Exam 3 - Outliers Flashcards
1
Q
Bubonic Plague (lymph node infection)
A
Yersinia Pestis
2
Q
gram negative bacillus (family Enterobacteriaceae)
BSAT - Biological Select Agents and Toxins
A
Yersinia Pestis
3
Q
gram negative bacillus
BSAT - Biological Select Agents and Toxins
A
Yersinia Pestis (if family Enterobacteriaceae)
if not Enterobacteriaceae
Then it’s Francisella Tularensis (causes Tularemia)
Plague OR Tularemia
4
Q
plasminogen activator protease think….
A
Yersinia Pestis
5
Q
Enteric Fever (typhoid fever)
A
Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi
6
Q
Ulcerations
Typhoidal
Pneumonic
A
Francisella Tularensis
7
Q
degrades c3b and c5a - prevents opsonization and phagocytic migration
degrades fibrin clots - permits spread and necrosis
A
Plasminogen activator protease (via the microbe Yersinia pestis)
8
Q
transmitted by fleas
A
Yersinia pestis (black death / bubonic plague / pneumonic plague) Gram negative bacillus (family Enterobacteriaceae)
Rickettsia and Orienta
“atypical” small coccobacilli, obligate intracellular parasite
9
Q
beta hemolytic colonies
A
Staphylococcus aureus
OR
Steptococcus pyogenes, group A
OR
Steptococcus dysgalatctiae and Steptococcus anginosus
(probably one of the first two probably not worth committing to memory these last two)
10
Q
alpha hemolytic colonies
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
OR
Viridans streptococci (associated with various low-frequency diseases (abscesses, bacteremia and endocarditis, dental caries, etc)
11
Q
Otitis Media
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae (40% of all cases) Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis (3rd most common cause of otitis media and sinusitis in children)
12
Q
meningitis
A
Group B Streptococcus (neonates get meningitis and pneumonitis from vaginal flora)
Streptococcus pneumoniae (#1 cause of pneumonia, but also major cause of meningitis especially patients OLDER THAN 10 Y/O)
Haemophilus influenzae (Fulminating meningitis (HIB) in unvaccinated CHILDREN under 3 y/o and the ELDERLY via SUBMUCOSA of NASOPHARNYX)
Neisseria meningitidis (#2 cause of meningitis in SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN and COLLEGE STUDENTS)
Listeria monocytogenes (ENCEPHALOMENINGITIS)
13
Q
IgA protease
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae OR Haemophilus influenzae OR Neisseria meningitidis
14
Q
Necrotizing fascitis
A
Streptococcus pyogenes, group A (#1 cause)
Vibrio vulnificus
Aeromonas spp. (also gastroenteritis and dysentery like)
15
Q
which two can be identified by testing CSF:
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
16
Q
Nosocomial or one of the top causes of hospital infections
A
Enterococcus faecalis (gram + in chains post surgery and occasionally causes bacteremia)
Escherichia coli (UTI’s catheterization)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram - bacillius) - more tissue infection than pulmonary (except in cystic fibrosis patients)
Acinetobacter baumannii (gram neg bacillus)
ALSO THE 6 listed under microbe 19 (Enterobacteriaceae of significance)
17
Q
cystic fibrosis think….
A
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
18
Q
burn patient with bacteremia and UTI
A
Enterobacter, spp
19
Q
burn-wound and UTI alone
A
Providencia spp.
