressure
b) decreases stroke volume
c) lowers blood pressure
d) is synonymous with increased afterload

A

c)lowers blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atropine has a

a) positive inotropic effect
b) positive chronotropic effect
c) negative inotropic effect
d) negative chronotropic effect

A

b)positive chronotropic effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A student who just returned from a trip overseas is found to have been infected by the parasite that causes malaria. what might her CBC show?

a) leukopenia
b) thrombocytosis
c) neutrophilia
d) eosinophilia
e) polycythemia

A

d)eosinophilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A 65 year old woman is diagnosed and hospitalized with bacterial pneumonia. which of the following would be the most likely characteristic of her CBC?

a) thrombocytopenia
b) leukopenia
c) anemia
d) leukocytosis with a high neutrophil count
e) lymphocytosis

A

d)leukocytosis with a high neutrophil count

or

Neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

An increase in heart rate will always cause an increase in cardiac output

a) true
b) false

A

b)false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cardiac muscle fibers remain depolarized longer than skeletal muscle fibers because

a) voltage-gated Na+ channels close more quickly to trap Na+ inside longer
b) Ca+2 enters the cytosol from the extracellular fluid to contribute more positive charges slightly after Na+ have entered
c) voltage-gated K+ channels open at the same time as Na+ channels, allowing more positively charged K+ to enter
d) it takes longer to reach threshold, and the duration of depolarization is directly proportional to the time it takes to reach threshold
e) the intercalated discs are very thick relative to the rest of the sarcolemma, it takes longer for K+ to exit the cell to cause repolarization.

A

b)Ca+2 enters the cytosol from the extracellular fluid to contribute more positive charges slightly after Na+ have entered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

“ACE inhibitors” work as antihypertensive drugs by

a) blocking renin release
b) binding to the cardiovascular center to decrease sympathetic stimulation
c) blocking release of ADH
d) decreasing angiotensin II formation
e) binding to aldosterone receptors in the kidney

A

d)decreasing angiotensin II formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the atrioventricular valves close when the

a) SA node fires
b) atria contract
c) vagus nerve stimulates them
d) ventricles relax
e) ventricles contract

A

e)ventricles contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the composition of lymph is most similar to

a) plasma
b) serum
c) cytosol
d) interstitial fluid
e) intestinal juice

A

d)interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the amount of blood in the ventricles just before the start of ventricular systole is referred to as

a) End-systolic volume
b) End-diastolic volume
c) stroke volume
d) cardiac output

A

b)End-diastolic volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Upon standing from supine position (lying down), blood pressure ________ which may result in reflex ___________

a) rises; bradycardia
b) rises; tachycardia
c) drops; bradycardia
d) drops;tachycardia

A

d)drops;tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Edema results when there is

a) increased blood hydrostatic pressure
b) increased permeability of capillaries
c) decreased concentration of plasma proteins
d) increased blood colloid osmotic pressure
e) A,B and C

A

e)A,B and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

blood flows from the pulmonary veins into

a) pulmonary arteries
b) right atrium
c) lungs
d) left atrium
e) left ventricle

A

d)left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

according to the Frank-Starling Law of the heart,

a) the heart is dependent upon the autonomic nervous system for a stimulus to contract
b) the more the heart muscle is stretched, the higher the force of contractility will be
c) stroke volume is directly proportional to end-systolic volume
d) the absolute refractory period for the heart must be longer than the duration of contraction for efficient heart functioning
e) cardiac output equals heart rate times stroke volume

A

b)the more the heart muscle is stretched, the higher the force of contractility will be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Agranular leukocytes that are phagocytic are the

a) neutrophils
b) monocytes
c) lymphocytes
d) eosinophils
e) basophils

A

b)monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A patient is taking an antihypertensive drug that belongs to the angiotensin II receptor blocker class. which of the following changes do you expect to happen in this patient?

