Exam 3 - Outliers Flashcards
Bubonic Plague (lymph node infection)
Yersinia Pestis
gram negative bacillus (family Enterobacteriaceae)
BSAT - Biological Select Agents and Toxins
Yersinia Pestis
gram negative bacillus
BSAT - Biological Select Agents and Toxins
Yersinia Pestis (if family Enterobacteriaceae)
if not Enterobacteriaceae
Then it’s Francisella Tularensis (causes Tularemia)
Plague OR Tularemia
plasminogen activator protease think….
Yersinia Pestis
Enteric Fever (typhoid fever)
Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi
Ulcerations
Typhoidal
Pneumonic
Francisella Tularensis
degrades c3b and c5a - prevents opsonization and phagocytic migration
degrades fibrin clots - permits spread and necrosis
Plasminogen activator protease (via the microbe Yersinia pestis)
transmitted by fleas
Yersinia pestis (black death / bubonic plague / pneumonic plague) Gram negative bacillus (family Enterobacteriaceae)
Rickettsia and Orienta
“atypical” small coccobacilli, obligate intracellular parasite
beta hemolytic colonies
Staphylococcus aureus
OR
Steptococcus pyogenes, group A
OR
Steptococcus dysgalatctiae and Steptococcus anginosus
(probably one of the first two probably not worth committing to memory these last two)
alpha hemolytic colonies
Streptococcus pneumoniae
OR
Viridans streptococci (associated with various low-frequency diseases (abscesses, bacteremia and endocarditis, dental caries, etc)
Otitis Media
Streptococcus pneumoniae (40% of all cases) Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis (3rd most common cause of otitis media and sinusitis in children)
meningitis
Group B Streptococcus (neonates get meningitis and pneumonitis from vaginal flora)
Streptococcus pneumoniae (#1 cause of pneumonia, but also major cause of meningitis especially patients OLDER THAN 10 Y/O)
Haemophilus influenzae (Fulminating meningitis (HIB) in unvaccinated CHILDREN under 3 y/o and the ELDERLY via SUBMUCOSA of NASOPHARNYX)
Neisseria meningitidis (#2 cause of meningitis in SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN and COLLEGE STUDENTS)
Listeria monocytogenes (ENCEPHALOMENINGITIS)
IgA protease
Streptococcus pneumoniae OR Haemophilus influenzae OR Neisseria meningitidis
Necrotizing fascitis
Streptococcus pyogenes, group A (#1 cause)
Vibrio vulnificus
Aeromonas spp. (also gastroenteritis and dysentery like)
which two can be identified by testing CSF:
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Nosocomial or one of the top causes of hospital infections
Enterococcus faecalis (gram + in chains post surgery and occasionally causes bacteremia)
Escherichia coli (UTI’s catheterization)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram - bacillius) - more tissue infection than pulmonary (except in cystic fibrosis patients)
Acinetobacter baumannii (gram neg bacillus)
ALSO THE 6 listed under microbe 19 (Enterobacteriaceae of significance)
cystic fibrosis think….
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
burn patient with bacteremia and UTI
Enterobacter, spp
burn-wound and UTI alone
Providencia spp.
