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Micro 425 > Exam 3 (Non-Fermentive Gram- Bacilli....Glucose Oxidizers) > Flashcards

Exam 3 (Non-Fermentive Gram- Bacilli....Glucose Oxidizers) Flashcards

1
Q

Glucose is the major carbohydrate used by bacteria as a source of what:

A

Carbon, for cellular respiration

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2
Q

How is glucose used by bacteria as a carbon source for cellular respiration:

A

The energy released from the chemical bonds in glucose is used to produce ATP

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3
Q

Glucose can be metabolized to pyruvate via how many ways:

A

3 pathways (glycolysis)

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4
Q

What two glycolytic pathways are we focused on in this unit:

A

EMP

ED

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5
Q

T/F

EMP is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes:

A

True

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6
Q

Which pathway yields more ATP, EMP or ED?

A

EMP (2 ATP per 1 glucose)

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7
Q

Which glycolytic pathway is preferred by anaerobic bacteria and why:

A

EMP, it yields more ATP per glucose

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8
Q

Which glycolytic pathway is more commonly used by aerobic bacteria and why:

A

ED, requires less enzymatic protein to carry out glucose metabolism

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9
Q

Fermentation is synonymous with:

A

Anaerobic metabolism

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10
Q

Fermentation results from this type of reaction:

A

Oxidation-Reduction

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11
Q

Can fermentation occur in the presence of oxygen:

A

Yes, it just does not require it

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12
Q

These 3 things are produced from fermentation:

A

Mixed acid products
Alcohols
Gases

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13
Q

Fermentation is detected via _____ in the lab:

A

pH changes (color indicators)

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14
Q

This is defined as any process in which oxygen content of a compound is increased; any reaction in which the positive valence of a compound or a radical is increased because of a loss of electrons:

A

Aerobic Metabolism (oxidation)

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15
Q

Oxidation is synonymous with _______ metabolism:

A

aerobic

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16
Q

Oxidation results in what for acid formation and gas production:

A
  • weak acids formed

* no gas produced

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17
Q

T/F

Oxidation (aerobic metabolism) requires more sensitive detection systems:

A

True

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18
Q

This media is used to determine if Gram- bacteria metabolize carbohydrates oxidatively, by fermentation, or are asaccharolytic:

A

Hugh-Leifson OF media

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19
Q

What are bacteria called that have no ability to use carbohydrates:

A

asaccharolytic

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20
Q

Why does OF media have a decreased peptone concentration:

A

The decreased concentration minimizes formation of alkaline amines, which can mask small amounts of acid produced in oxidative (aerobic) metabolism.

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21
Q

OF media has ____ peptones, ______ carbohydrates, and uses_____ as its color pH indicator:

A
  • Decreased peptones
  • Increased carbohydrates
  • Bromthymol blue (blue/green–> yellow)
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22
Q

OF media testing requires ____ tubes, one that is ____ and one that is _____:

A

2 tubes

  • one open, loosely capped
  • one closed, mineral oil + tightly capped
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23
Q

OF media, yellow only in ‘open’ tube:

A

oxidative

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24
Q

OF media, yellow in both tubes:

A

fermentation OR

both fermentation/oxidation

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25
Q

OF media, no color change in either tube:

A

Asaccharolytic

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26
Q

What tube reaction(s) would you expect with OF media in an oxidative organism:

A

Color (pH) change in ‘open’ tube only

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27
Q

Non-fermentive Gram- bacilli (glucose oxidizers) grow on these 3 agars:

A

SBAP
CAP
MacConkey (clear colonies)

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28
Q

Are all non-fermentive Gram- bacilli glucose oxidizers?

A

No. Some are asaccharolytic

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29
Q

What is the optimal incubation temp and time for non-fermentive Gram- bacilli glucose oxidizers:

A

22-35 C

24-72 hours

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30
Q

Most non–fermentive Gram- bacilli glucose oxidizers are obligate ______:

A

aerobes

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31
Q

Should you do a Gram stain from MacConkey:

A

no

only SBAP or CAP

32
Q

List the organisms of the non-fermentive Gram- bacilli group:

A 
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Burkholderia cepacia
Burkholderia mallei
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Acinetobacter spp.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
33
Q

which two organisms are oxidase positive:

A

Pseudomonas

Burkolderia

34
Q

Which two organisms are oxidase negative:

A

Acinetobacter

Stenotrophomonas

35
Q

This organism can have mucoid and non-mucoid strains:

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

36
Q

Mucoid strains of Pseuodomas incubate ____, non-mucoid strains need up to ____ for growth:

A

Mucoid: 24 hour

Non-mucoid: up to 7 days for growth

37
Q

This organism has a flat spreading appearance on SBAP with serrated edges and green pigment and metallic sheen:

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

38
Q 
Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Glucose:
Oxidase:
MAC:
motility:
Incubation temp:
Odor:
Nosocomial:
A 
Glucose:  oxidizer
Oxidase:  +
MAC:   +  (w/ clear colonies)
motility:  Motile, polar flagella
Incubation temp:    42 C
Odor:   grape/corn tortilla
Nosocomial:  common cause
39
Q

List the 4 virulence factors for P. aeruginosa:

A
  • Exotoxin A
  • Alginate
  • Pyocyanin
  • pili
40
Q

This virulence factor of Pseudomonas inhibits protein synthesis in host cells:

A

Exotoxin A

41
Q

This virulence factor of Pseudomonas is a surface carb that impedes phagocytosis:

A

Alginate

42
Q

This virulence factor of Pseudomonas is a blue pigment that produces reactive oxygen species causing tissue damage:

A

Pyocyanin

43
Q

How do pili increase virulence of Pseudomonas:

A

All for better attachment to host cells

44
Q

What contributes to greenish color on SBAP with Pseudomonas:

A

Pyocyanin

45
Q

Does all Pseudomonas produce pyocyanin?

A

No. About 4% do not.

46
Q

List the 4 pigments associated with Pseudomonas:

A

Pyocyanin (blue/green)
Pyoverdin (yellow fluorescein)
Pyorubin (red)
Pyomelanin (brown)

47
Q

This pigment helps the bacteria obtain iron from the environment, important for its’ metabolism:

A

Pyoverdin

48
Q

This pigment helps microbes better survive oxidative stress, promoting survival in lungs:

A

Pyomelanin

49
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to —– and susceptible to::

A

R: Penicillin and Ampicillin
S: Aminoglycosides, carbapenems, quinolones, extended spectrum penicillins

50
Q

T/F

Burholderia cepacia complex is resistant to Colistin:

A

True

51
Q

This is the most common cause of lung infection in CF patients in third decade of life:

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

52
Q

Which two organisms are the most common cause of lung infection in CF patients in first decade of life:

A

Staph aureus

Haemophilus influenzae

53
Q

T/F

Burkholderia cepacia can spread person to person and can survive on medical devices:

A

True.

54
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to ____ and ____:

A

Penicillin

Ampicillin

55
Q

Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa normal flora?

A

Rarely

56
Q

Is Burkolderia cepacia normal flora?

A

No

57
Q

OFPBL and PC media is used to isolate this bacterium in CF patients:

A

Burkholderia cepacia

58
Q

What does OFPBL stand for:

A

Oxidate-fermentive base-polymyxin B-bacitracin-lactose agar

59
Q

Is Burkholderia cepacia resistant or susceptible to polymyxin b?

A

resistant

which is rare for GNR

60
Q

Bartlett’s Screening method of sputum samples involves counting these two things in low power field:

A

Epithelial cells

Neutrophils

61
Q

What score is required with Bartlett’s screening method for sputum in order to be worked up, what score would be rejected:

A

1 or above = work up

0 or less = reject

62
Q

MAC+, Oxidase+ cause of Glanders in horses:

A

Burkholderia mallei

63
Q

Glanders is treated with:

A

Tetracyclines

64
Q

MAC+ Oxidase+ found in soil, streams, rice paddies:

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

65
Q

What is the disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei:

A

Melioidosis

aka Whitmore’s Disease

66
Q

Melioidosis is also known as ______, is caused by the bacterium ______, and is found in _______:

A

Whitmore’s disease
Burkholderia pseudomallei
SE Asia

67
Q

This is the 2nd most common glucose non-fermenter isolated in clinical labs:

A

Acinetobacter

68
Q

Acinetobacter is normal flora of _____ and _____:

A

skin

vaginal tract

69
Q

T/F

Acinetobacter is a cause of nosocomial infections via ventilators, humidifiers, catheters:

A

True

70
Q

Are all Acinetobactor spp. glucose oxidizers:

A

No. Some are asaccharolytic

71
Q

Gram negative rods, plump, often in pairs, oxidase neg, catalase pos, non-motile, does not reduce nitrates:

A

Acinetobacter

72
Q

Is Acinetobacter resistant to any antibiotics:

A

yes, many

73
Q

This organism is a strong maltose oxidizer and is the 3rd most common glucose non-fermenter encountered clinically:

A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

74
Q

What do colonies of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia look like on SBAP:

A

pale yellow to lavender pigment

75
Q

What is the drug of choice for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia:

A

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Micro 425 (12 decks)

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