1) lower preload 2)lower afterload
3) higher preload 4)higher afterload
a) 1 and 4
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 2
d) 3 and 4
e) only 2

A

c)1 and 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A systolic murmur may be caused by

a) pulmonary valve stenosis
b) mitral valve stenosis
c) tricuspid valve prolapse
d) aortic vavle stenosis
e) all except B

A

e)all except B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

which of the following statemnets regarding the cardiovascular system is FALSE?

a) the left ventricle has a bigger workload than the right ventricle
b) the AV node is the only gateway thru which atrial electrical activity enters the ventricles
c) the septum of the heart electrically isolates the right heart from the left heart
d) complete AV block results in electrical dissociation of the atria from the ventricles
e) mitral regurgitation may result in a diastolic murmur

A

e)mitral regurgitation may result in a diastolic murmur

30
Q

A patient undergoing a CABG operation (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft) has just dropped her hematocrit to dangerously low levels, making it necessary to receive an emergency blood transfusion. Her blood type is AB-positive. which blood type(s) can she receive blood from?

a) only AB
b) AB and A
c) AB, A and B
d) AB, A, B, and O
e) every blood type except O

A

d)AB, A, B, and O

31
Q

the first heart sound (lub) is created by the

a) opening of the atrioventricular valves
b) closing of the atrioventricular valves
c) closing of the semilunar valves
d) opening of the semilunar valves
e) vibration of the chordae tendineae during ventricular systole

A

b)closing of the atrioventricular valves

32
Q

________ are capacitance vessels, while ________ are resistance vessels

a) arterioles; venules
b) veins; arteries
c) capillaries; arteries
d) lacteals; arterioles
e) arteries; veins

A

b)veins; arteries

33
Q

left ventricular pressure is lower than the pressure in the aorta

a) during ventricular diastole
b) during atrial systole
c) during ventricular filling
d) when the aortic valve isclosed
e) all of the above

A

e)all of the above

34
Q

all of the following (within normal physiologic range) will increase cardiac output EXCEPT

a) increase end-diastolic volume
b) venoconstriction
c) decreased Frank-Starling forces
d) decreased afterload
e) increased heart rate

A

c)decreased Frank-Starling forces

35
Q

A heart beat is normally initiated when

a) a nerve impulse arrives at the SA node from the CV center in the Medulla Oblongata
b) the chordae tendineae recoil after being stretched
c) the ventricles are filled with EDV
d) potassium ions begin to leak out of the pacemaker cells of the SA node
e) HCN channels open in response to hyperpolarization

A

e)HCN channels open in response to hyperpolarization

36
Q

which of the following statements regarding the effects of calcium on the heart is TRUE?

a) calcium ions are responsible for plateau phase following depolarization
b) calcium plays a crucial role in the sliding of the actin and myosin filaments during contraction of the muscle fiber
c) changes in calcium ion levels alter the force of contraction, and thus, stroke volume
d) drugs that block calcium channels relax the heart by decreasing its contractility
e) all are true

A

e)all are true

37
Q

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn occurs when

a) the baby makes antibodies against mother’s Rh antigens
b) the mother and the baby have incompatible blood types
c) the mother receives Rhogam too soon
d) maternal anti-Rh immunoglobulin cross the placenta and bind Rh antigens on the baby’s RBCs
e) Rhogam crosses the placenta and destroys fetal RBCs

A

d)maternal anti-Rh immunoglobulin cross the placenta and bind Rh antigens on the baby’s RBCs

38
Q

the extrinsic pathway of blood clotting is initiated with

a) plasmin
b) prothrombin
c) fibrinogen
d) thromboplastins (tissue factor)
e) all answers are correct

A

d)thromboplastins (tissue factor)

39
Q

the effect of acetylchline on the Muscarinic receptors in the SA node is opening of the _____ channels which ______ the rate of depolarization of the pacemaker cells

a) Na+; increases
b) K+; increases
c) Na+; decreases
d) K+; decreases

A

d)K+; decreases

40
Q

ST segment depression on EKG can be an indication of

a) myocardial infarction
b) myocardial ischemia
c) AV block
d) valvular disease

A

b)myocardial ischemia

41
Q

Stroke Volume expressed as a portion of End-diastolic Volume is

a) cardiac output
b) ejection fraction
c) End-systolic volume (ESV)
d) afterload

A

b)ejection fraction

42
Q

Ischemia refers to

a) the first stage of myocardial infarction
b) a failing heart
c) under-perfused tissue
d) lower than normal contractility
e) higher than normal TPR