VIETNAM, afghanistan and Iraq and nosocomial
Acinetobacter baumannii (gram neg bacillus)
undulant fever in humans
Brucella melitensis and B. abortus
Describe Staphylococcus Aureus and the 8 things he added to the summary sheet about it
- coagulase positive
- MRSA
- invasive tissue infections, e.g. skin and tissue infections (invasive enzymes and toxins)
- food poisoning (pre-formed enterotoxin (EXO))
- Toxic Shock Syndrome (toxin)
- Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) (scalded skin synddrome) (toxin)
- septicemia / bacteremia
- bone/joint infection
(COMPARE WITH SKETCHY)
coagulase negative staph, CNS — normal skin flora; endocarditis
Staphylococcus epidermidis
UTI in women of childbearing age
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
massive diarrhea (toxin)
Vibrio cholerae (curved bacilli)
Describe Streptococcus pyogenes, group A and the major things he added to the summary sheet about it
Invasive tissue infections (invasive enzymes and toxins)
- –impetigo, cellulitis, ersipeleas; scarlet fever – erythrogenic
- –necrotizing fasciitis (strep gangrene, invasive cellulitis, “flesh-eating bateria”) and streptococcal toxin shock syndrome (highly invasive enzymes and toxins)
Acute exudative pharyngitis – post streptococcal complications – rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis
pneumonitis and meningitis in neonates from vaginal flora
Group B Streptococcus
pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis; meningitis
Streptococcus pneumonieae (capsule, IgA protease)
bacteremia, nosocomial/ surgical wounds and UTI (multi-drug resistance)
Enterococcus faecalis
gastroenteritis from contaminated shellfish
Vibrio parahemolyticus
Vibrio cholerae (curved bacilli)
massive diarrhea (toxin)
septicemia, severe cellulitis, gastroenteritis
Raw uncooked seafood
severe cellulitis due to seawater
Vibrio vulnificus
gastroenteritis, especially from contaminated chicken or raw milk
Campylobacter jejuni (microaerophlic, curved bacilli)
Gram-positive cocci
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Enterococcus
Gram-negative cocci
Neisseria Moraxella (elongated)
Gram-positive bacilli
Corynebacterium (aerobic, non-sporeforming)
Listeria monocytogenes (aerobic, non-sporeforming)
Bacillus (aerobic, sporeforming)
Clostridium (anaerobic, sporeforming)
Special Culture or Exam Required (nonstaining by Gram’s method)
CCLMMR
Coxiella (ELISA, PCR)
Chlamydia (ELISA, PCR)
Legionella (immunodiagnostic)
Mycobacterium (acid-fast stain, PCR, special culture)
Mycoplasma (ELISA / EIA or special culture)
Rickettsia (immunodiagnostic)
Special Culture or Exam Required (nonstaining by Gram’s method)
Mycobacterium = ?
(acid-fast stain, PCR, special culture)
Special Culture or Exam Required (nonstaining by Gram’s method)
Chlamydia = ?
(ELISA, PCR)
What’s the Special Culture or Exam Required (nonstaining by Gram’s method) for the following:
Mycoplasma
(ELISA / EIA or special culture)
What’s the Special Culture or Exam Required (nonstaining by Gram’s method) for the following:
Legionella
(immunodiagnostic)
What’s the Special Culture or Exam Required (nonstaining by Gram’s method) for the following:
Rickettsia
(immunodiagnostic)
What’s the Special Culture or Exam Required (nonstaining by Gram’s method) for the following:
Coxiella
(ELISA, PCR)
What’s the Special Culture or Exam Required (nonstaining by Gram’s method) for the following:
Treponema
(immunodiagnostics, immunofluorescence microscopy)( darkfield)
What’s the Special Culture or Exam Required (nonstaining by Gram’s method) for the following:
Trichomonas
(protozoa, wet prep. microscopy)
Gram-negative bacilli (enteric only)
Escherichia - enteric Klebsiella - enteric Enterobacter - enteric Salmonella - enteric Shigella - enteric Proteus - enteric Providencia - enteric
Gram-negative bacilli (non-enteric)
Vibrio (curved) Campylobacter (curved, microaerophilic) Helicobacter (curved) Haemophilus Pseudomonas Aeromonas Plesiomonas Acinetobacter Bacteroides (anaerobic) Brucella Yersinia Francisella Bordetella Burkholderia
· gastroenteritis (diarrhea), esp. from contaminated poultry (chicken) and reptiles (turtles, salamanders)
· invasion of intestinal mucous membrane but w/o significant deeper invasion or bloodstream invasion
Salmonella enteritidis (Antigenic types B and D predominate in USA)
· initial invasion and multiplication w/in intestinal membrane followed by invasion of bloodstream
· invasion/localization in gallbladder, spleen, liver, bones
Salmonella typhi – typhoid fever