20
Q
VIETNAM, afghanistan and Iraq and nosocomial
A
Acinetobacter baumannii (gram neg bacillus)
21
Q
undulant fever in humans
A
Brucella melitensis and B. abortus
22
Q
Describe Staphylococcus Aureus and the 8 things he added to the summary sheet about it
A
- coagulase positive
- MRSA
- invasive tissue infections, e.g. skin and tissue infections (invasive enzymes and toxins)
- food poisoning (pre-formed enterotoxin (EXO))
- Toxic Shock Syndrome (toxin)
- Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) (scalded skin synddrome) (toxin)
- septicemia / bacteremia
- bone/joint infection
(COMPARE WITH SKETCHY)
23
Q
coagulase negative staph, CNS — normal skin flora; endocarditis
A
Staphylococcus epidermidis
24
Q
UTI in women of childbearing age
A
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
25
massive diarrhea (toxin)
Vibrio cholerae (curved bacilli)
26
Describe Streptococcus pyogenes, group A and the major things he added to the summary sheet about it
Invasive tissue infections (invasive enzymes and toxins)
- --impetigo, cellulitis, ersipeleas; scarlet fever -- erythrogenic
- --necrotizing fasciitis (strep gangrene, invasive cellulitis, "flesh-eating bateria") and streptococcal toxin shock syndrome (highly invasive enzymes and toxins)
Acute exudative pharyngitis -- post streptococcal complications -- rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis
27
pneumonitis and meningitis in neonates from vaginal flora
Group B Streptococcus
28
pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis; meningitis
Streptococcus pneumonieae (capsule, IgA protease)
29
bacteremia, nosocomial/ surgical wounds and UTI (multi-drug resistance)
Enterococcus faecalis
30
gastroenteritis from contaminated shellfish
Vibrio parahemolyticus
31
Vibrio cholerae (curved bacilli)
massive diarrhea (toxin)
32
septicemia, severe cellulitis, gastroenteritis
Raw uncooked seafood
severe cellulitis due to seawater
Vibrio vulnificus
33
gastroenteritis, especially from contaminated chicken or raw milk
Campylobacter jejuni (microaerophlic, curved bacilli)
34
Gram-positive cocci
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Enterococcus
35
Gram-negative cocci
```
Neisseria
Moraxella (elongated)
```
36
Gram-positive bacilli
Corynebacterium (aerobic, non-sporeforming)
Listeria monocytogenes (aerobic, non-sporeforming)
Bacillus (aerobic, sporeforming)
Clostridium (anaerobic, sporeforming)
37
Special Culture or Exam Required (nonstaining by Gram’s method)
CCLMMR
Coxiella (ELISA, PCR)
Chlamydia (ELISA, PCR)
Legionella (immunodiagnostic)
Mycobacterium (acid-fast stain, PCR, special culture)
Mycoplasma (ELISA / EIA or special culture)
Rickettsia (immunodiagnostic)
38
Special Culture or Exam Required (nonstaining by Gram’s method)
Mycobacterium = ?
(acid-fast stain, PCR, special culture)
39
Special Culture or Exam Required (nonstaining by Gram’s method)
Chlamydia = ?
(ELISA, PCR)
40
What's the Special Culture or Exam Required (nonstaining by Gram’s method) for the following:
Mycoplasma
(ELISA / EIA or special culture)
41
What's the Special Culture or Exam Required (nonstaining by Gram’s method) for the following:
Legionella
(immunodiagnostic)
42
What's the Special Culture or Exam Required (nonstaining by Gram’s method) for the following:
Rickettsia
(immunodiagnostic)
43
What's the Special Culture or Exam Required (nonstaining by Gram’s method) for the following:
Coxiella
(ELISA, PCR)
44
What's the Special Culture or Exam Required (nonstaining by Gram’s method) for the following:
Treponema
(immunodiagnostics, immunofluorescence microscopy)( darkfield)
45
What's the Special Culture or Exam Required (nonstaining by Gram’s method) for the following:
Trichomonas
(protozoa, wet prep. microscopy)
46
Gram-negative bacilli (enteric only)
```
Escherichia - enteric
Klebsiella - enteric
Enterobacter - enteric
Salmonella - enteric
Shigella - enteric
Proteus - enteric