A

c)under-perfused tissue

43
Q

Upon further differentiation, a myeloid stem cell can become any of the following EXCEPT

a) natural killer cells
b) thrombocytes
c) erythrocytes
d) macrophages

A

a)natural killer cells

44
Q

During Isovolumetric contraction

a) the semilunar valves are closed while the AV valves are open
b) the semilunar valves are open while the AV valves are closed
c) the semilunar and the AV valves are all closed
d) the semilunar and the AV valves are all open
d) the semilunar and the AV valves may be open or closed depending on the pressure gradient between tge chambers

A

c)the semilunar and the AV valves are all closed

45
Q

Excitation-contraction coupling in myocardial cells is possible because

a) depolarization opens volatage-gated calcium channels
b) of calcium-induced calcium release
c) binding of calcium to troponin induces a conformational change in tropomyosin
d) calcium’s gradient is maintained by pumping it out of the cell and into the SR during repolarization
e) all of the above

A

e)all of the above

46
Q

if plasma proteins are lost due to kidney isease, then which of the following pressure changes occur as a direct result?

a) blood hydrostatic pressure increase
b) blood colloid osmotic pressure increases
c) interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure decreases
d) blood colloid osmotic pressure decreases
e) interstitial fluid osmotic pressure decreases

A

d)blood colloid osmotic pressure decreases

47
Q

In the electrical conduction pathway of the heart, the fastest spontaneous rate belongs to the

a) SA node
b) AV node
c) AV bundle
d) purkinjie fibers

A

a)SA node

48
Q

if blood hydrostatic pressure equals 36mm Hg, blood colloid osmotic pressure equals 20mm Hg. interstitial fluid osmotic pressure equals 3mm Hg, and interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure equals 4mm Hg, there is a net

a) reabsorption pressure of 17mm Hg
b) filtration pressure of 15mm Hg
c) filtration pressure of 9mm Hg
d) reabsorption pressure of 21mm Hg
e) filtration pressure of 49mm Hg

A

b)filtration pressure of 15mm Hg

49
Q

Valves are present in

a) arteries
b) arterioles
c) veins
d) capillaries
e) all of the above except capillaries

A

c)veins

50
Q

the respiratory and the skeletal muscle pumps _____ venous return which ________ cardiac output

a) increase; decreases
b) increase; increases
c) decrease; decreases
d) decrease; increases

A

b)increase; increases

51
Q

which of the following represents the correct sequence of parts through which blood moves in passing from the vena cava to the lungs?

  1. right atrium
  2. tricuspid valve
  3. right ventricle
  4. pulmonary valve
  5. pulmonary artery
    a) 1,2,3,4,5
    b) 3,1,2,4,5
    c) 4,1,2,5,3
    d) 2,5,4,3,1
    e) none of the above
A

a)1,2,3,4,5

52
Q

most ventricular filling occurs

a) actively during atrial systole
b) passively during ventricular systole
c) actively during atrial diastole
d) passively during ventricular diastole

A

d)passively during ventricular diastole

53
Q

failure of the cardiovascular system to deliver enough oxygen and nutrients to meet cellular metabolic needs of the tissues is called

a) hypoxia
b) systemic vascular resistance
c) syncope
d) shock
e) bradycardia

A

d)shock

54
Q

which of the following statement regarding blood vessels is NOT correct?

a) all blood vessels are lined with endothelial cells
b) large arteries have the largest lumen of all blood vessels
c) some arterioles and venules are connected with anastomoses
d) the elastic tissue in the large arteries help maintain pressure and flow during diastole
e) fenestrated capillaries can be found in the kidneys and the GI tract

A

b)large arteries have the largest lumen of all blood vessels

55
Q

A drug that inhibits phosphodiesterase would result in ______ opening of the HCN channels thus _______ the heart rate

a) slower, lowering
b) faster, lowering
c) slower; raising
d) faster, raising

A

d)faster, raising

56
Q

Viagra is NOT associated with

a) smooth muscle relaxation
b) lower cGMP levels
c) lower blood pressure
d) increased blood flow
e) any of the above