· dysentery (bacillary dysentery, shigellosis) - invasion of intestinal epithelial cells with sloughing and bleeding
· exotoxin produced by some strains
· endotoxins stimulate some disease responses
Shigella (Antigenic groups D and B predominate in USA)
· urinary tract infections (adherence and colonization)
· ETEC (severe watery diarrhea due to cholera-like enterotoxins, esp. in travelers)
· EHEC (hemorrhagic colitis; enteroinvasive - invasion of intestinal epithelium, dysentery/bloody diarrhea, shiga-toxins, endotoxin)
may cause hemolytic uremic syndrome; predominantly due to serotype O157:H7
Escherichia coli (genes for most toxins on plasmids) – normal fecal flora
· tuberculosis (pulmonary and/or disseminated)
primary TB – mild/asymptomatic – skin test pos; chest x-ray neg; no sputum produced
—–tubercle bacteria survive macrophage and in lymph nodes
—–CMI slows growth and causes inflammation; bacteria contained w/in tubercles; disease remains latent/dormant possibly for years
secondary TB – clinical TB – skin test pos, x-ray pos, sputum pos
—–CMI fails to contain growth; tubercles (Ghon complex) necrotic; enlarge and rupture into airways and blood vessels
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (acid fast bacillus) – use 3-5 drugs to overcome multi-drug resistance
pulmonary lesions and lymphadenitis; esp. in AIDS patients; resistant to many antituberculosis drugs
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex –
meningitis in unvaccinated young children (HIB), epiglottitis, otitis media
Haemophilus influenzae –
chancroid (Asia)
Haemophilus ducreyi –
– meningococcal meningitis (primarily in ages 4-40; outbreaks in school settings)
Neisseria meningitis
– (urethritis, endocervicitis); septic arthritis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
– atypical bacteria, tissue cell culture; lab diagnosis by Ag detection
· STD “non-gonococcal urethritis/cervicitis” ; Trachoma-Inclusion Conjunctivitis
Chlamydia trachomatis
mild pneumonia, bronchitis; atherosclerosis
Chlamydia pneumoniae –
· primary atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae – atypical bacteria, not cultured on typical agar media; lab diagnosis by Ag or Ab detection
(atypical, obligate intracellular parasites) – ID by antigen or antibody detection from blood or biopsy
· Rocky Mountain spotted fever; Epidemic Typhus– headache, fever, pain, rash
· R. rickettsii, R. prowazekii (others) – species specific and vector specific
Rickettsia
– food poisoning, meningitis
Listeria monocytogenes
– anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
– anaerobic, food poisoning, gangrene
Clostridium perfringens
– anaerobic, botulism from food poisoning (pre-formed toxin)
Clostridium botulinum
– anaerobic, antibiotic associated diarrhea (pseudomembranous colitis)
Clostridium difficile
– anaerobic, tetanus (neurotoxin)
Clostridium tetani
– anaerobic, deep abscesses, aspiration pneumonia, empyema
Bacteroides fragilis
– opportunistic nosocomial pathogen, wound infections; resistant to many antibiotics
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
– opportunistic pneumonia
Klebsiella pneumoniae or Legionella
– opportunistic bacteremia, UTI, esp. in burn patients
Enterobacter
– nosocomial UTI and wound infections
Proteus
– opportunistic and nosocomial burn wound and UTI
Providencia
– opportunistic pneumonia
Legionella or Klebsiella
– peptic ulcers
Helicobacter pylori
– pertussis (whooping cough)
Bordetella pertussis
– diphtheria
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
(coagulase positive) (MRSA)
· invasive tissue infections, e.g. skin and tissue infections (invasive enzymes and toxins)
· food poisoning (pre-formed enterotoxin)
· Toxic Shock Syndrome (toxin)
· Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) (scalded skin syndrome) ( toxin)
· septicemia / bacteremia
· bone / joint infection
Staphylococcus aureus
· invasive tissue infections (invasive enzymes and toxins)
impetigo, cellulitis, erysipelas; scarlet fever – erythrogenic toxin
necrotizing fasciitis (strep gangrene, invasive cellulitis, “flesh-eating bacteria”) and streptococcal toxin shock syndrome (highly invasive enzymes and toxins)
· acute exudative pharyngitis –> post-streptococcal complications – rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis
Streptococcus pyogenes, group A
Heat Stable Enterotoxins (Genes on plasmids)
Two Options:
Enterotoxic E. Coli (ETEC)
or
Staphylococcus aureus
(OR BOTULISM, BUT NOT SURE ABOUT PLASMIDS)
reverses ion transport in gut (alters intestinal permeability)
Cholera toxin produced (enterotoxic exotoxin) which is produced by….
Vibrio cholerae
Laboratory diagnosis - Special request for culture needed in the USA due to rarity and need for special media (alkaline and selective)
Vibrio cholerae
Selective culture media with antibiotics
Campylobacter jejuni
Requires enriched media (e.g. selective Supplemented Chocolate Agar) AND CO2
Only with chocolate agar AND CO2
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Needs supplemented chocolate agar (not CO2)
Haemophilus influenzae
Flagella promote chemotaxis to colonize the intestine
Campylobacter jejuni
intracellular parasites (i.e. macrophages);
resists killing by superoxide and hydroxyl radicals
inhibits phagosome-lysosome activity;
flagella promote invasion; secretes various proteins
Legionella pneumophila
resists killing by superoxide and hydroxyl radicals
Legionella pneumophila
rheumatic fever
Streptococcus pyogenes, group A
Erythrogenic toxin – scarlet fever rash
Streptococcus pyogenes, group A
Etiological agent of peptic ulcers – causes chronic inflammatory lesions of the gastric mucus layer
Helicobacter pylori
Diagnostic testing
(1) Breath test to detect urease production
(2) Endoscopy and biopsy – Culture requires microaerophilic environment and special growth media; DNA probe
Helicobacter pylori
a. Curved gram-negative bacillus
urease
Helicobacter pylori
Ulcerations (2-3 days after exposure) - leads to glandular, nodular, lymph node involvement
Francisella tularensis
Transmitted by contact with infected tissues, blood, body fluids from ticks, deer flies, rabbits, cats, rodents, dried bodily fluids in blowing dust, etc.
(1) Causes upper respiratory tract infections, especially including otitis media and sinusitis in children (3rd most common cause)
(2) Causes bronchitis or pneumonia in children and adults (in the top 3-4 of causes).
Moraxella catarrhalis
ENDOTOXIN + COMPLEMENT RESISTANCE + BETA-LACTAMASE PRODUCTION
endotoxins, resistance to complement, beta-lactamase production (about 20% of strains)
ENDOTOXIN + COMPLEMENT RESISTANCE
Moraxella catarrhalis
ENDOTOXIN + COMPLEMENT RESISTANCE
Transmitted by contact with infected tissues, blood, body fluids from ticks, deer flies, rabbits, cats, rodents, dried bodily fluids in blowing dust, etc.
gram negative cocci in pairs
moraxella
neisseria
(1) Major cause (#2) of meningitis
(2) Often causes secondary tissue necrosis (invasive)
(1) Antigenic groups A, B, C, W, and Y (B, C, and Y problematic)
(2) Predominates (#1) in school-age children and college students; some epidemics in schools and day care centers
(3) Sub-Saharan Africa noted for noted for thousands of cases each year
Neisseria meningitidis
a. Gram-negative cocci in pairs
Virulence factors
(1) Polysaccharide capsule - antiphagocytic
(2) Pili – tissue attachment and help resist phagocytosis
(3) Porin proteins – resist phagocytosis
(4) Lipooligosaccharide w/ Lipid A (i.e. endotoxin)
(5) IgA protease
(6) Disseminiated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Neisseria meningitidis
3 microbes with IgA protease?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
pili?
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
e. Virulence factors
(1) Type b polysaccharide capsule
(2) Fimbriae (pili) – aid in attachment to epithelial cells
(3) IgA proteases
(4) Ciliostatic factor
Haemophilus influenzae
Encapsulated strains classify into six antigenic types: A, B, C, D, E, and F. Type B is the most virulent.
Haemophilus influenzae
Fulminating meningitis (HIB), in unvaccinated children less than 3 years old and in elderly – Invades the submucosa of the nasopharynx and then systemically spread via the blood circulatory system
Haemophilus influenzae
Disseminiated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Neisseria meningitidis
urethitis in males
endothelial cell of urethra for men
Female – endocervix and/or Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Chlamydia trachomatis
(most patients have both)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(1) Male – urethritis
(2) Female – endocervix and/or Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Chlamydia trachomatis
Cervicitis in female, usually asymptomatic – Often leads to salpingitis and infertility or acute pelvic inflammatory disease
Elementary Bodies (EB) Reticulate Bodies (RB)
Chlamydia trachomatis
Cell structures
(1) Lipopolysaccharide – only weak endotoxin activity
(2) Major Outer Membrane Protein (MOMP) – the important structural component of cell wall
Chlamydia trachomatis
Inclusion conjunctivitis disease – a leading cause of blindness
Trachoma
Chlamydia trachomatis
involvement of inguinal lymph nodes
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Chlamydia trachomatis
walking pneumoniae AKA Primary Atypical Pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes which type of pneumonia?
walking pneumoniae AKA Primary Atypical Pneumonia
bacteria invade epithelial cells of terminal portion of small intestines
Enteric Fever (Typhoid Fever) - Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi
O and H antigens
salmonella
in salmonella, which antigenic groups predominate?
B and D
frequent normal flora of poultry (turkeys and chickens), livestock, rodents, reptile (turtle)
salmonella
acute inflammatory reaction in the subepithelial tissue of intestinal mucous membranes
diarrhea (rarely bloody) and vomiting
acute gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella enteritidis
is typhoid fever acute?
how long are you a carrier?
where is it stored?
NO… it takes 10-14 days for fever, and 15-20 days for GI symptoms.
carrier state for 3 months in 5% of patients - gallbladder is where most bacilli are located in carriers
coliform =?
normal flora of the intestinal tract
three examples of coliform
normal flora of the intestinal tract
Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter
aspiration pneumonia
Bacteroides fragiles
walking pneumonia “primary atypical pneumonia)
mycoplasma pneumoniae
Traveler’s diarrhea
ETEC (entertoxic e. coli)
E. coli causing diarrhea withOUT mucus and blood
ETEC (enterotoxic E. coli) or traveler’s diarrhea
E. coli causing diarrhea withOUT mucus and blood
ETEC or Enterotoxic E. coli
O157:H7
No fever, grossly bloody diarrhea and inflammation
EHEC
E Cola Burgers only $1.57
produces Shigella-like toxins (stx1, stx2)
High fever, profuse bloody diarrhea
EIEC
may cause hemolytic uremic syndrom (HUS) which is hemorrhage of kidney tissue
EHEC
dysentery or dysentery like
Shigella Dysenteria
EHEC
Aeromonas
Plesiomonas shigelloides
Gram negative bacillus, pleomorphic stains poorly (requires immunodiagnostic)
top 5 cases of pneumonia
Intercellular parasite; superoxide and hydroxyl radicals
Legionella pneumophilia
nosocomial infection in severely compromised
infrequently superficial wound or UTI
mucoid strains colonize URT of cystic fibrosis patients
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
gram negative bacilli
post traumatic wound abscess and septicemia (opportunistic)
Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq
Soil and water
gram negative bacillus
Acinetobacter baumannii
zoonotic disease
brucellosis via brucella
Bangs disease (spontaneous abortion in animals)
Undulant fever in humans
unpasteurized dairy or contact with animals
Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus
Intracellular pathogen
Ulcerations (2-3 days after exposure) - leads to glandular, nodular, lymph node involvement
Typhoidal (septicemia, systemic)
Pneumonic (sim to typical pneumonia)
transmitted by contact with infected tissues, blood, body fluids from ticks, deers, flies, rabbits, cats, rodents
Francisella tularensis
whooping cough
Bordetella pertussis
leading cause of bacterial pinkeye
conjunctivitis via Haemophilus influenzae
what are the virulence factors for Haemophilus influenza?
type b polysaccharide capsule
Fimbrae (pili)
IgA proteases
Ciliostatic factor
testing via CSF?
Haemophilus influenzae
OR
Streptococcus pneumonaie
epiglottitis
Haemophilus influenzae
lipooligosaccharide w/ Lipid A
Neisseria
Cattle MEANS ONE OF THESE THREE
Coxiella burnetti
Salmonella
Campylobacter jejuni
EHEC
Chickens — one of three
Salmonella
Campylobacter jejuni
EHEC
Children under 10 account for 2/3 of cases
Shigella
predominantly children 5 -15 years of age and acute exudative pharyngitis
Streptococcus pyogenes, group A
1 cause of necrotizing fasciitis
Streptococcus pyogenes, group A
school of fish arrangement
Haemophilus ducreyi
Gram negative coccobacillus (very, small, short rod)
small gram-negative coccobacillus, very slow growing
undulant fever in humans
joint pain
neuro symptoms
bone or join disease
Brucella melitensis and B. abortus
very small gram-negative bacillus; grows poorly in standard culture media
ulcerations lead to glandular, nodular, lymph node involvment
Francisella tularensis
Virulence factors of Francisella tularensis
intracellular pathogen; survives prolonged periods in macrophages
Antiphagocytic capsule; also protects from complement activity
Requires VERY STRONG immune response to control replication
Gram negative cocco-bacillus
Whooping cough
Bronchitis
Re-emerging pathogen
Virulence due to Pertussis toxin, thick capsule, and exudate
Bordetella pertussis
Gram-negative coccobacillus (very small, short rod)
Virulence factors:
Type b polysaccharide
Fimbrae (pili)
IgA proteases
Ciliostatic factor
Haemophilus influenze
Haemophilus influenze
Virulence factors?
Virulence factors:
Type b polysaccharide
Fimbrae (pili)
IgA proteases
Ciliostatic factor
All gram negative cocci are in what?
pairs
The coccobacillus?
Brucella melitensis and B. abortus
Bordatella pertussis
Haemophilus influenzae
(Rickettsia/O AND
Coxiella, but neither stain)
pneumonia and UTI
Klebsiella pneumoniae (gram neg bacillus)
bactermia and UTI, especially in burn patients
Enterobacter, spp. (gram neg bacillus)
UTI, wound
Proteus spp.
burn wound, UTI
Providencia
gasteroenteritis (cholera-like and dysentery-like) and cellulitis (rare necrotizing fasciitis)
Aeromonas spp.
diarrhea and occasional dysentery, especially after ingesting raw seafood;
sometimes can be invasive cellulitis, bacteremia, peritonitis, meningoencephalitis. Most are ABX resistant
Plesiomonas shigelloides
the MOST prevalent anaerobic bacteria (normal flora and pathogen) - normal microbiota of Gut and Oropharnyx
Bacteroides fragilis which is an etiologic agent off…
… aspiration pneumonia
empyema (about 30%)
lung abscess
deep wound abscess when contaminated with endogenous material
deep wound abscess when contaminated with endogenous material
Bacteroides fragilis
black scab = black eschar
cutaneous anthrax (papule leads to blister like vesicle leads to necrotic lesion with black scab or black eschar)
(papule leads to blister like vesicle leads to necrotic lesion with black scab or black eschar)
cutaneous anthrax
two types of anthrax?
which is more lethal?
pulmonary (60-100% mortality)
cutaneous (20% mortality)
which pathogen will cause a widened mediastinum?
pulmonary anthrax from Bacillus anthracis
sub saharan Africa
school age children / college / day care centers and schools
Neisseria meningitidis
Africa / SE Asia / India / C and S America
vibrio cholerae
sporadic mild gastorenteritis with bloody diarrhea, vomiting, fever
Yersinia entercolitica
invasive and necrotic to intestinal lining
invades PEYERS PATCHES and disseminates liver and spleen
possibly 90 days of shedding in stool
main transmission via contaminated pork, TOFU, water and milk
Yersinia entercolitica
causes what?
invasive and necrotic to?
invades what and disseminates where?
possibly 90 days of what?
main transmission?
causes what mild sporadic GE w/ bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and low fever
invasive and necrotic to intestinal lining
invades PEYERS PATCHES and disseminates liver and spleen
possibly 90 days of shedding in stool
main transmission via contaminated pork, TOFU, water and milk
most common dysentery?
Shigellosis or Bacillary dysentery — enterocolitis syndrome from Shigella
12 hours or less toxin?
Salmonella enteritica Group B (most common in US)
Localization of bacteria in gallbladder, spleen, liver, and sometimes bones
Invades Peyer’s patches and disseminates to liver and spleen.
Disseminated (kidney, liver, testes, CNS) (((Rapid failure of Cell Mediated Immunity may lead to disseminated….)))
Enteric Fever (Typhoid fever) — Salmonella Typhi and Paratyph
Yersinia enterocolitica
Mycobacterium tubeculosis …. miliary
tuberculosis
WEEKS to onset
OR
WEEKS of being contageous
OR
WEEKS until increasing likelihood of acquiring or acquisition
Brucella - slow growing 2 weeks to 2 months to grow…. disease onset: 3 days to several weeks (small gram-neg cocco bacillus)
Salmonella typhi - ENTERIC FEVER / Typhoid fever - fever after 10 to 14 days, GI after 15-20 days of ingestion
Mycoplasma pneumoniae - symptoms after 1-3 weeks: durations of illness: often more than a month - (Atypical bacterium - no cell wall)
Rickettsia and Orientitia - abrupt onset, but LONG fever for 2-3 weeks (atypical bacteria – small, coccobacilli, obligate intracellular parasites)
C. diff– in 13% of patients with 2 weeks in hospital and 50% of patients with stays over 4 weeks
which gram stain or morphology typically always has an endotoxin
Gram negative
Deep wound abscess with anaerobe and ENDOGENOUS vs EXOGENOUS?
Endogenous material = Bacteroides fragiles
Exogenous material = Clostridium
number 2 cause of pneumonia?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
pseudomembranous?
Gram-positive bacilli spore forming with PSEDUOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS = Clostridium difficile
Gram-positive bacilli, aerobic, non sporeforming with PSEUDOMEMBRANE in the THROAT = Corynebacterium diptheriae (affects myocardium)
Edema Toxin and Lethal toxin
Bacillus anthracis
Easily areosolized (spores)
Highly infectious
Phagocytic cells carry spores to lymph nodes
flu-like; fever, malaise, mild chest discomfort –> leading to
widened mediastinum from the microbe
Bacillus anthracis
few spores to cause disease in anthrax?
NO… 8k to 10k to establish infection!
septic arthritis
Staphylococcus aureus
OR
Neisseria gonorrhea
if you do an oxidation reduction reaction… you are going to REDUCE an anaerobe like…
Clostridium or Bacteroides fragiles
degrades fibrin clots
degrades c3b and c5a - prevents opsonization and migration
(plasminogen activator protease)
Yersinia pestis
coccobacillus is one of these (5):
Brucella
Coxiella burnetti
Haemophilus influenzae
Rickettsia and Orientitia
Bordatella pertussis
7 biological threat agents?
BBCCEFP
Brucella melitensis and B. abortus
Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium botulinum
Coxiella burnetti
Epidemic typhis - classical typhi - R. prowazekki
Franciscella tularensis
Plague - Yersinia pestis
Brucella melitensis and B. abortus
Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium botulinum
Coxiella burnetti
Epidemic typhis - classical typhi - R. prowazekki
Franciscella tularensis
Plague - Yersinia pestis
7 biological threat agents?
top 3 bronchitis?
- Bordatella pertussis
- Moraxella catarhallis
- Chlamydia pneumoniae
top 3 of diarrhea ?
Asia: Vibrio cholerae
N America / Europe - Campylobacter, Salmonella enteritidis
Bio threat agents- 7 total
BBCCEFU
Bacillus anthracis
Brucellosis melitinsis and abortus - bangs disease into
Clostridium botulism
Coxiella burnetti - Q fever
Epidemic Typhus - R. Prowazekki - classical typhus
Franciscella tularensis - tularemia
Yersinia pestis - plague
Top 6 Meningitis
Strep pneumoniae Neisseria meningitidis (#1 in school age and college) H. influenzae (fulminating) Group B strep (neonates) Listeria (meningoencephalitis) Plesiomonas shigelloides (enchephalo)
Beta-lactamase
Moraxellia catarrhalis
Staphylococcus aureus
Neisseria gonorrhea
Haemophilus influenzae
Peyers Patches (liver and spleen)
Yersinia entercolitcus (enteric)
Epiglotitis (only one mentioned)
Laryngitis (only one mentioned)
H. Influenzae
Strep pyogenes, group A virulence factors?
Numerous invasive enzymes and toxins
Capsule of hyaluronic acid appears similar to ‘self’ Ag to host defenses
antiphagocytic, M protein
Erythrogenic toxin
Streptolysin O and S
Toxic Shock Syndrome is what mediated?
plasma and prevalent in Staph aureus
Major Out Membrane Protein (MOMP)
Chlaymydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhea virulence factors?
Beta lactamase
Pili
Porin proteins
Lipooligosaccharide w Lipid A (endotoxin)
initially a localized red rash, often following conjuctivitis or URI
FLacid bullae that ruptures sheets of epidermis…. revealing dermis
Bullae no live bacteria inside
TENS
(toxic epidermal necrolysis)
from Staph aureus
two atypical pneumonias?
atypical number 1 and 2
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (basic training) Chlamydia pneumoniae
thick capsule
Bordatella pertussis