Providencia - enteric
```
47
Gram-negative bacilli (non-enteric)
```
Vibrio (curved)
Campylobacter (curved, microaerophilic)
Helicobacter (curved)
Haemophilus
Pseudomonas
Aeromonas
Plesiomonas
Acinetobacter
Bacteroides (anaerobic)
Brucella
Yersinia
Francisella
Bordetella
Burkholderia
```
48
· gastroenteritis (diarrhea), esp. from contaminated poultry (chicken) and reptiles (turtles, salamanders)
· invasion of intestinal mucous membrane but w/o significant deeper invasion or bloodstream invasion
Salmonella enteritidis (Antigenic types B and D predominate in USA)
49
· initial invasion and multiplication w/in intestinal membrane followed by invasion of bloodstream
· invasion/localization in gallbladder, spleen, liver, bones
Salmonella typhi -- typhoid fever
50
· dysentery (bacillary dysentery, shigellosis) - invasion of intestinal epithelial cells with sloughing and bleeding
· exotoxin produced by some strains
· endotoxins stimulate some disease responses
Shigella (Antigenic groups D and B predominate in USA)
51
· urinary tract infections (adherence and colonization)
· ETEC (severe watery diarrhea due to cholera-like enterotoxins, esp. in travelers)
· EHEC (hemorrhagic colitis; enteroinvasive - invasion of intestinal epithelium, dysentery/bloody diarrhea, shiga-toxins, endotoxin)
may cause hemolytic uremic syndrome; predominantly due to serotype O157:H7
Escherichia coli (genes for most toxins on plasmids) -- normal fecal flora
52
· tuberculosis (pulmonary and/or disseminated)
primary TB -- mild/asymptomatic -- skin test pos; chest x-ray neg; no sputum produced
-----tubercle bacteria survive macrophage and in lymph nodes
-----CMI slows growth and causes inflammation; bacteria contained w/in tubercles; disease remains latent/dormant possibly for years
secondary TB -- clinical TB -- skin test pos, x-ray pos, sputum pos
-----CMI fails to contain growth; tubercles (Ghon complex) necrotic; enlarge and rupture into airways and blood vessels
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (acid fast bacillus) -- use 3-5 drugs to overcome multi-drug resistance
53
pulmonary lesions and lymphadenitis; esp. in AIDS patients; resistant to many antituberculosis drugs
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex --
54
meningitis in unvaccinated young children (HIB), epiglottitis, otitis media
Haemophilus influenzae --
55
chancroid (Asia)
Haemophilus ducreyi –
56
-- meningococcal meningitis (primarily in ages 4-40; outbreaks in school settings)
Neisseria meningitis
57
-- (urethritis, endocervicitis); septic arthritis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
58
-- atypical bacteria, tissue cell culture; lab diagnosis by Ag detection
· STD “non-gonococcal urethritis/cervicitis” ; Trachoma-Inclusion Conjunctivitis
Chlamydia trachomatis
59
mild pneumonia, bronchitis; atherosclerosis
Chlamydia pneumoniae –
60
· primary atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae -- atypical bacteria, not cultured on typical agar media; lab diagnosis by Ag or Ab detection
61
(atypical, obligate intracellular parasites) -- ID by antigen or antibody detection from blood or biopsy
· Rocky Mountain spotted fever; Epidemic Typhus– headache, fever, pain, rash
· R. rickettsii, R. prowazekii (others) -- species specific and vector specific
Rickettsia
62
– food poisoning, meningitis
Listeria monocytogenes
63
– anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
64
-- anaerobic, food poisoning, gangrene
Clostridium perfringens
65
-- anaerobic, botulism from food poisoning (pre-formed toxin)
Clostridium botulinum
66
-- anaerobic, antibiotic associated diarrhea (pseudomembranous colitis)
Clostridium difficile
67
-- anaerobic, tetanus (neurotoxin)
Clostridium tetani
68
-- anaerobic, deep abscesses, aspiration pneumonia, empyema
Bacteroides fragilis
69
-- opportunistic nosocomial pathogen, wound infections; resistant to many antibiotics
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
70
-- opportunistic pneumonia
Klebsiella pneumoniae or Legionella
71
-- opportunistic bacteremia, UTI, esp. in burn patients
Enterobacter
72
-- nosocomial UTI and wound infections
Proteus
73
-- opportunistic and nosocomial burn wound and UTI
Providencia
74
-- opportunistic pneumonia
Legionella or Klebsiella
75
-- peptic ulcers
Helicobacter pylori
76
-- pertussis (whooping cough)
Bordetella pertussis
77
-- diphtheria
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
78
(coagulase positive) (MRSA)
· invasive tissue infections, e.g. skin and tissue infections (invasive enzymes and toxins)
· food poisoning (pre-formed enterotoxin)
· Toxic Shock Syndrome (toxin)
· Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) (scalded skin syndrome) ( toxin)
· septicemia / bacteremia
· bone / joint infection
Staphylococcus aureus
79
· invasive tissue infections (invasive enzymes and toxins)
impetigo, cellulitis, erysipelas; scarlet fever -- erythrogenic toxin
necrotizing fasciitis (strep gangrene, invasive cellulitis, “flesh-eating bacteria”) and streptococcal toxin shock syndrome (highly invasive enzymes and toxins)
· acute exudative pharyngitis --> post-streptococcal complications -- rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis
Streptococcus pyogenes, group A
80
Heat Stable Enterotoxins (Genes on plasmids)
Two Options:
Enterotoxic E. Coli (ETEC)
or
Staphylococcus aureus
(OR BOTULISM, BUT NOT SURE ABOUT PLASMIDS)
81
reverses ion transport in gut (alters intestinal permeability)
Cholera toxin produced (enterotoxic exotoxin) which is produced by....
Vibrio cholerae
82
Laboratory diagnosis - Special request for culture needed in the USA due to rarity and need for special media (alkaline and selective)
Vibrio cholerae
83
Selective culture media with antibiotics
Campylobacter jejuni
84
Requires enriched media (e.g. selective Supplemented Chocolate Agar) AND CO2
Only with chocolate agar AND CO2
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
85
Needs supplemented chocolate agar (not CO2)
Haemophilus influenzae
86
Flagella promote chemotaxis to colonize the intestine
Campylobacter jejuni
87
intracellular parasites (i.e. macrophages);
resists killing by superoxide and hydroxyl radicals
inhibits phagosome-lysosome activity;
flagella promote invasion; secretes various proteins
Legionella pneumophila
88
resists killing by superoxide and hydroxyl radicals
Legionella pneumophila
89
rheumatic fever
Streptococcus pyogenes, group A
90
Erythrogenic toxin -- scarlet fever rash
Streptococcus pyogenes, group A
91
Etiological agent of peptic ulcers -- causes chronic inflammatory lesions of the gastric mucus layer
Helicobacter pylori
92
Diagnostic testing
(1) Breath test to detect urease production
(2) Endoscopy and biopsy -- Culture requires microaerophilic environment and special growth media; DNA probe
Helicobacter pylori
a. Curved gram-negative bacillus
93
urease
Helicobacter pylori
94
Ulcerations (2-3 days after exposure) - leads to glandular, nodular, lymph node involvement
Francisella tularensis
Transmitted by contact with infected tissues, blood, body fluids from ticks, deer flies, rabbits, cats, rodents, dried bodily fluids in blowing dust, etc.
95
(1) Causes upper respiratory tract infections, especially including otitis media and sinusitis in children (3rd most common cause)
(2) Causes bronchitis or pneumonia in children and adults (in the top 3-4 of causes).
Moraxella catarrhalis
ENDOTOXIN + COMPLEMENT RESISTANCE + BETA-LACTAMASE PRODUCTION
96
endotoxins, resistance to complement, beta-lactamase production (about 20% of strains)
ENDOTOXIN + COMPLEMENT RESISTANCE
Moraxella catarrhalis
ENDOTOXIN + COMPLEMENT RESISTANCE
Transmitted by contact with infected tissues, blood, body fluids from ticks, deer flies, rabbits, cats, rodents, dried bodily fluids in blowing dust, etc.
97
gram negative cocci in pairs
moraxella
| neisseria
98
(1) Major cause (#2) of meningitis
(2) Often causes secondary tissue necrosis (invasive)
(1) Antigenic groups A, B, C, W, and Y (B, C, and Y problematic)
(2) Predominates (#1) in school-age children and college students; some epidemics in schools and day care centers
(3) Sub-Saharan Africa noted for noted for thousands of cases each year
Neisseria meningitidis
a. Gram-negative cocci in pairs
99
Virulence factors
(1) Polysaccharide capsule - antiphagocytic
(2) Pili – tissue attachment and help resist phagocytosis
(3) Porin proteins – resist phagocytosis
(4) Lipooligosaccharide w/ Lipid A (i.e. endotoxin)
(5) IgA protease
(6) Disseminiated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Neisseria meningitidis
100
3 microbes with IgA protease?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
101
pili?
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
102
e. Virulence factors
(1) Type b polysaccharide capsule
(2) Fimbriae (pili) -- aid in attachment to epithelial cells
(3) IgA proteases
(4) Ciliostatic factor
Haemophilus influenzae
103
Encapsulated strains classify into six antigenic types: A, B, C, D, E, and F. Type B is the most virulent.
Haemophilus influenzae
104
Fulminating meningitis (HIB), in unvaccinated children less than 3 years old and in elderly -- Invades the submucosa of the nasopharynx and then systemically spread via the blood circulatory system
Haemophilus influenzae
105
Disseminiated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Neisseria meningitidis
106
urethitis in males
endothelial cell of urethra for men
Female -- endocervix and/or Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Chlamydia trachomatis
(most patients have both)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(1) Male – urethritis
(2) Female -- endocervix and/or Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Chlamydia trachomatis
Cervicitis in female, usually asymptomatic -- Often leads to salpingitis and infertility or acute pelvic inflammatory disease
107
```
Elementary Bodies (EB)
Reticulate Bodies (RB)
```
Chlamydia trachomatis
108
Cell structures
(1) Lipopolysaccharide – only weak endotoxin activity
(2) Major Outer Membrane Protein (MOMP) – the important structural component of cell wall
Chlamydia trachomatis
109
Inclusion conjunctivitis disease – a leading cause of blindness
Trachoma
| Chlamydia trachomatis
110
involvement of inguinal lymph nodes
Lymphogranuloma venereum
| Chlamydia trachomatis
111
walking pneumoniae AKA Primary Atypical Pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
112
Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes which type of pneumonia?
walking pneumoniae AKA Primary Atypical Pneumonia
113
bacteria invade epithelial cells of terminal portion of small intestines
Enteric Fever (Typhoid Fever) - Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi
114
O and H antigens
salmonella
115
in salmonella, which antigenic groups predominate?
B and D
116
frequent normal flora of poultry (turkeys and chickens), livestock, rodents, reptile (turtle)
salmonella
117
acute inflammatory reaction in the subepithelial tissue of intestinal mucous membranes
diarrhea (rarely bloody) and vomiting
acute gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella enteritidis
118
is typhoid fever acute?
how long are you a carrier?
where is it stored?
NO... it takes 10-14 days for fever, and 15-20 days for GI symptoms.
carrier state for 3 months in 5% of patients - gallbladder is where most bacilli are located in carriers
119
coliform =?
normal flora of the intestinal tract
120
three examples of coliform
normal flora of the intestinal tract
Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
121
aspiration pneumonia
Bacteroides fragiles
122
walking pneumonia "primary atypical pneumonia)
mycoplasma pneumoniae
123
Traveler's diarrhea
ETEC (entertoxic e. coli)
124
E. coli causing diarrhea withOUT mucus and blood
ETEC (enterotoxic E. coli) or traveler's diarrhea
125
E. coli causing diarrhea withOUT mucus and blood
ETEC or Enterotoxic E. coli
126
O157:H7
No fever, grossly bloody diarrhea and inflammation
EHEC
E Cola Burgers only $1.57
127
produces Shigella-like toxins (stx1, stx2)
High fever, profuse bloody diarrhea
EIEC
128
may cause hemolytic uremic syndrom (HUS) which is hemorrhage of kidney tissue
EHEC
129
dysentery or dysentery like
Shigella Dysenteria
EHEC
Aeromonas
Plesiomonas shigelloides
130
Gram negative bacillus, pleomorphic stains poorly (requires immunodiagnostic)
top 5 cases of pneumonia
Intercellular parasite; superoxide and hydroxyl radicals
Legionella pneumophilia
131
nosocomial infection in severely compromised
infrequently superficial wound or UTI
mucoid strains colonize URT of cystic fibrosis patients
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
gram negative bacilli
132
post traumatic wound abscess and septicemia (opportunistic)
Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq
Soil and water
gram negative bacillus
Acinetobacter baumannii
133
zoonotic disease
brucellosis via brucella
134
Bangs disease (spontaneous abortion in animals)
Undulant fever in humans
unpasteurized dairy or contact with animals
Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus
135
Intracellular pathogen
Ulcerations (2-3 days after exposure) - leads to glandular, nodular, lymph node involvement
Typhoidal (septicemia, systemic)
Pneumonic (sim to typical pneumonia)
transmitted by contact with infected tissues, blood, body fluids from ticks, deers, flies, rabbits, cats, rodents
Francisella tularensis
136
whooping cough
Bordetella pertussis
137
leading cause of bacterial pinkeye
conjunctivitis via Haemophilus influenzae
138
what are the virulence factors for Haemophilus influenza?
type b polysaccharide capsule
Fimbrae (pili)
IgA proteases
Ciliostatic factor
139
testing via CSF?
Haemophilus influenzae
OR
Streptococcus pneumonaie
140
epiglottitis
Haemophilus influenzae
141
lipooligosaccharide w/ Lipid A
Neisseria
142
Cattle MEANS ONE OF THESE THREE
Coxiella burnetti
Salmonella
Campylobacter jejuni
EHEC
143
Chickens --- one of three
Salmonella
Campylobacter jejuni
EHEC
144
Children under 10 account for 2/3 of cases
Shigella
145
predominantly children 5 -15 years of age and acute exudative pharyngitis
Streptococcus pyogenes, group A
146
#1 cause of necrotizing fasciitis
Streptococcus pyogenes, group A
147
school of fish arrangement
Haemophilus ducreyi
Gram negative coccobacillus (very, small, short rod)
148
small gram-negative coccobacillus, very slow growing
undulant fever in humans
joint pain
neuro symptoms
bone or join disease
Brucella melitensis and B. abortus
149
very small gram-negative bacillus; grows poorly in standard culture media
ulcerations lead to glandular, nodular, lymph node involvment
Francisella tularensis
150
Virulence factors of Francisella tularensis
intracellular pathogen; survives prolonged periods in macrophages
Antiphagocytic capsule; also protects from complement activity
Requires VERY STRONG immune response to control replication
151
Gram negative cocco-bacillus
Whooping cough
Bronchitis
Re-emerging pathogen
Virulence due to Pertussis toxin, thick capsule, and exudate
Bordetella pertussis
152
Gram-negative coccobacillus (very small, short rod)
Virulence factors:
Type b polysaccharide
Fimbrae (pili)
IgA proteases
Ciliostatic factor
Haemophilus influenze
153
Haemophilus influenze
Virulence factors?
Virulence factors:
Type b polysaccharide
Fimbrae (pili)
IgA proteases
Ciliostatic factor
154
All gram negative cocci are in what?
pairs
155
The coccobacillus?
Brucella melitensis and B. abortus
Bordatella pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae
(Rickettsia/O AND
Coxiella, but neither stain)
156
pneumonia and UTI
Klebsiella pneumoniae (gram neg bacillus)
157
bactermia and UTI, especially in burn patients
Enterobacter, spp. (gram neg bacillus)
158
UTI, wound
Proteus spp.
159
burn wound, UTI
Providencia
160
gasteroenteritis (cholera-like and dysentery-like) and cellulitis (rare necrotizing fasciitis)
Aeromonas spp.
161
diarrhea and occasional dysentery, especially after ingesting raw seafood;
sometimes can be invasive cellulitis, bacteremia, peritonitis, meningoencephalitis. Most are ABX resistant
Plesiomonas shigelloides
162
the MOST prevalent anaerobic bacteria (normal flora and pathogen) - normal microbiota of Gut and Oropharnyx
Bacteroides fragilis which is an etiologic agent off...
... aspiration pneumonia
empyema (about 30%)
lung abscess
deep wound abscess when contaminated with endogenous material
163
deep wound abscess when contaminated with endogenous material
Bacteroides fragilis
164
black scab = black eschar
cutaneous anthrax (papule leads to blister like vesicle leads to necrotic lesion with black scab or black eschar)
165
(papule leads to blister like vesicle leads to necrotic lesion with black scab or black eschar)
cutaneous anthrax
166
two types of anthrax?
which is more lethal?
pulmonary (60-100% mortality)
| cutaneous (20% mortality)
167
which pathogen will cause a widened mediastinum?
pulmonary anthrax from Bacillus anthracis
168
sub saharan Africa
| school age children / college / day care centers and schools
Neisseria meningitidis
169
Africa / SE Asia / India / C and S America
vibrio cholerae
170
sporadic mild gastorenteritis with bloody diarrhea, vomiting, fever
Yersinia entercolitica
invasive and necrotic to intestinal lining
invades PEYERS PATCHES and disseminates liver and spleen
possibly 90 days of shedding in stool
main transmission via contaminated pork, TOFU, water and milk
171
Yersinia entercolitica
causes what?
invasive and necrotic to?
invades what and disseminates where?
possibly 90 days of what?
main transmission?
causes what mild sporadic GE w/ bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and low fever
invasive and necrotic to intestinal lining
invades PEYERS PATCHES and disseminates liver and spleen
possibly 90 days of shedding in stool
main transmission via contaminated pork, TOFU, water and milk
172
most common dysentery?
Shigellosis or Bacillary dysentery --- enterocolitis syndrome from Shigella
173
12 hours or less toxin?
Salmonella enteritica Group B (most common in US)
174
Localization of bacteria in gallbladder, spleen, liver, and sometimes bones
Invades Peyer’s patches and disseminates to liver and spleen.
Disseminated (kidney, liver, testes, CNS) (((Rapid failure of Cell Mediated Immunity may lead to disseminated....)))
Enteric Fever (Typhoid fever) — Salmonella Typhi and Paratyph
Yersinia enterocolitica
Mycobacterium tubeculosis .... miliary
tuberculosis
175
WEEKS to onset
OR
WEEKS of being contageous
OR
WEEKS until increasing likelihood of acquiring or acquisition
Brucella - slow growing 2 weeks to 2 months to grow.... disease onset: 3 days to several weeks (small gram-neg cocco bacillus)
Salmonella typhi - ENTERIC FEVER / Typhoid fever - fever after 10 to 14 days, GI after 15-20 days of ingestion
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - symptoms after 1-3 weeks: durations of illness: often more than a month - (Atypical bacterium - no cell wall)
Rickettsia and Orientitia - abrupt onset, but LONG fever for 2-3 weeks (atypical bacteria -- small, coccobacilli, obligate intracellular parasites)
C. diff-- in 13% of patients with 2 weeks in hospital and 50% of patients with stays over 4 weeks
176
which gram stain or morphology typically always has an endotoxin
Gram negative
177
Deep wound abscess with anaerobe and ENDOGENOUS vs EXOGENOUS?
Endogenous material = Bacteroides fragiles
Exogenous material = Clostridium
178
number 2 cause of pneumonia?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
179
pseudomembranous?
Gram-positive bacilli spore forming with PSEDUOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS = Clostridium difficile
Gram-positive bacilli, aerobic, non sporeforming with PSEUDOMEMBRANE in the THROAT = Corynebacterium diptheriae (affects myocardium)
180
Edema Toxin and Lethal toxin
Bacillus anthracis
181
Easily areosolized (spores)
Highly infectious
Phagocytic cells carry spores to lymph nodes
flu-like; fever, malaise, mild chest discomfort --> leading to
widened mediastinum from the microbe
Bacillus anthracis
182
few spores to cause disease in anthrax?
NO... 8k to 10k to establish infection!
183
septic arthritis
Staphylococcus aureus
OR
Neisseria gonorrhea
184
if you do an oxidation reduction reaction... you are going to REDUCE an anaerobe like...
Clostridium or Bacteroides fragiles
185
degrades fibrin clots
degrades c3b and c5a - prevents opsonization and migration
(plasminogen activator protease)
Yersinia pestis
186
coccobacillus is one of these (5):
Brucella
Coxiella burnetti
Haemophilus influenzae
Rickettsia and Orientitia
Bordatella pertussis
187
7 biological threat agents?
BBCCEFP
Brucella melitensis and B. abortus
Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium botulinum
Coxiella burnetti
Epidemic typhis - classical typhi - R. prowazekki
Franciscella tularensis
Plague - Yersinia pestis
188
Brucella melitensis and B. abortus
Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium botulinum
Coxiella burnetti
Epidemic typhis - classical typhi - R. prowazekki
Franciscella tularensis
Plague - Yersinia pestis
7 biological threat agents?
189
top 3 bronchitis?
1. Bordatella pertussis
2. Moraxella catarhallis
3. Chlamydia pneumoniae
190
top 3 of diarrhea ?
Asia: Vibrio cholerae
N America / Europe - Campylobacter, Salmonella enteritidis
191
Bio threat agents- 7 total
BBCCEFU
Bacillus anthracis
Brucellosis melitinsis and abortus - bangs disease into
Clostridium botulism
Coxiella burnetti - Q fever
Epidemic Typhus - R. Prowazekki - classical typhus
Franciscella tularensis - tularemia
Yersinia pestis - plague
192
Top 6 Meningitis
```
Strep pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis (#1 in school age and college)
H. influenzae (fulminating)
Group B strep (neonates)
Listeria (meningoencephalitis)
Plesiomonas shigelloides (enchephalo)
```
193
Beta-lactamase
Moraxellia catarrhalis
Staphylococcus aureus
Neisseria gonorrhea
Haemophilus influenzae
194
Peyers Patches (liver and spleen)
Yersinia entercolitcus (enteric)
195
Epiglotitis (only one mentioned)
Laryngitis (only one mentioned)
H. Influenzae
196
Strep pyogenes, group A virulence factors?
Numerous invasive enzymes and toxins
Capsule of hyaluronic acid appears similar to 'self' Ag to host defenses
antiphagocytic, M protein
Erythrogenic toxin
Streptolysin O and S
197
Toxic Shock Syndrome is what mediated?
plasma and prevalent in Staph aureus
198
Major Out Membrane Protein (MOMP)
Chlaymydia trachomatis
199
Neisseria gonorrhea virulence factors?
Beta lactamase
Pili
Porin proteins
Lipooligosaccharide w Lipid A (endotoxin)
200
initially a localized red rash, often following conjuctivitis or URI
FLacid bullae that ruptures sheets of epidermis.... revealing dermis
Bullae no live bacteria inside
TENS
(toxic epidermal necrolysis)
from Staph aureus
201
two atypical pneumonias?
atypical number 1 and 2
```
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (basic training)
Chlamydia pneumoniae
```
202
thick capsule
Bordatella pertussis