A

b)lower cGMP levels

57
Q

which of the following is a vasodilator

a) endothelin-1
b) angiotensin II
c) ADH
d) PGI2

A

d)PGI2

58
Q

Cardiac Output (CO) equals

a) SV x SBP (systolic BP)
b) SV x DBP (diastolic BP)
c) SV x HR
d) EDV (end-diastolic volume) x HR
e) preload x EDV

A

c)SV x HR

59
Q

heparin is a(n)

a) anticoagulant that works by inhibiting vitamin K
b) anti-platelet drug that inhibits prostaglandin formation
c) thrombolytic agent that activates tissue plasminogen activator
d) anticoagulant that works by inhibiting the activity of thrombin
e) anticoagulant that works by combining with calcium ions

A

d)anticoagulant that works by inhibiting the activity of thrombin

60
Q

hepatic production of coagluation factor II, VII, IX and X is inhibited by

a) sodium citrate
b) aspirin
c) heparin
d) coumadin
e) tPA

A

d)coumadin

61
Q

blood flow is

a) directly proportional to viscosity
b) directly proportional to the 4th power of the radius
c) directly proportional to the length of the vessel
d) creased with vasoconstriction

A

b)directly proportional to the 4th power of the radius

62
Q

A 49 year old women is brought to the ER and doctors suspect she has just had an ischemic stroke. which of the following substances can best achieve the thrombolytic therapy that may save her life or diminish her symptom?

a) aspirin
b) coumadin
c) heparin
d) calcium citrate
e) tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA)

A

e)tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA)

63
Q

HCN channels open in response to

a) any change in the membrane potential
b) hyperpolarization
c) decreased cAMP levels
d) binding epinephrine
e) depolarization

A

b)hyperpolarization

64
Q

the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin requires its enzymatic conversion directly by a substance known as

a) thromboplastin
b) activated factor X
c) fibrinogen
d) anti-hemophilic factor (factor VIII)
e) factor XIII (fibrin-stabilizing factor)

A

b)activated factor X

65
Q

pulmonary hypertension can result from

a) mitral valve stenosis
b) tricuspid valve prolapse
c) pulmonary valve stenosis
d) all of the above

A

a)mitral valve stenosis

66
Q

if blood hydrostatic pressure equals 15mm Hg, blood colloid osmotic pressure equals 20mm Hg, interstitial fluid osmotic pressure equals 0mm Hg, and interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure equals 3mm Hg, there will be a net

a) filtration pressure of 2mm Hg
b) reabsorption pressure of 2mm Hg
c) filtration pressure of 8mm Hg
d) reabsorption pressure of 8mm Hg
e) filtration pressure of 32mm Hg

A

d)reabsorption pressure of 8mm Hg

67
Q

the effect of a beta-1 agonist on the heart is a

1) positive chronotropic effect
2) negative chronotrophic effect
3) positive inotropic effect
4) negative inotropic effect
a) only 1
b) only 2
c) only 3
d) 2 and 4
e) 1 and 3

A

e)1 and 3

68
Q

the second heart sound (S2) can be heard during

a) the P wave
b) the QRS wave
c) the T wave
d) any of the waves on ECG

A

c)the T wave

69
Q

Consider the following parameters for the left ventricle. EDV=120ml and ESV=60ml which of the following statement is CORRECT?

a) this is right-sided congestive heart failure
b) this must be due to mitral valve stenosis
c) this person would have edema in their legs due to venous congestion
d) this may be due to the failure of the left ventricle
e) this person has a normal functioning heart

A

d)this may be due to the failure of the left ventricle

70
Q

on ECG, PR interval longer than 0.2sec is an indication of

a) sinus tachycardia c)ventricular tachycardia
b) type 1 AV block d)complete heart block

A

b)type 1 AV block

71
Q

which of the following does NOT increase cardiac output?

a) increased ejection fraction
b) increased venous return
c) increased mean arterial pressure
d) increased vasodilation

A

c)increased mean arterial pressure

72
Q

which of the following could cause active hyperemia?

a) low O2
b) high CO2
c) low pH
d) all of the above

A

d)all of the above

Human physiology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions